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Results for “Moral Development”

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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Molecular role of sulfated glycoprotein-1 (SGP-1/prosaposin) in Sertoli cells.

Sulfated Glycoprotein-1 (SGP-1) is a major polypeptide secreted by rat Sertoli cells. Sequence analysis revealed a 70% sequence similarity with human prosaposin and a 80% similarity with mouse prosaposin. Both human and mouse prosaposin are 65-70 kDa proteins cleaved in the lysosomes into four 10-15 kDa proteins designated saposins A, B, C and D. Lysosomal saposins function as enzymatic activators that promote the hydrolysis of certain glycolipids. SGP-1 (70 kDa) was first considered as being exclusively secreted to the extracellular space. However, recent immunocytochemical studies using an anti SGP-1 antibody demonstrated the presence of this protein in Sertoli cell lysosomes. In addition Sertoli cell lysosomes isolated by cellular fractionation were found to contain a 65 kDa form of SGP-1 or lysosomal prosaposin, as well as, the 15 kDa saposins. Morphological and immunocytochemical evidences also indicated that both prosaposin and saposins may reach Sertoli cell phagosomes by lysosomal fusion. These phagosomes contain cytoplasmic residual bodies detached from spermatids during spermiation. Thus, prosaposin and their derived saposins must play a role in the hydrolysis of membrane glycolipids present in phagocytosed residual bodies. On the other hand, the function of the secreted form of SGP-1 is still unclear. However, SGP-1 was seen to interact with the plasma membrane of developing spermatids. Due to its capacity to bind certain types of gangliosides, SGP-1 appears to act as glycolipid transfer between Sertoli cells and the developing spermatids.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacology of the drugs of abuse and the development of public policy.

It is fascinating that the morality, ethics, and effectiveness of current drug prohibition policies are being criticized in an era when drug use is declining in most segments of society. The current era is also marked by increasingly restrictive policies against drug use and users, including much enhanced interdiction efforts, calls for tougher penalties and more jails, and extensive drug screening programs at the work site. Summary dismissal of workers or students who use drugs is increasingly advocated. Two distinct and opposing currents advocating policy change have emerged, one for legalization, the other for greater restriction. The current inner-city rise in drug use, particularly of cocaine and "crack," and the remarkable increase in drug-related crime is probably providing the impetus for both lines of thinking. Yet both views appear extreme and neither seems to offer a promising social policy. It is critical that we continue to attempt to develop effective strategies for reducing the impact of drug taking on the individual and society. Whereas I am sensitive to the ethical and legal perspectives of the proponents of legalization, pharmacologic and social issues persuade me that legalization of heroin and cocaine would lead to a marked increase in drug dependence and an increase in drug-related disability and crime. In response to the idea that the legalization and taxation of drug use would provide resources for more effective research, prevention, and treatment, my sense is that we should not wait for legalization but should embark on that long and expensive course immediately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moral outrage and moral discourse in nurse-physician collaboration.

True collaboration between clinical nurses and physicians in acute care settings can be difficult to achieve. The author describes a patient care unit dedicated to the study and development of such collaborative relationships. She reports an unexpected favorable outcome of such collaboration: the decline in incidents of moral outrage among nurses faced with moral dilemmas. This decline is attributed to such factors as mutual trust and respect between nurses and physicians, an appreciation that the two practice areas are interdependent, and the development of a synergistic alliance between the two that enhances patient care.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Nursing considered as moral practice: a philosophical-ethical interpretation of nursing.

Discussions of ethical approaches in nursing have been much enlivened in recent years, for instance by new developments in the theory of care. Nevertheless, many ethical concepts in nursing still need to be clarified. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a fundamental ethical view on nursing care considered as moral practice. Three main components are analyzed more deeply -- i.e., the caring relationship, caring behavior as the integration of virtue and expert activity, and "good care" as the ultimate goal of nursing practice. For the development of this philosophical-ethical interpretation of nursing, we have mainly drawn on the pioneering work of Anne Bishop and John Scudder, Alasdair MacIntyre, Lawrence Blum, and Louis Janssens. We will also show that the European philosophical background offers some original ideas for this endeavor.

