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PubMed1995

Transfer of the IncJ plasmid R391 to recombination deficient Escherichia coli K12: evidence that R391 behaves as a conjugal transposon.

A study of the IncJ plasmid R391 confirmed a low frequency of transfer between recombination proficient (recA+) Escherichia coli (10(-5) donor -1). Reanalysis of its transfer to recombination deficient (recA) E. coli revealed an equivalent transfer frequency to and from all mutants tested. Extrachromosomal DNA could not be detected in either recA+ or recA transconjugants, while R391 proved refractory to curing in both backgrounds implying a high degree of stability. The integration of R391 into a specific region of the chromosome was demonstrated by its transfer as part of the exogenote mobilised from the transfer origins of Hfr strains BW6165 and JC158. Transfer of R391 coupled to recA independent chromosomal integration has significant implications as to the nature and classification of the element. We propose that R391 behaves like a conjugal transposon.

Conjugation, Genetic↗

PubMed1997

Surgery in primary supratentorial intracerebral hematoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

OBJECTIVES: To examine through a meta-analysis whether a treatment strategy of surgery plus the routine medical management saves lives and reduces disability in survivors of primary supratentorial intracerebral hematoma compared to routine medical management alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computerized bibliographic search of published research, conference proceedings, monographs and experts yielded 373 articles, of which only four were randomized trials. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed by two observers (weighted kappa = 0.8). Two independent reviewers abstracted the data on patient sample, type of surgery and outcomes in terms of death and dependence versus independence. Based on the nature of the intervention and the results of test for homogeneity, we analyzed the results of craniotomy and endoscopic evacuation separately. RESULTS: Review of the three trials of craniotomy suggests that it increases the risk of death or dependence (pooled risk difference 13%, 95% CI 3% to 23%), though the study with the largest sample size was conducted in the pre-CT period. Reanalysis of the endoscopic evacuation trial data showed decrease in risk of death or dependence (risk difference -18%, 95% CI -36% to 0%), the effect being similar across the different subgroups of patients according to the site of hematoma, but probably larger in patients aged less than 60 years or hematoma size of more than 50 cc. CONCLUSIONS: The role of craniotomy and stereotactic surgery has not been adequately studied in randomized trials. The results of a single trial suggest that endoscopic evacuation is a promising form of treatment in patients with primary supratentorial intracerebral hematoma, but this finding needs confirmation in a larger trial.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1991

Gender differences in depression: historical changes.

Depression has been widely reported to be more prevalent among females than among males. In this study we demonstrate that gender differences in depression occur only among individuals born during particular historical periods, and test the utility of a model focusing on changes in women's opportunities for academic and professional achievement in predicting periods of significant gender differences in depression. Based on reanalysis of data reported by Klerman et al., we find gender differences in depression among people 40 years of age and older to be high among cohorts that reach adolescence during periods of increasing opportunities for female achievement. Among cohorts that reach adolescence during periods of stable or decreasing opportunities for women, gender differences in depression are not significant at any age.

Achievement↗

PubMed1992

Effects of age and alcoholism on the prevalence of panic disorder.

Findings are reported evaluating the effects of aging and alcoholism histories on the 6-month prevalence rates of panic disorder. The data were collected in 5 communities as part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study: New Haven, CT; Baltimore, MD; St. Louis, MO; Durham, NC; and Los Angeles, CA. Reanalysis of ECA data provided additional support for a decline in the prevalence of panic disorder among elderly people. In addition, the presence of a history of alcohol abuse or dependence was associated with significantly elevated panic disorder rates in younger individuals, but an earlier decline in panic disorder prevalence with age, regardless of gender. These findings offer preliminary support for neurodevelopmental hypotheses for the onset and outgrowing of panic disorder. They also highlight the impact of alcoholism on the course of panic disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Principal components and further possibilities with the PANSS.

At the end of the last century, Hughlings-Jackson suggested that positive and negative syndromes should be kept apart in psychotic disorders. When the concepts of dementia praecox and schizophrenia were introduced by Kraepelin and Bleuler, emphasis was laid on the negative symptoms, regarded as fundamental. After the introduction of the "first rank symptoms" by Schneider emphasis switched to the positive symptoms in schizophrenia and these symptoms were included in most diagnostic criteria. In the 1980s Andreasen and Crow suggested a dichotomy into positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Kay and co-workers introduced a Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. In the original studies satisfactory construct validity and inter-rater reliability were demonstrated. However, in studies outside the USA a high construct validity was found for the negative scales but not for the positive and general psychopathology scales. Furthermore, the inter-rater reliability of the negative scale was a problem. After introduction of the Structured Clinical Interview for the PANSS (SCI-PANSS) the inter-rater reliability increased for all three scales. In an early study Kay and Sevy found seven factors in a principal component analysis of the PANSS and suggested a four factor pyramidical model. Later principal component analyses by Lepine, Peralta et al. and Kawasaki et al. suggested that the four factor model was an oversimplification and Lindström and von Knorring suggested a five factor pyramidical model. A similar model was later suggested by Bell et al. after a reanalysis of the original series of Kay and Sevy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed2005

Association of air-conditioning with respiratory symptoms in office workers in tropical climate.

