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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Serological characteristics within the genus Desulfovibrio.

Antisera were prepared against one strain each of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, D. vulgaris and D. salexigens. The antisera were tested for cross reactivity against 36 heterologous Desulfovibrio strains by both agglutination titration and by double immunodiffusion percipitin plates. Generally no cross-reaction was demonstrated by agglutination even between heterologous strains of the same species, suggesting that the surface antigens of Desulfovibrio are highly specific. In immunodiffusion plates a single apparently genus-specific surface antigen could be shown to be present in all but two of the strains tested. Although other common precipitin bands showed the presence of some antigens common between heterologous strains these appeared to be randomly distributed among the strains tested, with the exception of one band shown to be generally specific to strains of D. salexigens. With this exception no other precipitin band could be shown to be consistently specific to any other species, nor consistently common to more than one species.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Skin test-active substance prepared from culture filtrate of Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Ethanol-precipitated substance (EP) was prepared from culture filtrate of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. EP was separated into two components by passing through a Sephadex G-50 column; the faster passing component was referred to as EP-1, the slower as EP-2. EP-1 and EP-2 were evaluated as an antigen for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in patients with chromomycosis. EP-1 elicited positive delayed skin reactions in all of 8 patients with chromomycosis, of which 7 caused by F. pedrosoi and one by Exophiala jeunselmei. Healthy subjects, patients with sporotrichosis and patients with tinea barbae failed to react to EP-1. These results indicate that EP-1 is a useful tool for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in patients with chromomycosis caused by F. pedrosoi. It was found that precipitin test using EP-1 as an antigen had little diagnostic value in chromomycosis. EP-2 did not show antigenic activity in both skin and precipitin reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated immune responses in mice infected with Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Time course of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice infected with Fonsecaea pedrosoi was investigated by using an antigen prepared from culture filtrate of this fungus. Mice were infected by intravenous injection with yeast-like cells of the fungus. Viable fungus was recovered from the brain of the infected mice until the 36th day after inoculation, and from the other organs examined until 14th to 16th day. Inflammatory lesions were observed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine during the first 30 days after inoculation. Macrophage migration inhibition factor response in these mice was insignificant until 8 days after inoculation. A significant response was developed at day 10 and persisted until day 63. This response returned negative by 95 days after inoculation. Lymphocyte transformation response of these mice was negative until 4 days after inoculation. At day 6 blastogenic index increased to 1.5, and at day 10, 14 and 16 the indices were 1.8, 2.4 and 1.7 respectively. Precipitin response to this fungus could not be detected in these mice until 16 days after inoculation, Positive results were obtained at day 21 and lasted until 51 days after inoculation. The precipitin titers, however, did not exceed one fold in any of these mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative study of immunoelectrophoresis (IEF) and immunoelectroosmophoresis-immunodiffusion (IEOF-ID) used in the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis].

Immunoelectroporesis (IEF) and immunoelectroosmophoresis-immunodiffusion (IEOP-ID) (1) were comparatively used in the diagnosis of 16 patients with mycologically proved paracocidioidomycosis. In IEF, 5 different precipitin arcs were found and identified with arabic numbers. Arc. '1', cathodic, present in all the patients, is assimilated to specific arcs previously described by other authors. In IEOP-ID both 'cathodic' and 'anodic' arcs were observed in all the sera. A high number of precipitin arcs were revealed by IEOP-ID technique in comparison to IEF in every case. This should be due to the presence of cathodic arcs 'I' and '2' of the immunoelectrophoregram at both sides of the IEOP-ID preparate.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative enzymatic study of two strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and of A. fischeri of sapropytic origin or isolated from human or animal lesions: practical diagnostic applications].

14 enzymatic activities (3 dehydrogenases and 11 hydrolases) were systematically investigated in the extracts of 2 strains of Aspergillus fischeri and 14 strains of A. fumigatus (8 isolated from human or animal lesions named 'pathogenic' strains and 6 strains of saprophytic origin). The enzymic composition of A. fumigatus appeared to be very different from one strain to another but no relationships could be established between enzymic differences and origin of the strains. In addition, the immunoelectrophoretic analysis of these antigenic extracts using rabbits immunsera and sera of patients with pulmonary asperigllosis was performed. The type II chymotrypsic activity, corresponding to C arc, was shown more frequently and gave stronger reaction when antigenic extracts from pathogenic strains were allowed to react with sera of patients. Moreover, when sera of patients revealed a same enzymic activity in a saprophytic strain and a pathogenic strain, the number of precipitin lines was significantly larger with the latter one. Accordingly, antigenic extracts used for precipitin tests had to be preferably prepared from pathogenic strains and tested, for value, against sera of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the antigen from chlamydospores of Candida albicans in the serodiagnosis of candidiasis.

