SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SEROSITIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Influence of glucose absorption on ion activities in cells and submucosal space in goldfish intestine.

Mucosal glucose addition evokes in goldfish intestinal epithelium a fast depolarization of the mucosal membrane potential (delta psi mc = 12 mV) followed by a slower repolarization (delta psi mc = -7 mV). The intracellular sodium activity, aiNa+, rises from 13.2 +/- 2.4 meq/l by 6.7 +/- 0.5 meq/l within 5 min, aiCl- rises about 3 meq/l above the control value of 37.7 +/- 2.2 meq/l, while aiK is constant (97.7 +/- 7.4 meq/l). The potassium activity measured in the submucosal interstitium near the basal side of the cells (asK+) is 5.2 +/- 0.2 meq/l in non-absorbing tissue compared to 4.2 meq/l in the bathing solution and shows a transient increase due to glucose absorption (1.1 +/- 0.1 meq/l). In chloride-free media asK+ = 4.2 +/- 0.1 meq/l and psi mc hyperpolarizes by -13 mV. The depolarization due to glucose absorption increases (delta psi mc = 14.1 +/- 1.4) and the repolarization (delta psi repolmc) disappears. In addition, aiNa+ rises from 16.3 +/- 2.4 meq/l by 9.9 +/- 1.5 meq/l within 5 min, aiK+ remains constant and equal to the value in chloride containing solutions (88.5 +/- 2.8 meq/l); asK+ increases transiently (1.1 +/- 0.1 meq/l). Serosal Ba2+ (5 mM) depolarizes psi mc (+14.2 +/- 1.0 mV) and abolishes the repolarization. Increased serosal or mucosal potassium activity depolarizes psi mc and abolishes the repolarization. These effects are discussed in terms of changes of ion activities, the basolateral potassium conductance, the influence of intracellular Ca2+, the functional state of the Na/K-pump, and modulation of membrane permeabilities by extracellular potassium.

Absorption↗

PubMed1989

The key role of the mitochondria-rich cell in Na+ and H+ transport across the frog skin epithelium.

We have investigated the possibility that the mitochondria-rich (MR) cells participate in sodium and proton transport, when the frog skin epithelium is bathed on its apical side with solutions of low Na+ concentration, by comparing transport rates with morphological observations (MR cell number and MR cell pit surface area). Frogs were adapted to various salinities or the isolated skins were treated with the following hormones, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), arginine vasotocin (AVT) and oxytocin in order to modify the transport of sodium and hydrogen ions. Adaptation of the frogs (either 3-4 days or 7-10 days) to distilled water, NaCl (50 mmol/l), KCl (50 mmol/l) or Na2SO4 (25 mmol/l) solutions modified the Na+ transport rate and the morphology of the epithelium. The highest Na+ transport rates were found for the animals adapted to the Na+ free solutions and were correlated with an increase in the total MR cell pit surface area (number of MR cells x individual cell pit-surface area). The KCl adaptated group showed the largest increase in sodium and proton transport and also presented a metabolic acidosis as reflected by plasma acidification (pCO2 increase and HCO3- decrease). Proton secretion and sodium absorption were also found to be stimulated by either serosal DOCA addition (10(-6) M) or during acidification of the epithelium by serosally applied CO2. Na+ transport was enhanced by AVT (10(-6) M) or oxytocin (100 mU/ml) when the skin was bathed on its apical side with a high Na+ containing solution (115 mmol/l), whereas these hormones did not exert any effect on Na+ transport when the apical solution was low in Na+ (0.5 mmol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Sodium pump stimulation by oxytocin and cyclic AMP in the isolated epithelium of the frog skin.

Activity of the Na pump was judged by Na extrusion in epithelial cells loaded with Na by a previous incubation in K-free solutions in the cold. Oxytocin significantly stimulated Na extrusion either at normal (3.5 mM) or low (0.25 mM) K in the medium. It was stimulated as well by cyclic AMP. Maximal concentrations of either agent caused about the same degree of stimulation. Addition of ouabain or removal of K prevented the action of both agents, but amiloride showed no effect at all. These results strongly suggest that, a) neurohypophyseal hormones not only increase Na entry across the mucosal barrier of the epithelium but they also stimulate the serosal Na pump, b) cyclic AMP not only mediates the action of neurohypophyseal hormones on Na and water permeability of the mucosal barrier, but it also mediates the action of the hormones on the Na pump of the serosal barrier.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Potassium secretion by neonatal rat distal colon.