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the association of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) and respiratory symptoms in a tropical city, self-administered questionnaires were given to 2000 individuals working in air-conditioned office buildings and to 500 control workers in naturally ventilated buildings. Reported symptoms from the two populations were analyzed using chi-square tests, univariate and multiple logistic regressions models. Symptoms were the outcome variable and the odds ratios were adjusted by gender, age, accumulated work time, smoking habits and atopic background. There was a 79.8% response rate and there was a positive association of nasal symptoms (odds ratio, OR = 1.59, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.11-2.28), naso-ocular symptoms (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05-2.38), persistent cough (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.00-4.63) sinusitis symptoms (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.27-2.71) and building-related worsening of the symptoms (OR = 4.92, 95% CI = 2.93-8.27) with working in air-conditioned buildings. In conclusion, our study suggests that artificial air-conditioning is a matter of concern for respiratory symptoms in cities with hot and humid climate. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that indoor air-related respiratory symptoms are a matter of concern in places with hot and humid climate. The regression models were adjusted by confounders that could be used in further reanalysis of indoor air quality related symptoms and ventilation systems with expanded variety of climatic conditions.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Does a fall down a centile chart matter? The growth and developmental sequelae of mild failure to thrive.

Fifty-two children aged 18 months who had fallen across two weight centile lines were compared to 52 controls. Five years after the initial study, 89% of these children were traced. At follow-up, four of the cases but none of the controls had been placed in care and cases were significantly shorter and lighter than controls. Reanalysis of the early weight data revealed that the screening criterion had been over-inclusive, identifying a majority with only borderline failure to thrive (FTT). Although the mean IQ was lower in the cases than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant. However, a significant association was found within the cases between severity of FTT and IQ. There was no difference in the number of behaviour problems reported. The use of a simple centile shift-based definition of FTT, while proving to be over-sensitive, has identified a subgroup of children who suffered adverse long-term cognitive outcomes.

Child↗

PubMed1984

Timing analysis of coding and articulation processes in dyslexia.

Several investigators have found that the time required to perform serial naming tasks is a good predictor of dyslexia in children. Protracted overall time scores, such as are reported for the Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) test of Denckla and Rudel, are, by themselves, insufficient to determine the extent to which the performance deficit is cognitive in nature, or is the articulatory consequence of an inability master the quickly changing acoustic formant patterns associated with consonants, as proposed by Tallal. We administered the RAN test to matched groups of dyslexic and normal control children, aged 8 to 11 years. Measurement of speech signal durations was performed by computer. We applied the Gould and Boies algorithm for extracting cognitive preparation time to these data, resulting in a partition of overall RAN test score into coding time and articulation time components. Differential performances between the groups on RAN subtests were examined for effects of postvocalic consonants and semantic load. It was found that both vocalization time and pause time means were significantly longer for the dyslexics on each of the four RAN subtests: objects, colors, numbers, letters. The Gould and Boies analysis showed very little preparation time during speech in both groups, attributing virtually all coding time to pauses, although reanalysis suggested somewhat less. Increased vowel length among the dyslexics occurred on all subtests, but was not maximized on subtests with more numerous postvocalic consonants. Vowel time differences between groups accounted for nearly all of the differences in vocalization time. Profiles were constructed on speech measures which, for each subtest, correctly identified each subject with his group. On the letters subtest it was found that vowel duration alone achieved a perfect discrimination between the dyslexic and control subjects.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Cerebellar plasticity and the ocular following response.

We constructed a realistic simulation model to elucidate whether the characteristics of the cerebellar synaptic plasticity reported in vitro guide the acquisition and adaptation of the ocular following response (OFR). The model reconstructed the firing frequency of the inputs of granule cell axons (GCA), inhibitory cells (IC), and climbing fibers (CF) to cerebellar Purkinje cells for the OFR, to simulate the reported cerebellar plasticity, including long-term depression, long-term potentiation, and rebound potentiation. When the model used the same visual inputs as reported for monkeys, it successfully simulated the real characteristics of simple spikes in Purkinje cells of adult monkeys and adaptation of gain and direction. The success of our simulation relied on the temporal relationship of the synaptic weight changes when CF inputs preceded GCA and IC inputs, corresponding to the relationship reported by Chen and Thompson and reanalysis of the data of Karachot et al. The success of our simulation strongly suggests that acquisition and adaptation of the OFR arise from cerebellar plasticity.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Dietary patterns and blood pressure in African Americans.

