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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling.

Conventional lasers (from table-top systems to microscopic devices) typically operate in the so-called weak-coupling regime, involving large numbers of atoms and photons; individual quanta have a negligible impact on the system dynamics. However, this is no longer the case when the system approaches the regime of strong coupling for which the number of atoms and photons can become quite small. Indeed, the lasing properties of a single atom in a resonant cavity have been extensively investigated theoretically. Here we report the experimental realization of a one-atom laser operated in the regime of strong coupling. We exploit recent advances in cavity quantum electrodynamics that allow one atom to be isolated in an optical cavity in a regime for which one photon is sufficient to saturate the atomic transition. The observed characteristics of the atom-cavity system are qualitatively different from those of the familiar many-atom case. Specifically, our measurements of the intracavity photon number versus pump intensity indicate that there is no threshold for lasing, and we infer that the output flux from the cavity mode exceeds that from atomic fluorescence by more than tenfold. Observations of the second-order intensity correlation function demonstrate that our one-atom laser generates manifestly quantum (nonclassical) light, typified by photon anti-bunching and sub-poissonian photon statistics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Ab initio calculation of the C/D ratio of magnetic circular dichroism.

A procedure for calculating the magnetic circular dichroism C/D ratio from density functional theory calculations is discussed. The method is simplified considerably through the application of group theory and the irreducible-tensor method and only requires integrals of the magnetic dipole moment operator over a few orbitals and published tables of symmetry factors. The implementation of the method is tested through application to several small and medium-sized molecules.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Homologous veins as an arterial substitute: long-term results.

From 1968 through 1982, 129 homologous vein grafts were used in 91 patients in the following positions: 75 in the femoropopliteal, tibial, or peroneal artery; 38 in the aortocoronary artery; 13 in the aortopulmonary artery; and one each in the atrioventricular fistula, carotid-subclavian artery, and brachial-radial artery. In the lower extremity patency ranged from 0 to 121 months (mean 22.4 +/- 4.4 months). All grafts were performed for limb salvage, and 75% of the patients had undergone previous operations. Cumulative patency by the life-table method showed that while 50% of grafts occluded by 1 year, 60% of the remaining grafts continued to be functional for more than 5 years. Fifty percent of the aortocoronary bypass grafts studied were occluded at 1 year. Eight of the 13 systemic pulmonary artery shunts were patent at time of death, revision, or total correction. Multiple revisions and thrombectomies are required to maintain patency of homograft veins. The outcome is variable and unpredictable. The inconsistency is due to the antigenicity of the graft. If one is committed to the necessary efforts required to ensure long-term patency, the homologous saphenous vein is a suitable substitute when autogenous tissue is unavailable.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Initially alloperfused autograft: an experimental study with rat groin free flap.

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of alloperfusion on autografts. The authors designed an experimental model to study flap viability during and after alloperfusion. They performed 23 free groin flap transfers on 46 rats. The flap was transferred as an autograft; however, the anastomosis was performed as an allograft procedure. After the operation, animals were held together on a table for observation. The rats were randomly divided into two groups depending on whether or not a steroid was given. They were fed by hand. At the end of the various waiting periods, the pedicles were divided, and animals were separated from each other. The survival of the flap and the animal was observed. No flaps survived in the untreated group. Seven flaps in the steroid-treated group that had their connections cut before 140 hours also did not survive. Five flaps that had their pedicles cut after 140 hours survived. Results are presented and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic-assisted reduction of anterior table frontal sinus fractures.

In this study, we examined salvage operations after reexploration in head and neck reconstruction and analyzed ways to solve problems. Free flap reconstruction of the head and neck lesion was carried out for 513 cases in our hospital over the past 12 years. Twenty-one cases of reexploration were caused by postoperative thrombosis (4.1%). We could only salvage seven cases (33.3%) of 21 cases from flap thrombosis. All seven cases were included in the category of venous thrombosis, and they were undertaken within 3 days postoperatively. Our results have shown that once thrombosis occurs, there is little possibility of flap salvage, particularly 3 days after operation and in infectious cases. When no flow phenomena are observed and no flap salvage is deemed possible, aggressive treatment such as a second free flap or next pedicle flap should be chosen as soon as possible to avoid any delay in postoperative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Optical density changes of Gafchromic MD-55 film resulting from laser light exposure at wavelengths of 671 nm and 633 nm.

Laser-based scanners provide a sensitive means for measuring optical density (OD) of Gafchromic films. Such instruments were reviewed in a recent AAPM report (task group 55) which provided recommendations and information on OD measurements (effect of wavelength, temperature, etc.). The present article reports that variable rate scanners and spot densitometers using laser diodes (671 nm) and HeNe lasers (633 nm) can cause polymerization of Gafchromic film. The light induced polymerization depends on light power, wavelength, beam spot size, dwell time, and prior radiation dose of the film. Measurements were made with a custom built scanner that provided accurate control of light power, light polarization, dwell time, and film position in relation to the beam focus. The results demonstrate that lasers operating with powers of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mW produce a nonlinear increase in OD of Gafchromic film. The measured change in OD after 1 min of exposure ranges from 0.150 to 0.244 for a laser diode operating at 0.5 and 1.5 mW, respectively. Tables are included that tabulate the increase in OD for laser power, dwell time, and prior dose. Laser light induced polymerization can have a significant impact on dosimetry measurements acquired using these laser-based systems.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Quality assurance breast phantoms for screen-film mammography: design and use.

