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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Placental pathology for the surgical pathologist.

Pathologic examination of the placenta is of clinical importance in the evaluation of pregnancies with a less than perfect outcome. Morphologic alterations of the placenta can mirror disorders of the fetus and the mother and evaluation of the placenta can identify clinically significant lesions, allow understanding of a child's disability and may have a role in resolving medical-legal disputes. Pathologic findings in the placenta can provide information on the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, or neurodevelopmental disorders. This review will cover a variety of frequently encountered, clinically important, and morphologically distinct disorders of the placenta. The current understanding of the clinical implications of lesions for the mother, infant, and for future pregnancies will also be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Chlamydia trachomatis in the endometrium: can surgical pathologists identify plasma cells?

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. The authors examined the relation between chronic endometritis, which they term plasma cell endometritis (PCE), and chlamydial infection using plasmid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of paraffin-embedded endometrial sections. C. trachomatis infection was detected in 5 (24%) of 21 cases of PCE and in 1 (4%) of histologically normal endometrium. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis (with plasma cells confirmed by methyl green pyronin staining) was correctly made in 74% of the cases originally diagnosed as PCE and in 23% of control cases originally diagnosed as normal. The authors conclude that the histopathologic finding of plasma cells in endometrial samples should encourage further examination for chlamydial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: approach for the surgical pathologist: recent advances and clarification of confused issues.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CTCLs) remain a subject of confusion and controversy. In this review, the authors discuss diagnostic criteria and classification, including the role of immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies. In addition, cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas, the current status of parapsoriasis and other premalignant syndromes, and the clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides are discussed. CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and a number of rare variants of CTCL including granulamatous slack skin, subcutaneous (panniculitic) T-cell lymphoma, gamma-delta cutaneous lymphoma, NK/NK-like T-cell lymphoma, and primary cutaneous CD8-positive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma are also considered.

Gene Rearrangement↗
PubMed2003

Inhibin immunohistochemical staining: a practical approach for the surgical pathologist in the diagnoses of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors.

Through a brief introduction of inhibin history, characteristics of the antibody against inhibin, and normal tissue distribution of alpha-inhibin expression, this comprehensive review focuses on a practical approach to using alpha-inhibin in the differential diagnosis of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs). Alpha-inhibin has become a most useful immunohistochemical marker of gonadal SCST, regardless if the tumors are primary, recurrent, or metastatic. However, pathologic diagnosis of individual SCST is still based largely on morphologic criteria. Alpha-inhibin immunohistochemical (IHC) staining should be used only when a difficult morphologic diagnosis is encountered. In this perspective, alpha-inhibin and other properly selected markers should be ordered at the same time. This is simply because alpha-inhibin is not specific for SCSTs. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of alpha-inhibin-positive cells, because a wide variety of primary and metastatic ovarian tumors may contain significant numbers of alpha-inhibin-positive stromal cells. As with other immunohistochemical stains, a panel of stains and comparison with the corresponding hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides is necessary, especially when staining patterns and cellular localization are in question. The antibody will not help to differentiate tumors within the category of SCST. The pattern or the intensity of staining in SCSTs does not predict tumor behavior, although there is a tendency of loss of alpha-inhibin expression in poorly differentiated Sertoli or Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. In cases where metastatic granulosa or Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are a concern, positive alpha-inhibin staining is diagnostic, but a negative result does not rule out metastatic disease. Calretinin has been recently recognized as a more sensitive, but less specific marker for SCSTs and it may be used to recognize an inhibin-negative SCST. In this review, we have listed nine of the most commonly encountered clinical scenarios where alpha-inhibin and other markers could be used in diagnostic surgical pathology of ovarian tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1977

Chronic hepatitis: a problem for the pathologist.

The accepted histological categories of chronic hepatitis are chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic active or aggressive hepatitis (CAH). A third form, chronic lobular hepatitis (CLH), encompasses those cases in which the lesion is predominantly within the lobules and in which portal and periportal inflammation are mild. CLH has many synonyms. International agreement on a reproducible and rational nomenclature of chronic hepatitis is still far from complete. CPH is characterized by portal inflammation. Histological definition is simple, but there are diagnostic pitfalls. The category may need subdivision on the basis of immunological studies. CAH should be regarded as a complex rather than a single disease, and it is important to specify the aetiology and pathological components in each instance. The concept of CAH must be altered to incorporate the lesion of bridging hepatic necrosis (BHN). Piecemeal necrosis, accompanied by inflammatory infiltration, is considered to be the most important of the various pathogenetic factors in CAH, but BHN probably plays a significant part in accelerating the development of cirrhosis. An excessive portal and periportal inflammatory reaction with or without BHN, in a liver biopsy taken during the course of an acute hepatitis, helps to predict a possible chronic course.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2007

Poorly differentiated tumours of the anal canal: a diagnostic strategy for the surgical pathologist.

Poorly differentiated malignancies affecting the anal canal are uncommon but pose diagnostic difficulties because of the wide range of normal cell types that may occur within a limited anatomical region. The range of lesions that may present as poorly differentiated tumours includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing epithelial cytokeratins and other patterns of mixed differentiation, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoma and secondary tumours. This review discusses the differential diagnosis of these neoplasms with the aid of short illustrative case studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