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Steroids and the risk of breast cancer.

The search for major abnormalities as causes for breast cancer have not been successful, whether they have been directed to patients with this disease, different groups, or populations at risk. Anovulation or progesterone deficiency are not characteristic for those at risk for breast cancer or those patients with early breast cancer. In contrast, early-onset long-lasting ovulatory cycle function seems to be prevalent in different risk categories. Women with early menarche are additionally characterized by having higher serum estradiol and lower sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations than women with later menarche, at least during the early years of their fertile life. Estradiol is a central agent in the process of breast cancer appearance, and progesterone does not seem to have an opposing action. A decrease in the number of ovulatory cycles may exert a protective effect against breast cancer. If the decrease is affected by endocrine mechanisms maintaining breast ethelial stimulation comparable to that during the normal menstrual cycle, the protective effect would be nullified.

Age Factors↗

[GYNECOLOGY].

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Abortion, Threatened↗

Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users.

Serum progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and cortisol were assayed in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycles in 30 Lippe's loop and 30 Cu T-200 IUCD users, compared to 24 controls. Mean serum progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly higher in the mid-luteal, compared to the mid-follicular phase in each group (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the mean levels of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in IUCD users and controls in both the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases. IUCD users had significantly higher levels of estradiol (p less than 0.01) in the mid-luteal phase but not in the mid-follicular phase, compared to controls. There was hormonal evidence of corpus luteum insufficiency in 8.3%, 14.3% and 20% in the controls, Lippe's loop and Cu T-200 IUCD users, respectively.

Adolescent↗

A prospective study of drugs and pregnancy. 3. Hormones.

Results froma prospective study in Malmö performed in 1963-65 are used to discuss the possible role of hormonal drugs in human fetal maldevelopment. Appr. 2 per cent of all women had a child born were treated with gestagens during early pregnancy and slightly more had used Primodos as a pregnancy test. No harmful effect on embryonic development can be demonstrated.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

Hormonally exacerbated hereditary angioedema.

Hereditary angioedema is a rare disorder which is associated with an inherited deficiency of the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement. Genetic transmission occurs in an autosomal dominant manner. Affected patients are heterozygotes, and their deficiency is incomplete, many of them having up to 20% of the normal amount of the inhibitor. We describe two cases of C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency occurring in a mother and daughter in whom the symptoms appeared to be related to the menstrual cycle or the taking of the oral contraceptive pill. Although both features have been mentioned in the literature, to the best of our knowledge premenstrual exacerbations have not been documented previously. We examined the likely basis of hormonally exacerbated hereditary angioedema.

Adolescent↗