Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TORTICOLLIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prenatal dinocap exposure alters swimming behavior in mice due to complete otolith agenesis in the inner ear.

Exposure to the fungicide dinocap during gestation produces behavioral abnormalities in the house mouse that are not apparent at birth but become obvious at weaning. Pregnant mice (CD-1) were exposed on Days 7 to 16 of gestation to dinocap at 0, 6, 12, or 25 mg/kg/day and the postnatal behavioral development of the offspring was assessed. Torticollis (head-tilting) appears in the treated offspring at 3 weeks of age (4.4% at 12 and 25.3% at 25 mg/kg/day) and, during a test of swimming ability, many of the mice (6.8% at 12 and 47.2% at 25 mg/kg/day) sink below the surface or are unstable and swim on their side in the water. These behavioral abnormalities are the result of agenesis of the otoliths in the inner ears. These were the only developmental defects noted in the 12 mg/kg/day dosage group. In this group 4.4% of the mice displayed torticollis, 9.2% did not swim normally, 19% were missing one or more whole otoliths (7.7% were missing all four otoliths), and partial agenesis of the crystalline material was seen in an additional 11.6% of the mice. The frequency of behavioral and inner ear defects increased in the higher dosage group, but the order of sensitivity of the effects did not change.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy.

The sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy is an uncommon clinical entity which has received little attention in the otolaryngological literature. The diagnosis must be considered in any infant presenting with a lateral neck mass. Although its natural history favors spontaneous regression, the mass may initially grow in size. The purpose of treatment is the prevention of torticollis and craniofacial asymmetry. The initial treatment is non-surgical, passive and active exercises. Only when this treatment fails should surgery be performed. The disappearance of the lesion is not always a predictable sign. A small number of children will develop delayed torticollis or craniofacial asymmetry. It is important that parents be informed of this possibility and of the necessity for long term follow-up.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Palpatory diagnosis of plagiocephaly.

INTRODUCTION: The term plagiocephaly, from the Greek plagios (oblique) and kephalê (head), means distortion of the head, and refers clinically to cranial asymmetry. Cranial Osteopathy, since it was first proposed, has focussed upon the diagnosis and treatment of birth trauma and cranial asymmetries, and consequently specific therapy for plagiocephalic deformities has been described. Osteopathic manipulation also has been proposed as a treatment for torticollis, a condition associated with plagiocephaly. For these reasons, we decided to look at the mechanics of the occipital bone and the adjacent atlas and bones of the cranial base, in relation to functional plagiocephaly. METHODS: The records of 649 children seen in an osteopathic practice in Lyon, France, were reviewed retrospectively, in compliance with the legal requirements of the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CRIL) and the Helsinki accord, for gender, age at presentation, birth history, obstetrical data (breech presentation, vacuum extraction, forceps delivery or Caesarean section), presenting complaint, side of posterior plagiocephaly, side of frontal plagiocephaly, torticollis, motion pattern of the occipital bone upon the atlas, and motion pattern of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. RESULTS: We found significant correlations between plagiocephaly (right/left) and primipara (P=0.024), use of forceps (P=0.055) and extractor suction (P=0.055). Correlations were also found between flattening of the occiput (right/left) and lateral strain of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (P=0.002) and between plagiocephaly (right/left) and occipito-atlantal motion (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: We found a significant correlation between the lateral strain pattern of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and plagiocephaly and between rotational dysfunction of the occiput upon the atlas and the side of posterior plagiocephaly. We suggest that thorough neonatal osteopathic examination can identify individuals predisposed to develop posterior plagiocephaly.

Atlanto-Occipital Joint↗
PubMed1986

Unilateral epicanthal fold: diagnostic significance.

The dysmorphologic evaluations of 56 children with torticollis and plagiocephaly were reviewed. Half of the children were referred because of the cranial asymmetry, and the remainder because of other structural defects or developmental delay. A unilateral epicanthal fold was present in 22 of 54 fully documented cases (41%). In 78% of these, the fold was ipsilateral to the area of occipital flatness. Because most infants are examined in an en face position, the presence of a unilateral epicanthal fold should prompt further investigation for a readily treatable torticollis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of craniocervical muscle spasms: short- and long-term, local and systemic effects.