Used properly, well-designed breast phantoms are a very useful part of the mammography QA program. However, they should be designed specifically for the purpose. The principles involved are discussed and illustrated by the design of the unit shown in figure 1. QA phantoms also must be applied appropriately. Procedures are described for checking the consistency of film density, evaluating image quality, and checking phototimer operation. The simple film density measurement test (table 2) also provides a useful check on the constancy of patient dose levels. However, errors may result when QA phantoms are used for dosimetry, primarily because their composition differs from that of the mixture BR12, which is usually taken as the standard for dosimetry measurement. Procedures are described for computing average glandular dose, as well as measuring the two required quantities: the beam HVL and the exposure in air required for proper film density.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Fresh femoral shaft fractures treated with un-reamed intramedullary nail: 203 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the experience treating fresh femoral shaft fractures with un-reamed intramedullary nail. METHODS: 203 cases of fresh femoral shaft fractures who had been treated with un-reamed intramedullary nail from November. 1995 to January. 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. 18 cases were open, classified as Gustilo I, and. 185 cases were closed. Traction table and image intensifier were used during operation. Closed reduction, un-reamed and free hand distal locking technique were used. Active movements of nearby joints were encouraged and partial weight bearing of 10 - 15 kg were allowed right after operation. RESULTS: All 203 cases of fresh femoral shaft fractures got bone union within 4 - 6 months. No case of delayed union and infection happened. 1 distal locking screw was broken. All patients gained normal extremity functions. CONCLUSION: Un-reamed intramedullary nailing of fresh femoral shaft fracture has less damage to the local soft tissue and blood supply. It has a relative stable fracture fixation, and less interruption to the healing procedure. It is one of the best methods for treating femoral fracture.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study on human reaction of determination and performance in virtual environment].

OBJECTIVE: To study factuality of ergonomic experimental data from subjects performing virtual environment wearing head mounted display (HMD) and data gloves, so as to improve the reliability of the application of virtual reality in manned spaceflight (e.g. human-machine interface design scheme ergonomic evaluation, and virtual training). METHOD: Experiment in a virtual module is designed and implemented on the virtual reality ergonomic experimental system. First, pre-experiments are done to determine the different levels of objects to be operated and the height of a virtual table which is in the virtual module. On the basis of the pre-experiments, the formal experiments are completed. In addition, a virtual reality questionnaire (VRQ) is developed and employed in order to assess subjective impressions of the virtual environment. RESULT: Normal distribution of performing time is shown when a virtual sphere is put into a drawer of standard cabinet of virtual module on a front table by subjects wearing HMD, its mean value being 36.72 s and variance being 13.798 s. By VRQ analysis, about 70.2% of the subjects thought that HMD has a good stereo quality, they can be immersed in the virtual module. CONCLUSION: When virtual reality is applied in ergonomic evaluation or virtual training, the HMD and data glove of the system would satisfy the requirements of human-computer interaction, so that human performance can be analogized and corresponding truth of experimental result can be achieved.

Data Display↗
PubMed1990

Chinese patients with transient ischemic attacks.

In 123 cases of transient ischemic attacks, 72 were followed up for 22 years. The percentage of complete stroke was 46.5% and the fatality rate 47.9%. Causes of death, survival rate by life table, limitation of indication of neurovascular surgical operation and rehabilitation of survived patients were studied. The causes of death were mainly cerebral strokes. The long-term follow-up showed that the range for neurovascular surgical operation was limited to only 17.9%. The 95% confidence interval of the 20-year survival rate was 17.7-53.6%. Ninety-four, 48 and 44 cases were examined by B-mode Doppler tomography, cerebral CT scanning and echocardiography, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Hepatic resection guided by B-mode ultrasonography].

From December 1987 to July, 1988, ultrasonically guided hepatic resection was performed for primary liver cancer in 12 cases and benign liver tumor in 11 cases. No patient died on table and in 30 days after the operation. Among postoperative complications were hepatic coma in one case, pleural effusions in 3 and bile leaks in 2. Our results showed that the intraoperative B-mode ultrasound could not only demonstrate the number, size and boundary of the lesions but also locate the course of the intrahepatic conduit system and its 3-dimensional relation with the lesions. It was, therefore, very helpful in dealing with the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Primary retroperitoneal tumours, in the material of our department.