Antigens have been prepared from the chlamydospores and blastospores of Candida albicans and their precipitin patterns were analysed by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using specific antisera. The two antigens were used in routine serological tests of patients suffering from candidiasis. On double-diffusion tests for the detection of circulating antibodies of Candida albicans, the antigen from chlamydospores displays precipitin lines that differ in number and intensity from those obtained with the antigen from blastospores. The results are briefly discussed in the framework of C. albicans antigen standardization.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1975

Familial hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Two families are described in which seven members of a total of 19 were found to have hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to exposure to avian antigens. Diagnosis was made on the basis of characteristic roentgenologic changes together with respiratory function and immunologic studies. The latter included screening for precipitins, macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) to specific antigens in avian serum and droppings, quantitation of immunoglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels and assessment of the complement system. Specific precipitins to pigeon and/or budgerigar serum were found in the serum of only four of the seven patients. Six of these seven patients, however, had a positive MMI. Thus, the MMI test, at least in this group of patients appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of active disease. The finding of seven members of two families with disease led to a search for predisposing factors, either genetic or environmental. Evidence for a genetic predisposition came from tissue typing studies. In the first family, both paternal haplotypes were associated with disease; the maternal haplotype HLA3,7 was not inherited by any child with disease. In the second family, the disease developed in three of four members with the haplotype HL-A2,W15, who were significantly exposed to avian antigen. In the light of recent studies showing an association between immune response (Ir) genes, histocompatibility antigens and disease susceptibility, these findings were interpreted as possible evidence for a subtle genetically linked immune defect in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Evidence for an environmental predisposition was less clear cut, but it is interesting that members of both families used a gamma isomer of hexachlorobenzene (Nickoff) to eradicate mite infestations in their birds which might have damaged the bronchial mucosa or acted as an immunologic adjuvant in a person with underlying susceptibility to disease. The presence of subclinical respiratory disease in two family members is reported, and the importance of performing a range of investigations of respiratory function in order to detect disease and monitor its progress is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Propionibacterium acnes: pathogen in central nervous system shunt infection. Report of three cases including immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Propionibacterium acnes is a pleomorphic gram-positive anaerobic rod usually isolated as a contaminant from skin. We report three cases of P. acnes infection of central nervous system shunts for hydrocephalus. The organism was seen repeatedly on gram stain in a specimen of shunt fluid in all three cases; initially, it was regarded as a contaminant. In addition, two of the patients had precipitins to extracts of their organism. Serum from normal control subjects had no such precipitins. One of the patients had an immune-complex glomerulonephritis--an entity not previously associated with anaerobic organisms. All three patients recovered after removal of the shunt and treatment with antibiotics. P. acnes is a significant pathogen in patients with central nervous system shunts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pneumococcal typing by polyvalent counterimmunoelectrophoresis (PIE).

A one-step polyvalent counterimmunoelectrophoresis (PIE) method for the typing of pneumococci is describe. Only one antiserum is used (omniserum, containing antibodies to greater than 80 pneumococcal types) and it is not necessary to stock large numbers of monospecific typing sera. By observing reactions of identity between the precipitin lines produced by the pneumococcus under test, and the specific capsular polysaccharide precipitin lines in a reference pattern produced by the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine 'Pneumovax', a cumulative percentage of 64.6% of pneumococcal types isolated could be typed. The method is simple, reproducible, inexpensive and provides a permanent stained record.

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis↗
PubMed1983

Spot immunoprecipitate assay in gel compared with immune reactions in solution and applied to antibody titration.