Botulinum toxin has become the initial treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and other craniocervical dystonias. Numerous studies have confirmed a 90% to 95% response rate. Although a number of common side effects have been reported, the occurrence and incidence of rare local complications remains poorly understood. More importantly, the acute and chronic distant effects of botulinum toxin have not been clearly elucidated. A better understanding of such effects is essential if clinicians are to appropriately advise patients on the use of this therapeutic modality. This article is based on the Duke University experience in the management of over 500 patients with craniocervical spasm disorders, combined with a review of the published literature. These disorders include essential blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, and torticollis. The incidence of side effects following more than 6000 treatments with botulinum toxin is presented. Pertinent research relating to the causes of these complications is also reviewed. The most common complications of treatment with botulinum toxin are related to acute local effects resulting from chemodenervation. The most important clinical effect in this group is weakening of the levator muscle resulting in ptosis, and the corneal consequences of lagophthalmos. The latter includes exposure keratitis, dry eyes, blurred vision, and hypersecretion epiphora. Less common local effects include facial numbness, diplopia, and ectropion. Some distant effects are being observed with increasing frequency. These include pruritus, dysphagia, nausea, and a flu-like syndrome. Most significant, however, are the rare reports of generalized weakness and the documentation of EMG abnormalities distant to the site of toxin injection. This has been seen with injections for both blepharospasm and torticollis. Until further studies on the long-term distant complications of botulinum toxin are available, it is recommended that patients receive as few life-time doses of toxin as possible, consistent with adequate management of their spasms. The practice of reinjecting patients routinely every three months, or at the first return of mild spasms should be discouraged.

Blepharospasm↗
PubMed1999

Sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy: two cases of an interesting entity.

Sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy (SCMTI), also known as fibromatosis colli or muscular torticollis, is the most common cause of congenital torticollis. It is present in approximately 0.4% of live births, and usually 90% of patients will have a good prognosis if therapy is initiated and continued for the appropriate period of time. This paper presents two cases of SCMTI and explains the diagnostic modalities and treatment options for this entity. SCMTI should be diagnosed early in the infant's life, since early detection and initiation of conservative treatment leads to resolution of the disease in the majority of patients.

Fibroma↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral sternocleidomastoid tumors of infancy.

The sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy (STOI) is a relatively uncommon condition. Typically, it presents as a firm, well circumscribed mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) in infants 1-8 weeks of age and may be associated with torticollis. This condition must be considered in any infant with a lateral neck mass. The diagnosis can often be made clinically, but unusual presentations may present diagnostic challenges. Although bilateral involvement is rare, it does occur. The second reported case, a 2-week old female with bilateral STOIs and torticollis, is reported. Although many of the characteristics of the masses suggested the condition, the bilateral nature added uncertainty to the clinical impression, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm the diagnosis. The clinical presentation and management of the STOI are reviewed, and the unusual features of this case are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Stability of the sternoclavicular joint. A retrospective study.

Enlargement of the sternoclavicular joint is a well-documented but little recognised complication of radical neck dissection [AJR 3 (1971) 584]. We examined the stability of the sternoclavicular joint in 61 patients who had had radical neck dissection, functional neck dissection or sternomastoid division in the treatment of torticollis. Our findings support the hypothesis that postoperative stability of the sternoclavicular joint depends on the integrity of the accessory nerve and probably the proprioceptive branches of C3 and C4 of the cervical plexus. We conclude that in patients who require surgical section of the sternomastoid muscle in the treatment of torticollis, or for venous access in microvascular reconstruction, enlargement of the sternoclavicular joint should not occur as a postoperative complication, unlike those patients who have radical neck dissection with resection of the accessory nerve.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed2003

[Clinico-radiological study of the skull deformation in the plagiocephaly without synostosis].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanism of the skull deformation observed in frontal and occipital plagiocephaly without synostosis. POPULATION AND METHODS: From 1987 to 2001, 96 plagiocephalies without synostosis, 72 males and 24 females, were examined. There were 72 Frontal Plagiocephalies (FP) and 24 Occipital Plagiocephalies (OP). The clinical examination of the neck muscles was performed to find out a torticolis with or without retraction. All patients underwent a 3D CT scan of the skull to exclude a craniostenosis. Cephalic Index (CI) was also calculated. RESULTS: The FP had a torticollis in 89.3% of cases associated with a muscle retraction (54.8%), a tonus asymmetry (16.6%), or in association (28.6%). The skull had a parallelepiped shape and the greater axis was oblique. The CI was 0.85. The OP had a torticollis in 50% of case associated with a retraction (28.6%), a tonus asymmetry (57.1%), or the association (14.3%). The skull had a square shape with an occipital flat and the CI was 0.95. DISCUSSION: The FP and OP are two deformations whose mechanism is different. The FP corresponds to a three plans skull asymmetry secondary to muscle traction on the base of the skull, and the OP corresponds to a posterior localized asymmetry of the skull secondary to compression. CONCLUSION: The traction and/or compression deformation start in utero or in the newborn period and the supine position is an aggravating positional factor.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2003

[Hemi-atlas: report of five cases].