Electrogenic K+ secretion across the distal colon of young rats was investigated by measuring the sensitivity of the short-circuit current to Ba2+ added to the mucosal side of the tissue. Ba2+-sensitive short-circuit current (IBasc) was high during the suckling and weaning periods but very low in adult animals. Increasing the mucosal K+ concentration was accompanied by the inhibition of the serosa-to-mucosa IBasc and the induction of the mucosa-to-serosa IBasc. The IBasc was decreased by serosal omission of either Na+ or Cl- as well as by serosal addition of furosemide or ouabain. Mucosal omission of Na+ did not change IBasc. By increasing the plasma level of aldosterone (low-sodium diet) IBasc rose by 95% whereas treatment decreasing this level (high-sodium diet) reduced IBasc by 76%. Bilateral adrenalectomy lowered IBasc by 59% and treatment of adrenalectomized rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate prevented the reduction of IBasc. Tetraethylammonium and quinidine had similar effects on Isc as Ba2+. These data are consistent with the presence of a high level of K+ secretion in the distal colon of neonatal rats. This secretory pathway is electrogenic and independent of Na+ absorption. It appears to be mediated by the Na-K-ATPase as well as a furosemide-sensitive Na-Cl or Na-Cl-K cotransport on the basolateral side and by Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductive pathways on the mucosal side. The results suggest that this K+ secretion can be regulated by mineralocorticoids. The mineralocorticoids are necessary for "stimulated" K+ secretion but they are not essential for maintaining "basal" K+ secretion.

Adrenalectomy↗

PubMed1986

Histamine reduces Cl- activity in surface epithelial cells of frog gastric mucosa. Suggestive evidence for ionic coupling between surface epithelial and oxyntic cells.

Intracellular chloride activity (acCl) and serosal as well as mucosal membrane potentials (Vcs and Vcm) were recorded in surface epithelial cells (SEC) of frog gastric mucosa during the resting state (cimetidine, 10(-4) mol/l) or during stimulation with histamine (10(-4) mol/l). Stimulation leads to a fall in acCl from 18.7 SD +/- 5.9 mmol/l (n = 26) to 13.3 SD +/- 4.9 mmol/l (n = 33). Simultaneously both cell membranes hyperpolarize, Vcs from -56.0 SD +/- 4.8 (n = 42) to -62.8 +/- 7.6 (n = 43) and Vcm from -39.6 SD +/- 5.8 (n = 42) to -47.9 +/- 7.6 (n = 43), so that intracellular chloride remains elevated above electrochemical equilibrium at both cell membranes. Reduction or omission of chloride in the lumen perfusate does not affect acCl, suggesting that the luminal cell membrane is virtually tight for chloride ions. Current induced hyperpolarization of the serosal cell membrane potential which simulates the electrical effects of stimulation, does not affect acCl either; however, inhibition of gastric acid secretion by a benzimidazol derivative which is known to block the H+/K+ ATPase prevents the fall in acCl in response to histamine. The same holds if the experimental solutions are gassed with 25% CO2 which does not interfere with acid secretion but may block cell to cell communication via gap junctions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1984

High [K+] alters the stimulus-hydrosmotic response coupling in toad bladder.

Substitution of K+ for Na+ in the Ringer solution bathing the inner surface of toad urinary bladders (Bufo marinus) had no effect on basal water permeability but significantly altered the stimulus-hydrosmotic response of this epithelium. In chloride-Ringer, high [K+] increased the hydrosmotic responses to submaximal stimulations induced by vasopressin or exogenous cAMP, while the responses to theophylline or serosal hypertonicity were decreased. In sulfate-Ringer, all these responses were enhanced but for that induced by serosal hypertonicity which was actually diminished. As a step towards determining if Ca2+ might mediate the K+-induced effects on water flow, experiments were conducted either in the presence of a Ca2+ "antagonist" (cobalt) or in nominally Ca2+-free Ringer. In both conditions the hydrosmotic effects of vasopressin and cAMP were markedly reduced. The results raise the possibility that a transient Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive, Co2+-blockade Ca2+ channels may play a role in the stimulus-hydrosmotic response of toad urinary bladder.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Hyperglycemia and net transintestinal glucose and sodium transport in the rat.

Hyperglycemia produced by intravenous infusion of glucose cause, in the everted jejunum of rat, an increase of net transintestinal transport of glucose, Na and water without modifying their cell concentration. The concentration of glucose in the fluid pouring out at the serosal side is higher than the calculated intracellular concentration, especially in the experiments in which the serosal compartment is initially empty. This fact could be explained by the possible existence of an active extrusion mechanism in the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative surgical and colonoscopic appearance of colon anastomoses constructed with sutures, staples, and the biofragmentable anastomotic ring.