Precipitation profiles of spot immunoprecipitate assay (SIA) reactions in gel are shown to have characteristics analogous to classic precipitin curves representing such immune reactions in solution. Thus SIA profiles of precipitated human albumin (HSA) and anti-HSA as checkerboard analysis permit: (1) determination of optimal proportions of antibody and antigen, (2) titration of antiserum as to antigen-binding capacity and (3) estimation of the concentration of specific antibody in an antiserum. The validity of the method was confirmed by similar results already reported for precipitin analysis of anti-HSA in solution. The stained protein assay method for determination of total protein used for the calculations had a reliable (r = 0.9979) working range for quantification between 0.1 and 0.83 microgram protein in 3 microliters samples (greater than or equal to 0.03 g/l). Study of SIA profiles in the extreme antibody excess region confirmed the validity of SIA quantification. The high sensitivity of SIA as compared with radial immunodiffusion is related to high ratios (8-9) of antibody to antigen; the reliable detection limit for SIA is 10 mg/l in a 3 microliters sample. SIA is easy to perform with simple laboratory equipment, allows measurement of any precipitable antigen with very small amounts of reactants, and gives results within an hour.

Albumins↗
PubMed1995

Interaction of native and asialo rat sublingual glycoproteins with lectins.

The binding properties of the rat sublingual glycoprotein (RSL) and its asialo product with lectins were characterized by quantitative precipitin(QPA) and precipitin inhibition(QPIA) assays. Among twenty lectins tested for QPA, native RSL reacted well only with Artocarpus integrifolia (jacalin), but weakly or not at all with the other lectins. However, its asialo product (asialo-RSL) reacted strongly with many Gal and GalNAc specific lectins-it bound best to three of the GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr (Tn) and/or Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II) active lectins [jacalin, Wistaria floribunda and Ricinus communis agglutinins] and completely precipitated each of these three lectins. Asialo-RSL also reacted well with Abrus precatorius, Glycine max, Bauhinia purpurea alba, and Maclura pomifera agglutinins, and abrin-a, but not with Arachis hypogeae and Dolichos biflorus agglutinins. The interaction between asialo-RSL and lectins were inhibited by either Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc, p-NO2-phenyl alpha-GalNAc or both. The mapping of the precipitation and inhibition profiles leads to the conclusion that the asialo rat sublingual glycoprotein provides important ligands for II (Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->) and Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr) active lectins.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical use of immunoelectrophoresis of split ejaculates. I. Variation of patterns due to antisera.

As a preliminary investigation for the clinical application of immunoelectrophoresis of ejaculate in the diagnosis of male reproductive organ diseases, variations of immunoelectrophoretic patterns in normal subjects due to the difference of antigenicity between split ejaculates were demonstrated with rabbit antisera. Fresh samples and antisera against them gave larger numbers of and more intense precipitin lines than in stored samples. The precipitin lines developed by acid phosphatase were most remarkable between first portion of ejaculate (F1) and anti-F1, whereas the line caused by protein from the seminal vesicle was most prominent between the remainder of the ejaculate following F1 (F2) and anti-F2.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunochemical studies of conjugates of isomaltosyl oligosaccharides to lipid: production and characterization of mouse hybridoma antibodies specific for stearyl-isomaltosyl oligosaccharides.

Twelve C57BL/6J hybridoma clones, 9, 2 and 1 from mice immunized with stearyl-isomaltotetraose, stearyl-isomaltopentaose and stearyl-isomaltohexaose respectively were characterized. Seven produced IgA and 5 IgM. The specificities and sizes of their combining sites were determined by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assays. All 12 hybridoma antibodies precipitated with alpha 1----6 dextran B512 and linear dextran LD7, indicating that they recognize an internal -Glc alpha 1----6Glc alpha 1----6Glc- determinant. This in contrast with the results with rabbit antisera obtained in response to the same immunogen which recognize the non-reducing terminal determinant Glc alpha 1----6Glc alpha 1----6Glc-. Of the 12 hybridoma antibodies, 1 has an antibody combining site complementary to 4 alpha 1----6-linked glucoses while others have combining sites complementary to isomaltohexaose or isomaltoheptaose. The large combining-site sizes found in C57BL/6 hybridoma clones may be related to the pre-existing clonal repertoire in this strain. Binding constants of monomers of these antibodies for dextran B512 and isomaltoheptaose determined by affinity electrophoresis range from 1.4 X 10(3) to 4.6 X 10(5) ml/g and from 1.2 X 10(3) to 3.5 X 10(4) M-1 respectively, which is consistent with previous studies in the anti-dextran B512 system. The use of synthetic glycolipids as antigens enables us to study the gene control of antibody responses to glycolipids and to investigate the combining-site specificities of antibodies to a single antigenic determinant. Results so far show that all 12 hybridoma proteins are different despite the simplicity of the antigens. The findings provide further insight into the specificity of antibody combining sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Defining carbohydrate specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin as Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II) > Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc (I) > Gal alpha 1-->3Gal (B) > Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc (T).