C1 partial aplasia is a rare congenital deformity which can produce unacceptable progressive severe torticollis. Five such cases treated in two regional Pediatric Hospitals of Argentin are presented here. There were 4 girls and 1 boy, with a mean age of 6 years; four of them had formation defect of articular mass (Villa's Area 3) causing fixed torticollis in 3 who underwent surgery. In another case the defect consisted of a posterior hemi-arch (Area 2). Surgical procedures consisted on isolated posterior occipito-cervical arthrodesis in two cases, and associated with a posterior decompression by suboccipital craneotomy in the third, due to the presence of preoperative neurological deficit. Some internal fixation was achieved with sutures (non reabsorbibles in younger patient and wire suture in older ones). Average postoperative immobilisation with Halo-vest was 4.5 months, and it was followed with extended Philadelphia collar until complete consolidation. Non-operated patients responded to conservative therapy. Mean followup was 1 year 8 months. All patients presented correction of the deformity. The 3 surgically treated patients showed good arthrodesis and disappearance of preoperative delicit when present. In conclusion, the unilateral hipoplasias of C1 in children with unyielding deformity can be satisfactorily managed by means of CO-C2/C3 arthrodesis with or without decompression, always associated to external immobilization.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed2002

[Increased level of tonic sympathetic arousal in high-vs. low-alexithymic cervical dystonia patients].

The purpose of this study was to assess whether alexithymia is a risk factor for autonomic dysregulation in cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis, ST). Alexithymia was assessed by an authorized German version of the TAS-20. In a first step, we recruited 10 ST-patients with high alexithymia scores (> 62; M = 69.2, SD = 3.0) and compared them with 10 ST-patients with low alexithymia scores (< 35; M = 28.7, SD = 4.3) on physiological and subjective responses to a cognitive and an emotional laboratory stressor. High-alexithymic ST-patients generally showed increased levels of autonomic arousal (higher SCL, more NS.SCF and lower T; 0.016 </= p </= 0.065) under all experimental conditions. In a second step, we used a less extreme alexithymia-definition (high >/= 57 vs. low </= 36) in a sample of 2 x 20 probands and found no significant differences. Our results suggest a chronically increased level of sympathetic activation in high-alexithymic patients with spasmodic torticollis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Atlanto-axial rotational subluxation in children: therapy in delayed diagnosis].

Children may develop a torticollis due to Rotatory Subluxation not only after minor trauma, infections of the upper respiratory tract, surgical procedures in the oropharynx but also spontaneously. Three cases with a delay in diagnosis are presented; the typical symptoms and other causes of torticollis are discussed. The suggested treatment is mobilisation under general anaesthesia, fixation with a Halo for a few days and consecutive immobilisation in a Minerva cast for 4-8 weeks. This regimen was successful in all three cases.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1993

Orthopedic aspects of musculoskeletal disease in children.

New information affecting the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions in children was published within the past year. A new etiology for acquired torticollis as well as a test to distinguish ocular and muscular torticollis were described. Familial predisposition for successful nonoperative treatment of interventional disk herniation was reported. Bone scintigraphy was shown to be helpful in defining the cause of occult gait disturbances, and accurate mapping of premature growth plate closure may soon be possible with magnetic resonance scans.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pontocerebellar atrophy combined with vestibular-reticular degeneration.