UNLABELLED: The following animal study was undertaken to compare and assess the endoscopic gross appearance and histology of colonic anastomoses constructed with sutures, staples, and the biofragmentable anastomotic ring (BAR). METHODS: Three anastomoses--1 BAR, 1 stapled, and 1 sutured--were placed in each of 48 dogs and colonoscopy and anastomotic evaluation were done. RESULTS: No leaks were found by air insufflation at surgery. Grossly, the BAR had serosal hematomas in 27/48 anastomoses vs 7/48 for stapled and 1/48 for sutured (BAR vs stapled P < 0.0005 and sutured vs stapled P = 0.07). Adhesions were significantly greater for BAR (35/36) and sutured (34/36) compared to stapled (26/36) (BAR vs stapled P = 0.01 and sutured vs. stapled P = 0.04). Colonoscopic exams at days 3, 7, and 28 showed no significant difference among groups with respect to bleeding, ulceration, necrosis, granulation, or contour. Sutured anastomoses were more stenotic (24/31) than stapled (4/31) or BAR (3/31) ones (BAR vs sutured and sutured vs stapled P < 0.005). At 28 days, 10/10 sutured vs 2/10 stapled vs 3/10 BAR were stenotic (BAR vs sutured P = 0.02, sutured vs stapled P = 0.01). Inflammation on histologic exam at 28 days was not significantly different: sutured (12/12), stapled (12/12), or BAR (9/12). Fibrosis was more prominent in sutured (12/12) than in stapled (5/12) or BAR (4/12) anastomoses (BAR vs sutured P = 0.001, sutured vs stapled P = 0.004, and BAR vs stapled P = 1.00). All anastomoses healed primarily without necrosis or obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Colonoscopy to evaluate anastomoses can be done safely even in the early post-operative period. (2) The BAR anastomoses had the most serosal hematomas; BAR and sutured had more adhesions than stapled anastomoses; and sutured anastomoses had the most stenosis and fibrosis. None of these differences was of clinical significance.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with neurofibromatosis.

Over a 3-year period, two patients with neurofibromatosis were referred to our medical center for evaluation of repeated episodes of melena. Upper endoscopy was unrevealing in each case, as was colonoscopy. Arteriography during active hemorrhage was helpful in localizing the source of bleeding in one patient but not in the other. The source of bleeding in each patient was obvious at surgical exploration. Large neurofibromas protruded from the serosal surface of a short region of jejunum in both cases and an additional segment of ileum in one case. Hemorrhage had occurred as a result of erosion of mucosa stretched over these tumors. Local resection of the involved segments produced long-term control of the hemorrhage. Since these tumors were grossly visible on the serosal surface of the involved intestinal segments, laparoscopic evaluation could have been used to hasten diagnosis in each case.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Function and regulation of the avian caecal bulb: influence of dietary NaCl and aldosterone on water and electrolyte fluxes in the hen (Gallus domesticus) perfused in vivo.

The function of the caecal bulb, and its adaptation to chronic high- or low-Na+ intake, was investigated by in vivo perfusion of anaesthetised birds. Effects of acute aldosterone injection (125 micrograms.kg-1 body mass) were also measured. Evidence was found for primary active net absorption of Na+, inducing parallel Na-linked absorption of water and Cl- and secretion of K+. Around 20-35% of total Cl- absorption and K+ secretion were independent of Na+ fluxes, and these components appear to be driven by passive processes with apparent conductances of 6.3 X 10(-3) (GCl) and 1.1 X 10(-3) (GK) S.cm-2. Acetate (40 mM) stimulated Na+ fluxes (8.5-9.9 microEq.cm-2.h-1) and Na-linked water fluxes (27-44 microliters.cm-2.h-1). Increased coupling ratios (2.9-4.6 microliters.microEq-1) and other data indicate that these effects may be due to increased osmotic permeabilities of barriers involved in the Na-linked water transfer pathway. Low-Na+ maintenance enhanced EPD (49-69 mV, serosa positive) and all net fluxes: JNa (6.8-11.6); JK (-3.2--4.3); JCl (4.3-5.6 microEq.cm serosal area-2.h-1); Jv (28-43 microliters.cm-2.h-1) (mucosal-serosal fluxes positive). Acute aldosterone enhanced JNa (10.8-14.0 microEq.cm-2.h-1) and EPD (54-66 mV) by 3 h after injection, but had no effect on the Na-linked components of JK or JCl.

Aldosterone↗

PubMed1986

Luminal alkalinization in the intestine of the goby.