To define carbohydrate specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1), the combining site of RCA1 was further characterized by quantitative precipitin (QPA) and precipitin-inhibition assays (QPIA). Among the oligosaccharides tested for QPIA, Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II, human blood group type II precursor sequence) was found to be 7.1 times more active than Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc (T, Thomsen-Friedenreich sequence) and about 1.7 times more active than the other three disaccharides tested--Gal beta 1-->4Man, Gal beta 1-->3DAra and Gal beta 1-->6GalNAc. Gal alpha 1-->4Gal, the receptor of the uropathogenic E. coli ligand was 3.6 times less active than the II sequence. These results indicate that the beta 1-->4 linkage of the terminal Gal to subterminal GlcNAc is important as this beta 1-->4GlcNAc sequence is at least 1.6 times more active than other types of disaccharides. Among the glycoproteins examined for QPA, native and desialized bovine submandibular glycoproteins, native and desialized human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoproteins, as well as crude hog stomach mucin and its three mild acid hydrolyzed products reacted well with the lectin. These glycoproteins precipitated over 75% of the lectin nitrogen added indicating that RCA1 has the ability to recognize Gal beta 1-->4/3GlcNAc and/or the related residues at the non-reducing ends and at positions in the interior of the chains. However, Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr sequence) rich glycoproteins such as desialized ovine submandibular glycoprotein and desialized armadillo salivary glycoprotein, in which over 90% of the carbohydrate side chains are Tn determinants with none or only a trace of I/II or T determinants, precipitated poorly with RCA1. From the present and previous results obtained, the carbohydrate specificity of RCA1 can be constructed and summarized in decreasing order by lectin determinants as follows: II (Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc) > I (Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc) > E (Gal alpha 1-->4Gal) and B (Gal alpha 1-->3Gal) > T (Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc), while Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr) is a poor inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Forssman antigenicity of chemically synthesized globopentaose.

The Forssman antigenicity of a chemically synthesized globopentaose was studied. Globopentaose at 40 ng showed strong inhibitory activity for the formation of a precipitin line between globopentaosylceramide (Forssman glycolipid) and anti-Forssman rabbit antiserum, while much more pentasaccharide (7 and 100 micrograms, respectively) was required to inhibit a 50% quantitative precipitin reaction and a hemolysis reaction. An immune complex of the 3H-labeled globopentaose with anti-Forssman antibody was hardly formed. Thus, the chemically synthesized globopentaose possesses the same antigenic specificity as globopentaosylceramide but it is difficult to achieve a stable complex with Forssman antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunochemical studies on dextran-specific and levan-specific myeloma proteins from NZB mice.

Two dextran-specific (PC 3858 and PC 3936) and one levan-specific (PC 3660) NZB myeloma proteins were studied by quantitative precipitin and precipitin-inhibition assays. Both myeloma antidextrans were alphaD-(1 leads to 6) specific and precipitated strongly with a synthetic, linear dextran, molecular weight 35,500, and with other dextrans. The two myeloma antidextrans differed with respect to their relative reactivities with dextrans containing various proportions of alpha-D-(1 leads to 6), alpha-D-(1 leads to 4)-like, and alpha-D-(1 leads to 3)-like linkages. In inhibition assays, the two antidextran myeloma proteins behaved differently from each other, from alpha-D-(1 leads to 6)-specific BALB/c myeloma antidextrans, and from the human antidextrans previously studied. Isomalto-oligosaccharides IM3, IM4, and IM5 were all equal in inhibitory power but were only about 60% as potent as IM6 and IM7, which also inhibited equally on a molar basis. Although precipitation with linear dextran suggests that both may have groove-type sites, as previously inferred for QUPC 52, the size of their combining sites is uncertain. It is not clear whether the sites are only as big as three glucose residues with the increased inhibition by six and seven glucose residues being attributable to partial bivalence and to their ability to combine in several ways along the chain, or whether the site is as big as six glucose residues with the increment in binding by the fourth and fifth glucose residues being minimal and the sixth contributing considerable additional binding-energy. The fructan-specific myeloma protein did not react with inulin, but reacted with many levans and with perennial rye-grass levan containing only beta-D-(2 leads to 6) links. The levan-antilevan reaction was not inhibited by beta-D-(2 leads to 1)- linked oligosaccharides. The findings suggest that PC 3660 has a specificity for (2 leads to 6)-linked chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia lectin-I, isolectin A4, reacting with Tn (Ga1NAc alpha1 --> Ser/Thr) or galabiose (Ga1 alpha1 --> 4Ga1) containing ligands.

Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia lectin-I, isolectin A4(GS I-A4) reacting with the Tn(GalNAc alpha1 --> Ser/Thr) sequence or human blood group Pk active disaccharide (E, Gal alpha1 --> 4Gal, galabiose) was studied by quantitative precipitin (QPA) and precipitin-inhibition assays. When human blood group P1 or Tn active glycoproteins were tested by QPA, GS I-A4 reacted strongly with both the Tn active glycoproteins purified from asialo porcine, ovine and armadillo submandibular glands and a P1 active glycoprotein isolated from sheep hydatid fluid. They precipitated over 80% of the lectin nitrogen added. The asialo porcine salivary glycoprotein-GS I-A4 interaction was inhibited by both Tn containing glycopeptides and Gal alpha1 --> 4Gal indicating that GS I-A4 not only reacts with human blood group A(GalNAc alpha1 --> 3Gal) and B(Gal alpha1 --> 3Gal) active disaccharides, but also recognizes the Tn sequence and the E(Gal alpha1 --> 4-Gal) ligand. From these results, the carbohydrate specificity of GS I-A4 can be defined as A, Tn > or = B and E.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Detection and localization of specific antigens in the reproductive tracts of cycling, pregnant, and ovariectomized hamsters.

A systematic search was made for components specific to the female reproductive tract in golden hamsters. Antisera produced in rabbits against saline homogenates of hamster uteri (collected on the night of estrus) cross-reacted extensively with extracts of 12 other tissues in agar gel double-diffusion assays. Absorption of the antisera with small intestine, lung, and liver rendered the immune sera specific for uterine and oviductal antigens (within the limits of the sensitivity of the precipitin assays). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis resolved 12 uterine antigens, many of which were similar to components in several other tissues. Absorbed antisera specific for reproductive tract antigens formed one postalbumin arc with uterine and oviductal extracts in immunoelectrophoretic studies. No reactions were detected between specific antisera and five other organ extracts or plasma. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was used to detect changes in the distribution of specific antigens in reproductive tracts of cycling, pregnant, and ovariectomized hamsters. The gamma-globulin fraction of anti-uterus sera (absorbed with small intestine, lung, and liver), shown to be specific for reproductive tract tissues in precipitin tests, was used to localize antigens. Appropriate controls indicated that the fluorescence observed was due to antigen-antibody interactions. During the cycle, specific antigens were usually confined to the ampullary lamina propria, except during estrus, when they were prominent in the lamina propria and luminal epithelium of the ampula. Specific antigens were never abundant in the isthmus of nonpregnant hamsters. On day 1 postcoitum, the components were found throughout the ampullary and isthmic regions. By day 2 postcoitum, ampullary antigens were usually confined to the lamina propria. The specific components were not prominent in the oviduct on day 3 postcoitum, but were conspicuous in both ampulla and isthmus on day 4. Specific antigens in the uterus were confined to endometrial glands in nonpregnant animals during proestrus, estrus, and (occasionally) metestrus. Diestrous uteri contained no specific antigens. During the first 2 days of pregnancy, antigens were not abundant and were usually confined to the glands and stroma. On days 3 and 4 of pregnancy the specific antigens were prominent in the endometrial glands and stroma and along the apical borders of some luminal epithelial cells. By day 5, these components were less conspicuous in all areas of the endometrium. Uteri of spayed animals receiving no hormones or estradiol alone lacked the specific antigens. However, progesterone (after estrogen priming) promoted the appearance of these components, and the distribution resembled that seen in uteri of 3- and 4-day pregnant animals.

Animals↗