A 41-year-old woman was hospitalized in 1939 with neurologic signs from which there was complete recovery over a two-year period. In 1965 she was readmitted because of increasing forgetfulness and inability to care for herself; there were no neurologic deficits. In June 1970 torticollis developed and persisted until her death 15 months later. No cerebellar signs were elicited, but increased muscle tone was prominent. The brain showed remarkable flattening of the inferior surface of the cerebellum; the pons was small. The medullary substance of the cerebellum and each branchium pontis appeared completely demyelinated. Transverse fibres were apparently absent in the central basis pontis. Microscopically in addition to the pontocerebellar atrophy there was degeneration of the vestibular system, reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and medial longitudinal fasciculi. The inferior olives showed only moderate neuronal degeneration in the caudal areas. Basal ganglia and thalamus showed some involvement in the pathological process. It is postulated that the vestibular-reticular system atrophy was the anatomic substrate for the torticollis, and apparently overshadowed cerebellar signs, which are ordinarily associated with pontocerebellar atrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Combined odontoid and jefferson fracture in a child: a case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case of combined odontoid and Jefferson fracture is reported. OBJECTIVE: To alert spine physicians to the rare combination of an odontoid and Jefferson fracture in a child. METHODS: A 5-year old boy presented with neck pain and torticollis after falling on his head from a four-wheeler that had rolled over. A computed tomography scan confirmed a combined odontoid and Jefferson fracture. RESULTS: The child was successfully treated nonsurgically with a hard cervical orthosis. At this writing, the child clinically is asymptomatic 2 years after the injury. DISCUSSION: The fall on to the head caused the body weight to be transmitted to the atlas. The resulting force vector produced the classic Jefferson fracture of the atlas. As the atlas fracture spread with continued compressive and axial forces, tension was exerted on the alar ligaments (check ligaments), leading to the avulsion fracture of the odontoid. CONCLUSIONS: This is only the second reported case of a child with a combined Jefferson and odontoid fracture. This diagnosis should be considered in the evaluation of a child with neck pain and torticollis from a fall on the top of the head.

Cervical Atlas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopaedic implications of multiple gestation pregnancy with triplets.

Intrauterine crowding has been implicated as a risk factor in several orthopaedic conditions, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), metatarsus adductus, and torticollis. The goal of this study was to see whether orthopaedic conditions associated with intrauterine crowding were more frequent in multiple gestation pregnancies, specifically in triplets. The authors reviewed their experience over a 10-year period with 261 children who were products of triplet pregnancies. They surveyed 13 orthopaedic conditions and found only one condition, torticollis, that had a greater incidence than that reported in single gestation pregnancies. A 0% incidence of DDH was found in these patients. Routine ultrasound screening cannot be recommended in these patients based on these results.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2005

Successful reduction for a pediatric chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (Grisel syndrome) with long-term halter traction: case report.

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) in a girl presenting with torticollis and neck pain. OBJECTIVE: To report this rare case that was successfully treated with long-term traction and a brace. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: AARF is a rare kind of subluxation that is a pathologic fixation of the atlas on the axis. It is most common in pediatric patients and is usually reduced easily with conservative treatments only in the acute stage. However, previously reported chronic AARFs have usually been treated with operative reductions. Although high success rates have been achieved with operative reduction in chronic cases of AARF, even successful operative reduction may result in significant neck motion limitation. METHODS: A 9-year-old girl had torticollis of more than 3 months duration develop as a result of an upper respiratory infection. Dynamic computerized tomography showed consistent fixation of the atlantoaxial joint consistent with type 1 AARF according to the classification of Li and Pang. The patient was treated with halter traction of 5-lb weight for 6 weeks, and with a brace for 4 months and collar for 2 months. RESULTS: We successfully treated this patient with chronic AARF only with cervical traction. She had full recovery of neck motion and normal atlantoaxial angle on follow-up computerized tomography after 6 months. CONCLUSION: From this case, we suggest that long-term traction could be another treatment method for chronic AARF, especially in children.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1994

Botulinum toxin in the treatment of neurological disorders.

Botulinum toxin therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of different movement disorders, especially focal dystonias. We reviewed botulinum toxin treatment of 97 patients: 36 had blepharospasm, 41 had torticollis, and 20 had diverse movement disorders. Patients with blepharospasm and torticollis improved markedly after botulinum toxin injections. The most common side effect in BS patients was ptosis (44.4%); in TC patients, it was dysphagia (29.3%). The mean duration of the improvement in both groups was 3.4 months. Very promising results were obtained also in the heterogeneous group including patients with other focal dystonias and cerebral palsy. On the basis of these results, we concluded that BTA injections must now be considered the mainstay of therapy for focal dystonias and other involuntary movement disorders.

Adolescent↗