The rate of luminal alkalinization in vitro by Gillichthys mirabilis posterior intestine as measured by a manual pH stat technique was 0.70 +/- 0.05 mu Equiv/cm2 h; acidification of the mucosal medium was never observed. The rate of HCO-3 secretion (JHCO3) was reduced by ouabain, serosally-applied DIDS, removal of serosal HCO3- and replacement of media Cl- with gluconate. HCO3- secretion was enhanced by replacement of Cl- with isethionate and unaffected by mucosal DIDS, furosemide or acetazolamide. JHCO3 was reduced at mucosal pH above or below 7.5. These results support active HCO3- secretion via a Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanism on the basolateral membrane and a conductive exit pathway for HCO-3, H+ or OH- on the apical membrane.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗

PubMed1984

Ultrastructural aspects of the histogenesis of diffuse and localized mesothelioma.

During an ultrastructural review of 30 diffuse and 10 localized mesotheliomas, it was apparent that some micrographs showed various stages in the developmental processes involved in the formation of histological patterns in diffuse mesotheliomas and a histogenetic link between diffuse and localized mesotheliomas. Cells in the stromal or sarcomatous regions of diffuse mesothelioma often show varying degrees of mesothelial differentiation and a gradual transition to cells with typical mesothelial characteristics that organize into structures recapitulating the surface layer of serosal membranes. Tumor cells in localized mesotheliomas had many similarities to the "stromal" cells in the diffuse counterpart including intercellular junctions, rare microvilli and occasional foci of basal lamina. It is postulated that diffuse and localized mesotheliomas share a common histogenetic origin as a result of neoplastic induction of specialized submesothelial cells. In this concept, tumor cells in diffuse mesotheliomas reflect stages in the differentiation and organization of normal serosal membranes and localized mesotheliomas mirror the earliest phases of this process.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Human colonic myoelectric activity in response to prostigmin and the gastrointestinal hormones.

Colonic myoelectric activity was determined using a mucosal clip electrode in normal human subjects, in the basal state and following the administration of prostigmin, pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, or secretin. Slow-wave activity was present 49 +/- 3.0% of the recording time and occurred at two frequencies, 6.5 +/- 0.1 cycles/min and 3.5 +/- 0.1 cycles/min, in the rectum. Spike potentials were infrequent in the basal state. Prostigmin, pentagastrin, or cholecystokinin did not affect the slow-wave activity or frequency, but these agents significantly increased the number of spike potentials (P less than 0.05). Secretin had no effect on myoelectric activity. The electrode system was tested in the cat and showed excellent correlation of the myoelectric activity between the mucosal clip electrode and a serosal electrode. These studies indicate: (1) a mucosal clip electrode provides an accurate method of recording colonic myoelectric activity when compared to a serosal electrode in the cat; (2) in man, slow-wave activity is present only intermittently and exists at two frequencies, approximately 6 cycles/min and 3 cycles/min; (3) gastrointestinal hormones and prostigmin increase spike potential discharge without altering slow-wave activity or frequency.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Ion fluxes and electrical characteristics of the short-circuited rat colon in vitro.

The unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride across stripped rat colon mucosa were measured and compared with the electrical characteristics of the tissue under voltage-clamped conditions. The relationship between the serosal-mucosal fluxes of the two ions and an imposed potential revealed that the serosal-mucosal flux of sodium was entirely paracellular, whereas there was also a transcellular component of the corresponding chloride flux. In the absence of sodium, the short-circuit current and net chloride flux were abolished; in the absence of chloride, the net sodium flux was reduced but not abolished, and the short-circuit current was unchanged. From an analysis of the effects of the inhibitors, amiloride, theophylline, acetazolamide, furosemide and piretanide, a plausible model was developed to explain the characteristics of these transports. It was proposed that both membranes possess Cl-/HCO-3 antiports, though their sensitivities to inhibitors were different. There is also a Na+/Cl- symport and an electrogenic sodium entry mechanism in the brushborder membrane.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1987

[Effect of endoscopic hydrothermo- and laser coagulation on the human stomach wall in vivo].

