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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

How best to measure implementation of school health curricula: a comparison of three measures.

The impact of school health education programs is often attenuated by inadequate teacher implementation. Using data from a school-based nutrition education program delivered in a sample of fifth graders, this study examines the discriminant and predictive validity of three measures of curriculum implementation: class-room observation of fidelity, and two measures of completeness, teacher self-report questionnaire and post-implementation interview. A fourth measure, obtained during teacher observations, that assessed student and teacher interaction and student receptivity to the curriculum (labeled Rapport) was also obtained. Predictive validity was determined by examining the association of implementation measures with three study outcomes; health knowledge, asking behaviors related to fruit and vegetables, and fruit and vegetable intake, assessed by 7-day diary. Of the 37 teachers observed, 21 were observed for two sessions and 16 were observed once. Implementation measures were moderately correlated, an indication of discriminant validity. Predictive validity analyses indicated that the observed fidelity, Rapport and interview measures were significantly correlated with post-test student knowledge. The association between health knowledge and observed fidelity (based on dual observation only), Rapport and interview measures remained significant after adjustment for pre-test knowledge values. None of the implementation variables were significantly associated with student fruit and vegetable intake or asking behaviors controlling for pre-test values. These results indicate that the teacher self-report questionnaire was not a valid measure of implementation completeness in this study. Post-implementation completeness interviews and dual observations of fidelity and Rapport appear to be more valid, and largely independent methods of implementation assessment.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Residential camps as a setting for nutrition education of Australian girls.

OBJECTIVE: To implement a planned nutrition education program aiming to promote healthy eating and consumption of a variety of foods in a residential camp setting for Australian girls aged 9-15 years. METHODS: 1,600 girls attending a seven-day residential camp in Queensland (2000) participated in a program involving the provision of healthy, tasty foods based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents and a nutrition education package for use at the camp restaurants each evening that included nutrition information together with individual 'passport booklets involving puzzles and questions with incentives for completion. Process and impact evaluations were conducted by surveying a sample of participants using questionnaires and focus groups. RESULTS: Of those surveyed, 77% felt they had leamed something from the health promotion material; 94% said they had changed their eating habits to include more core food groups during the camp, with more than 40% stating they had increased vegetable consumption compared with their usual intake. However, approximately 60% of campers were apparently unaware of the incentives offered and less than 30% demonstrated completion of their passports. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to the involvement of this target group in the health promotion activities need to be explored further. Involvement and training of key personnel is suggested to ensure consistent implementation and encouragement for all participants. Long-term behaviour changes outside the camp environment should also be assessed in any future programs. IMPLICATIONS: Using residential camp settings to target children is an innovative strategy for nutrition education. Integration of such strategies into longer time frame programs may benefit participants and improve effectiveness of nutrition education programs aimed at this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Production performance of beef cows raised on three different nutritionally controlled heifer development programs.

The objective of this study was to determine primiparous heifer performance following three different heifer development strategies that were the result of timed nutrient limitation. Two hundred eighty-two spring-born MARC III heifers were weaned at 203+/-1 d of age and 205+/-1 kg BW. The experiment was conducted on two calf crops with 120 heifers born in 1996 and 162 heifers born in 1997. Treatments consisted of different quantities of the same diet being offered for a 205-d period. Heifers in the HIGH treatment were offered 263 kcal ME/(BWkg)0.75 daily. Heifers in the MEDIUM treatment were offered 238 kcal ME/(BWkg)0.75 daily. Heifers in the LOW-HIGH treatment were offered 157 kcal ME/(BWkg)0.75 daily the first 83 d and 277 kcal ME/(BWkg)0.75 daily for the remainder of the 205 d. Treatments differed in total ME intake (P < 0.001); heifers on the HIGH treatment consumed 3,072+/-59 Mcal/heifer, those on the MEDIUM treatment consumed 2,854+/-21 Mcal/heifer, and those on the LOW-HIGH treatment consumed 2,652+/-19 Mcal/ heifer. At the beginning of breeding, heifers on the HIGH treatment were taller at the hips (P = 0.01) and weighed more (P < 0.001) than heifers in the other two treatments. The percentage of heifers that calved expressed as a fraction of the cows exposed did not differ among treatments (89.7%; P = 0.83). The age of heifer at parturition (P = 0.74) and the time from first bull exposure to calving (P = 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Birth weight of calves (P = 0.80) and the calves' weaning weight (P = 0.60) did not differ among the treatments. Calf survival rate on the LOW-HIGH treatment (73%) was lower than that on the moderate treatment (89%; P = 0.007) but did not differ from that on the HIGH treatment (81%; P = 0.26). The second-calf pregnancy rate (92.8%) for cows with a nursing calf at the start of breeding did not differ between treatments (P = 0.83). These findings suggest that as long as heifers are growing and meet a minimal BW before mating, patterns of growth may be altered in the post-weaning period without a decrease in the ability of the heifer to conceive or a decrease in calf growth potential. However, limit-feeding heifers may decrease first-calf survival. These alterations in postweaning gain through monitoring the amount of feed offered can be used to optimize feed resources.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study.