Hypertension is a highly prevalent risk factor for vascular disease, particularly among African Americans. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study demonstrated that providing diets with 8-10 fruits and vegetables and 2-3 low-fat dairy foods per day significantly lowered blood pressure. A recent reanalysis showed even stronger effects for African Americans. Studies are needed to translate these findings into methods of effecting dietary change in high-risk populations.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1978

The analysis of interactions in experiments on the specificity of schizophrenic thought disorder: a reply to Phillips.

Phillips (1977) has criticized the investigation of statistical interactions in a series of related papers concerned with the specificity hypothesis of schizophrenic thought disorder. In a discussion of these criticisms, some are accepted and some rejected. However, when the relevant data are reanalysed by a correct method for the investigation of nominated interactions, the specificity hypothesis is broadly supported. A new finding to emerge from the reanalysis is that, in two experiments where level of 'difficulty' of constructs was controlled, the specificity effect appears much reduced or non-existent when intensity scores are employed while remaining intact for consistency scores.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗

PubMed1994

Thought suppression and smoking relapse: a secondary analysis of Haaga (1989).

Previous research indicates that use of cognitive coping strategies in high risk situations is positively correlated with smoking cessation maintenance. Basic research on self-control of unwanted thoughts, however, suggests that mental coping efforts involving thought suppression should be ineffective. We evaluated this possibility by rescoring the articulated thoughts transcripts of 95 subjects from a one-year prospective study of smoking relapse (Haaga, 1989). Frequent use of cognitive coping tactics for reframing high risk situations (e.g. reminding oneself of negative consequences of smoking) predicted greater likelihood of continuous abstinence in the following three months (49 per cent success for those above the sample median, 20 per cent for those below the median). This effect was marginally significant at a 12-month follow-up. By contrast, thought suppression showed no association with maintenance of non-smoking. Discussion focused on complications in applying laboratory research on thought suppression and on reanalysis of cognitive assessment protocols.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1990

Psychological adjustment, close relationships and personality: a comment on McLennan & Omodei.

McLennan & Omodei (1988) suggested that Cramer's (1985) of an association between psychological adjustment and the facilitativeness of a close relationship is primarily due to a general affective outlook in females. Their main measures of this outlook were extraversion and neuroticism, the latter of which is itself closely related to psychological adjustment. When their data were reanalyzed excluding neuroticism, facilitativeness was found to be substantially correlated with psychological wellbeing in both men and women, indicating that this association cannot be wholly explained in terms of a global evaluative orientation. A reanalysis of similar data from Henderson, Byrne & Duncan-Jones (1981) showed that psychiatric illness was still associated with the perceived adequacy of close attachments when extraversion was controlled.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2026

Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of DHX30-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Case Report and a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Whole exome sequencing (WES) has improved diagnostic rates for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) while introducing challenges in novel variant interpretation. DHX30-related NDD (DHX30-NDD) is a recently described condition with an evolving phenotypic spectrum. OBJECTIVES: To expand the understanding of the DHX30-NDD genotype-phenotype spectrum by integrating a case-based WES interpretation with a scoping review. METHODS: We performed comprehensive genetic analysis (karyotyping, microarray, WES) on a proband with global developmental delay (GDD). A systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar from database inception to April 2026 identified 10 publications including 51 individuals with DHX30-NDD. Clinical and genetic data were extracted to characterize the genotype-phenotype spectrum. RESULTS: The proband presented with GDD and right microtia, harbouring a de novo heterozygous pathogenic DHX30 missense variant (c.1478G > A; p.Arg493His), confirming DHX30-NDD. To our knowledge, this is the first reported individual with DHX30-NDD and microtia. The scoping review confirmed DHX30 variants are formed predominantly de novo and affected both sexes (22 males; 29 females). Hallmark manifestations were motor delay (50/51; 98.0%), GDD/ID (48/49; 98.0%), hypotonia (48/51; 94.1%), feeding difficulties (38/51; 74.5%), ataxia (17/23; 73.9%), abnormal brain imaging (36/49; 73.5%) and absent expressive language (35/48; 72.9%). Digital anomalies (31/51; 60.8%), eye anomalies (28/51; 54.9%), autistic behaviours (24/44; 54.5%), sleep disturbances (26/51; 51.0%), joint hypermobility (25/51; 49.0%), microcephaly (23/51; 45.1%) and ear anomalies (22/51; 43.1%) were also frequent. CONCLUSIONS: This study potentially expands the phenotypic spectrum of DHX30-NDD, highlights the clinical utility of WES for diagnosing GDD and underscores the importance of ongoing WES reanalysis for evolving variant interpretation.

