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Results for “Protective Devices”

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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Visual acuity of the U.S. Navy jet pilot and the use of the helmet sun visor.

Visor wear habits, evaluative comments and vision test data were obtained from interviews of 126 Navy fighter pilots. The interviews revealed that many pilots use their helmet sun visor whenever they fly, some use it only during certain flight operations, and others never use it. Study 1 (conducted at 343 cd/m2) revealed a decrease in low contrast visual acuity attributable to helmet sun visor use in the presence of a glare source. These findings prompted a second study of the visual effects of visor transmittance. Low-contrast spot detection, acuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured at an operationally realistic daytime illumination level (6870 cd/m2) in subjects viewing through filters ranging from 6.3% to 50.1% transmission. (Standard visor transmission is 12 +/- 4%.) Results showed that filter density, and consequently the illuminance reaching the eyes, could be varied over a wide range without critically affecting these visual functions. Prevailing environmental illuminance should be considered when selecting sun visors or sunglasses. These results have implications for optimizing visual performance through visors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Utilization of masks by Hutterite farmers.

Respiratory symptomatology and pulmonary function tests were evaluated among 199 male Hutterites who utilized masks during farming and 159 Hutterites who did not use masks. Anthropometric and pulmonary function tests were comparable between the two groups. Symptomatology, including cough, phlegm, and wheezing were more prevalent among mask wearers compared to non-mask wearers. The prevalence of hayfever (p less than 0.02) and asthma (p less than 0.001) was greater among mask wearers vs non-mask wearers. Although the types and percent of individuals from each group raising crops and livestock were comparable, breathlessness, wheeze and fever were more common among the mask wearers. Thus farmers who suffered a higher incidence of symptoms as a consequence of farming are more likely to use masks.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Protection of the respiratory organs while working in the cold].

On the basis of new progressive anisotropic porous materials a mask with a recuperator which effectively heats the inhaled air by means of breathed-out air energy utilization has been created. The mask can decrease the load on human adaptation mechanism to unfavorable climatic effect of high latitudes where cold is a major unfavorable factor. Such a mask is a highly effective means of individual human protection from cold, providing the possibility to improve workers' labor conditions.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Air filtration: protection against respirable dust.

The principal health hazard associated with airborne dust is attributable to particles with aerodynamic diameters of a few micrometers or less, and filtration is, in principle, a good way of obtaining protection against such small particles. The elements of filtration theory can be deduced from simple arguments, which illustrate that it is difficult to remove particles that are 1 or 2 microns in diameter from air by filtration using a filter made from ordinary textile fibres. Either much finer or electrically charged fibres must be used and, in general, the latter solution is preferable. A number of different electrically charged filter materials exist, examples of which are materials that are charged triboelectrically, by corona, or by induction. The mechanism of action of these materials is described, along with conditions necessary for their successful use.

Air Pollution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye injuries in sports.

Of the 3,500 sports and recreational eye injuries reported in Canada over the past 15 years, 400 eyes remain legally blind. Most of the eye injuries could have been prevented. The activity causing most sports eye injuries varies from country to country. The sport causing most eye injuries in Canada is ice hockey. A study done in the 1970s by the Canadian Ophthalmological Society resulted in high stick rules and the wearing of certified face protectors by hockey players. The availability of certified eye protectors for racquet sports players has greatly reduced the incidence of eye injuries in racquetball and squash. Probably 90% of sports injuries can be prevented by modifying and enforcing game rules and by wearing certified eye protection.

Athletic Injuries↗