After giving a brief survey of the literature, the authors discuss the symptomatology, diagnostics and management of retroperitoneal tumours. Four of their own cases treated between 1979 and 1985 summarized in tables are presented. All of them were operated and three of them received irradiation therapy. The fate of the first patient is unknown. The second patient survived for 24 months following the first operation, with additional three operations and irradiation on two occasions for recurrence of tumour. The third patient survived for 5 months. In the fourth, it could be revealed by ultrasound and angiography that the retroperitoneal tumour was independent of the kidney. Thus, the intact left kidney was preserved during operation. The patient died three months postoperatively at the department of pulmonology. The histological finding of the tumours of all patients was a malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin, a type of sarcoma. Based on their experiences, the authors stress the importance of the early recognition and removal of the tumour, since the patients have a poor chance of surviving these extremely malignant sarcomas in spite of the surgical and irradiation therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Algorithm for extracorporal blood glucose regulation (author's transl)].

A control mechanism is described, based on a simple proportional/differential regulation. The calculation takes one minute and it takes into account glucose degradation, insulin half life in vivo, and the delay between blood sampling and insulin action on the blood glucose value. This is repeated continuously every minute (short time mode) or every 5 minutes or more (long time mode), depending on the rate of change of the blood glucose. Operator decision is based on digitally converted tables, which are analogous to the graph of proportional control, and on glucose equivalent tables, which give the insulin effect on glucose as a function of time.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of fatal postoperative embolism using risk assessment tables and Greenfield filters].

The prevention of fatal post-operative pulmonary embolism requires a fair assessment of the risk. We have drawn up a score chart, applicable to the specific cases of arteritic amputation; based on the retrospective study of 45 cases operated on between 1977-1980. This chart was recorded on micro-computer, and used for the 20 cases of amputation in 1981. In the high risk cases, a caval Greenfield filter was applied in a prophylactic capacity: 4 patients were equipped with a filter. There was no case of pulmonary embolism in this group, whereas 4 patients had died of massive embolism between 1977-1980. The programme used means a progressive improvement of the score relative to the new case-histories studied. It may be quickly adapted to other cases of potentially high-risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Thrombendarterectomy in aorto-iliac occlusive disease].

An overview is given of the history and operative techniques of open and semiclosed thrombendarterectomy (TEA) for aortoiliac obstructive disease. The second part of the paper reviews the long-term results of 514 aortoiliac TEA's performed in 415 patients between 1959 and 1972. The data were prospectively acquired and the analysis was done on a retrospective basis. Median follow-up was over 15 years. Open and semiclosed TEA were performed on 167 and 347 limbs respectively. Hospital mortality was 1.2% and operative morbidity 11.1%. The overall life-table patency rate at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years was 93.4%, 90.4%, 84.2% and 69.5% respectively. Patency rate depended on significant factors: open versus semiclosed method (p < 0.04), anatomic localization: common iliac artery versus external iliac artery (p < 0.0004), preexisting stage of occlusive disease: stage II versus stage IV (p < 0.008), and gender: female versus male (p < 0.007). Patient's age was not a predictive factor on patency. The limb salvage rate was greater than 90% even in long-term follow-up. We conclude that in aortoiliac obstructive disease both open and semiclosed TEA give highly satisfactory long-term results with low mortality and morbidity rates.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Public health core functions--Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Wisconsin, 1993.

The three core functions of public health are assessment, policy development, and assurance. Within these core functions, CDC has identified 10 basic public health practices that are integral to the operation of state and local health agencies (Table 1). As a part of assessing the core functions of public health, public health officials at local health departments in six states (Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Wisconsin) were surveyed in 1993 by the state local liaison affiliates of the Association of State and Territorial Local Health Liaison Officials, the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and CDC. This report summarizes the findings from this survey.

Alabama↗
PubMed1993

Management of obstructing lesions of the left colon by resection, on-table lavage, and primary anastomosis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of single-stage resection, on-table lavage, and primary anastomosis in patients presenting with obstruction of the left colon. METHODS: The outcome of surgery in 73 consecutive patients presenting with obstruction of the left colon during a 5-year period was assessed in terms of perioperative complications and long-term survival. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (86%) underwent single-stage restorative procedures. In this group there were four clinical anastomotic leaks (6%). However, there were no deaths as a result of leakage. There were four deaths (6%) but these were not due to anastomotic leakage. Long-term survival rates compared favorably, stage for stage, with large published series of elective experience. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that resection, on-table lavage, and primary anastomosis constitute the operation of choice for most patients with acute obstruction of the left colon.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of indications for cesarean sections in the Obstetric-gynecologic Ward of the provincial hospital in Ciechanow in the years 1986-1994].

The authors have made attempts to show analysis of cesarean section' indications in the Obstetric-Gynecological Ward of the provincial hospital in Ciechanów within the years 1986-1994. There have been 18,362 deliveries during this period of time, 2769 (15.1%) of which have been finished by c.s. We have made our tables and estimations basing mainly on the operation records and the records of labor. The analyses have revealed the increase of the c.s. number because of gestosis in multiple gestations and non-obstetric indications in our ward. The greatest group in this period of time were parturients with one or more c.s. in history. To diminish the number of this parturients could be possible when one would better analyse the indications to the first c.s., and making the attempt of a vaginal delivery in multigravidas after c.s. while the operation theater is standby.

Cesarean Section↗