DHX30↗

PubMed2025

EucaMOD: a comprehensive multi-omics database for functional genomics research and molecular breeding of fast-growing eucalyptus trees.

Eucalyptus, one of the most widely planted plantation tree species globally, is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions and contributes significantly to economic and social benefits. With advances in sequencing technologies, there is an increasing demand for the systematic analysis of multi-omics data among Eucalyptus species to enhance genetic breeding efforts. Although several early genomic databases have been established for eucalyptus, they have not been updated in a timely manner and lack recent multi-omics data, rendering them insufficient for current research needs. To address this gap, we developed the eucalyptus multi-omics database (EucaMOD, http://eucalyptusggd.net/eucamod), a comprehensive resource for cross-omics studies. In this study, we functionally annotated 45 eucalyptus genomes and structurally annotated 15, conducting comparative genomics and pan-proteomics analyses across all genomes. Additionally, we analyzed eucalyptus transcriptome, epigenome, and variome data through standardized workflows, enabling the in-depth mining and reanalysis of multi-omics datasets. EucaMOD is the most comprehensive multi-omics database for eucalyptus to date and includes data from 45 genomes (39 species), 870 mRNA-seq samples, 17 miRNA-seq samples, 52 epigenomic datasets (histone modifications and transcription factor binding), and genetic variation data from 1219 samples. To support functional genomics and molecular breeding research, the database is organized into the following 11 modules: Home, Species, Genomics, Comparative genomics, Pan-proteomics, Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, Variomics, Tools, Download, and Help. EucaMOD also offers online analysis tools for data mining, providing free public services to aid eucalyptus gene function and genetic engineering studies.

Eucalyptus↗

PubMed2000

1998 Distinguished Lecture: biomechanics of the microcirculation, an integrative and therapeutic perspective.

The microcirculation, integratively speaking, is distensible and contains 40%-50% of the total blood volume. Other than the mission of mass transport, the microcirculation and its endothelial cells have the role of regulation, signal transduction, proliferation, and repair. In this article, the emphasis is on the integrative role of the microcirculation on circulatory control and its therapeutic role on blood volume compensation. To introduce this topic, I first summarize the morphometry data on the blood volume distribution in the coronary, pulmonary, and mesentery circulation and then review the methodology developed in my laboratory to assess the microvascular volume change or shift of blood volume from microcirculation to macrocirculation. Evidence obtained through these studies indicates that the microcirculation can play a more important role as a reservoir to compensate for blood volume loss than the venous system. Reanalysis of published data also indicates that microvascular pooling, not hypovolemia, is the likely factor causing endotoxin shock or hypotension for hemodialysis patients. Understanding of the role of the microcirculation could lead to more effective diagnosis of cardiovascular deficiency and therapy for hypotension or low cardiac output with intervention through the microcirculation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Comparing F0 discrimination in sequential and simultaneous conditions.

In an influential study, Carlyon and Shackleton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 3541-3554 (1994)] measured listeners' performance (d') in fundamental-frequency (F0) discrimination between harmonic complex tones (HCTs) presented simultaneously in different spectral regions and compared their performance with that found in a sequential-comparison task. In this Letter, it is suggested that Carlyon and Shackleton's analysis of the simultaneous-comparison data did not adequately reflect their assumption that listeners were effectively comparing F0's across regions. A reanalysis consistent with this assumption is described. The new results suggest that under the assumption that listeners were effectively comparing F0 across regions, their performance in this task was substantially higher than originally estimated by Carlyon and Shackleton, and in some conditions much higher than expected from the performances measured in a traditional F0-discrimination task with sequential HCTs. Possible explanations for this outcome, as well as alternative interpretations, are proposed.

Discrimination, Psychological↗

PubMed1978

Growth function for human response to large-amplitude impulse noise.

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the use of C-weighted day/night level for the assessment of impulse noise such as the noise resulting from sonic boom, blast noise (artillery, armor, demolition, etc.) and other large-amplitude impulse sources. One remaining question pertaining to the use of C-weighting has been the growth function for human response to impulse noise. This question arises because work by Kryter and by Young using peak values and/or small amplitudes exhibited growth functions of 6--7dB for a doubling of annoyance, while the growth function for human response to common sources (planes, vehicles, etc.) increases by about 10 dB for a doubling of annoyance. Kyter's and Young's data are reanalyzed herein by using C-weighting and by including only large-amplitude data. This reanalysis results in a growth function for human response to impulse noise which increases by about 10 dB for a doubling of annoyance. This equality of growth function between common A-weighted noise and C-weighted impulse noise further supports the use of C-weighted day/night level for assessment of sonic boom, blast noise, or other large-amplitude impulse noises having similar spectral content.

Humans↗