Effect of thermic and laser energy applied onto human in vivo gastric wall has not yet been reported in literature. In our study we evaluated the maximum amount of energy not harming the patient as well as principles for secure and sufficient therapy. In 8 patients hospitalized for gastric resection we applied vaporization by laser- and hydrothermosounds in this part of the stomach which should be resected. Endoscopic pictures were taken. We used a NdYAG laser (maximum performance 70 W, time of application 1-3 s) and hydrothermosounds (maximum performance 170 W, time of application 1-3 s). The stomach was resected 3-8 days following application. Comparing laser- and hydrothermosounds marks we observed a bigger area of necrosis at hydrothermosounds marks using the same amount of energy. In histological investigation correlation between depth and diameter of necrosis was found. After the same application time both depth and diameter of necrosis were bigger by hydrothermosounds than by laser. Lesions reached serosa at the maximum time of application of 3 s. Serosal lesion itself did not appear. Endoscopic treatment of tissue lesion by laser and thermic irradiation (vaporization of bleeding polyp pedicles, treatment of tumors) is secure using the maximum energy mentioned above. Serosal lesion did not appear. Bleeding lesions must be treated by higher energy because of absorption of energy by escaped blood.

Electrocoagulation↗

PubMed1984

Diverticular rupture during colonoscopy. Fact or fancy?

Uncomplicated colonic diverticula have been regarded as weak points in the bowel wall which have a predisposition to rupture during colonoscopy. We attempted to prove or disprove this assumption. Eleven segments of diverticula-containing sigmoid colon were insufflated via a colonoscope and the rupture pressure manometrically recorded. The mean +/- SEM pressure causing serosal tear was 202 +/- 15 mm Hg and mucosal rupture 226 +/- 14 mm Hg. No diverticular blowouts occurred. Intraluminal sigmoid pressures were measured manometrically in 15 patients with and 15 patients without colonic diverticula during routine colonoscopy. The pressure recordings were read in a blinded fashion, and the values were then grouped and analyzed in those patients with and without sigmoid colon diverticula. Intrarectal, sigmoid, peak sigmoid, peak sigmoid with cough, and peak sigmoid with Valsalva pressures were similar in both groups. Furthermore, the pressure levels generated during colonoscopy were much lower than those required for colonic rupture in the cadaver colons. We conclude that the reason most colonic perforations occur in the sigmoid area is not due to diverticular blowout. Rather, excluding instances where electrocautery is used, we feel it is due to instrument trauma. Less commonly, excessive air insufflation can result in serosal laceration and mucosal rupture, whereas diverticular blowout is probably limited to the setting of acute diverticulitis.

Colon↗

PubMed1995

Eicosanoids and histamine mediate C5a-induced electrolyte secretion in guinea pig ileal mucosa.

C5a is a biologically active polypeptide formed during the course of complement activation and is known to possess histamine-releasing and neutrophil chemotactic properties. In the present study, we have demonstrated that C5a can regulate electrolyte transport across guinea pig ileum, and we have investigated its mechanism of action. Segments of ileum stripped of longitudinal muscle were mounted in Ussing chambers (Krebs' buffer, 37 degrees C, 95% O2/5% CO2) for monitoring short-circuit current (Isc). Serosal application of C5a evoked a transient increase in Isc with an EC50 value of 5.0 nM indicating a potent effect. The C5a-induced increase in Isc was abolished by elimination of both Cl- and HCO3- from the Krebs' solution. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 microM), the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (0.5 microM) and the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (0.5 microM) reduced the effect of C5a, but the muscarinic antagonist atropine (0.5 microM) was without effect. C5a (100 nM) also evoked the release of histamine (measured by radioimmunoassay in the serosal bathing fluid) by 282% of the control value. In conclusion, in the guinea pig ileum C5a stimulates mucosal anion secretion by releasing histamine and cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. The response is also mediated, in part, via non-chloinergic enteric nerves.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Influence of recording techniques on measurement of canine colonic motility.

The extent to which the established variability in colonic motility recordings is due to differences in recording techniques is not known. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two intraluminal recording devices (perfused tube and tube mounted strain gauge) to record colonic motor activity against a reference device (serosal strain gauge). In six anesthetized dogs an intracolonic probe was positioned such that the component perfused tubes and tube mounted strain gauges were approximated to identical strain gauges mounted on the serosa. Contractions were induced by field stimulation and intraarterial injections of acetylcholine and carbachol. While both intraluminal devices demonstrated limitations in the detection of phasic and tonic motor events, perfused tubes detected a significantly greater proportion of tonic and phasic contractions than did strain gauges (P less than 0.001). Intraluminal strain gauges misrepresented 50% of tonic contractions (confirmed visually and by serosal strain gauges) as waveforms with negative polarity. This was not seen in recordings from perfused tubes. Perfused tubes represented tonic contractions as biphasic or bifid waveforms significantly less frequently than strain gauges (P less than 0.05). Radial asymmetry of colonic contractions is likely to account for these observed discrepancies. Recorded motility patterns are influenced by different recording techniques, and these differences are a source of variability in recorded patterns of colonic motor activity.

Acetylcholine↗