CONTEXT: Malnutrition causes death and impaired health in millions of children. Existing interventions are effective under controlled conditions; however, little information is available on their effectiveness in large-scale programs. OBJECTIVE: To document the short-term nutritional impact of a large-scale, incentive-based development program in Mexico (Progresa), which included a nutritional component. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A randomized effectiveness study of 347 communities randomly assigned to immediate incorporation to the program in 1998 (intervention group; n = 205) or to incorporation in 1999 (crossover intervention group; n = 142). A random sample of children in those communities was surveyed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years afterward. Participants were from low-income households in poor rural communities in 6 central Mexican states. Children (N = 650) 12 months of age or younger (n = 373 intervention group; n = 277 crossover intervention group) were included in the analyses. INTERVENTION: Children and pregnant and lactating women in participating households received fortified nutrition supplements, and the families received nutrition education, health care, and cash transfers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two-year height increments and anemia rates as measured by blood hemoglobin levels in participating children. RESULTS: Progresa was associated with better growth in height among the poorest and younger infants. Age- and length-adjusted height was greater by 1.1 cm (26.4 cm in the intervention group vs 25.3 cm in the crossover intervention group) among infants younger than 6 months at baseline and who lived in the poorest households. After 1 year, mean hemoglobin values were higher in the intervention group (11.12 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-11.3 g/dL) than in the crossover intervention group (10.75 g/dL; 95% CI, 10.5-11.0 g/dL) who had not yet received the benefits of the intervention (P =.01). There were no differences in hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups at year 2 after both groups were receiving the intervention. The age-adjusted rate of anemia (hemoglobin level <11 g/dL) in 1999 was higher in the crossover intervention group than in the intervention group (54.9% vs 44.3%; P =.03), whereas in 2000 the difference was not significant (23.0% vs 25.8%, respectively; P =.40). CONCLUSION: Progresa, a large-scale, incentive-based development program with a nutritional intervention, is associated with better growth and lower rates of anemia in low-income, rural infants and children in Mexico.

Anemia↗
PubMed1975

A program for total parenteral nutrition at home.

Total parenteral nutrition is of undisputed value in improving and maintaining patients who are otherwise unable to ingest food adequately by mouth or by tube. A relatively simple closed system for the preparation of solutions and their administration permits safe application of total parenteral nutrition at home. Selected patients who otherwise will remain in hospital or die are able to have an acceptable quality of life at home in a good state of nutrition and with freedom from their intravenous solutions for many hours per day. Based on experience with eleven patients maintained on total parenteral nutrition at home, recommendations are made for patient selection, training, total parenteral nutrition composition, and follow-up.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1993

[Formulation and evaluation of a beverage based on whole milk and precooked rice flour].

The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate a beverage based on powdered whole milk and precooked rice flour, with good nutritional contribution, good acceptability and stability, which permits to be included in the nutritional Protection Programs carried out by the National Institute of Nutrition of Venezuela. Six different mixtures were prepared and evaluated organoleptically in liquid form. The preferred one was submitted to nutritional evaluation, acid determination and microbiological analysis during seven months, while samples were kept at temperatures of 5 degrees C, 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The nutritional composition of the selected mixture expressed by 100g was the following: kcal 423, proteins 11g, fat 9.1g, niacin 1 mg, thiamine 0.2 mg, riboflavin 0.6 mg, calcium 295.8 mg and phosphorous 287.5 mg. The protein quality was determined by the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Net Protein Ratio (NPR) was 3.01 +/- 0.2 and 3.74 +/- 0.3 respectively, compared with casein of 3.54 +/- 0.3. This data showed that the product developed represents from the nutritional point of view a good alternative to prevent undernutrition in the country. The stability study reported a useful life time of seven months at temperatures of 5 degrees and 27 degrees C and less than two months at 37 degrees C.

Animals↗