Altruism↗
PubMed1996

Social responsibility in nursing education.

Nurses will be key participants in health care reform as health care shifts from a hospital-based disease orientation to a community-centered health promotion focus. Nursing in communities, the environmental context of clients' everyday lives, requires attention to social, economic, and political circumstances that influence health status and access to health care. Therefore, nursing educators have the responsibility to prepare future nurses for community-based practice by instilling moral and professional practice obligations, cultural sensitivity, and other facets of social responsibility. In this article, social responsibility and journaling, a teaching/learning strategy suggested by the new paradigm approach of the curriculum revolution, are explored. A qualitative research study of more than 100 nursing student journal entries illustrates the concept of social responsibility and how it developed in a group of baccalaureate nursing students during a clinical practicum in a large urban homeless shelter.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Diagnosis: poor morale. A wellness program.

A pilot wellness program was designed to develop self-managed emotional responses, optimism, self-empowerment skills and improved interpersonal interactions. The pilot program revealed unexpected differences between nursing division members as well as evidence supporting the original diagnosis-poor morale contributes to anxiety, powerlessness and ineffective coping skills.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1986

Moral reasoning, parental sex attitudes, and sex guilt in female college students.

Forty-eight female college students completed the Mosher Forced-Choice Guilt Inventory, the Rest Defining Issues Test, and the Family Attitude and Communication Scale in order to study the relationship between sex guilt, moral reasoning, and perceived parental sex attitudes. Analysis of variance indicated that Stage 4 moral reasoners had significantly higher sex guilt scores than Stage 5 reasoners. There was also a significant interaction effect between moral reasoning and perceived parental sex attitudes with respect to sex guilt, with Stage 5 reasoners from permissive family backgrounds having very low levels of guilt. The findings suggested that there is an overall negative relationship between sex guilt and moral reasoning, supporting prior studies. However, the relationship between sex guilt and permissive/restrictive family background is more complicated. Paradoxically, more advanced Stage 5 reasoners seemed more influenced by family sexual attitudes than Stage 4 reasoners. The authors offer an explanation for this finding and stress the importance of moral reasoning as a variable in understanding sexual attitudes and behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Measuring biotechnology employees' ethical attitudes towards a controversial transgenic cattle project: the ethical valance matrix.

What is the relationship between biotechnology employees' beliefs about the moral outcomes of a controversial transgenic research project and their attitudes of acceptance towards the project? To answer this question, employees (n=466) of a New Zealand company, AgResearch Ltd., were surveyed regarding a project to create transgenic cattle containing a synthetic copy of the human myelin basic protein gene (hMBP). Although diversity existed amongst employees' attitudes of acceptance, they were generally: in favor of the project, believed that it should be allowed to proceed to completion, and that it is acceptable to use transgenic cattle to produce medicines for humans. These three items were aggregated to form a project acceptance score. Scales were developed to measure respondents' beliefs about the moral outcomes of the project for identified stakeholders in terms of the four principles of common morality (benefit, non-harm, justice, and autonomy). These data were statistically aggregated into an Ethical Valence Matrix fo the project. The respondents' project Ethical Valence Scores correlated significantly with their project acceptance scores (r=0.64, p<0.001), accounting for 41% of the variance in respondents' acceptance attitudes. Of the four principles, non-harm had the strongest correlation with attitude to the project (r=0.59), followed by benefit and justice (both r=0.54), then autonomy (r=0.44). These results indicate that beliefs about the moral outcomes of a research project, in terms of the four principles approach, are strongly related to, and may be significant determinants of, attitudes to the research project. This suggests that, for employees of a biotechnology organization, ethical reasoning could be a central mechanism for the evaluation of the acceptability of a project. We propose that the Ethical Valence Matrix may be used as a tool to measure ethical attitudes towards controversial issues, providing a metric for comparison of perceived ethical consequences for multiple stakeholder groups and for the evaluation and comparison of the ethical consequences of competing alternative issues or projects. The tool could be used to measure both public and special interest groups' ethical attitudes and results used for the development of socially responsible policy or by science organizations as a democratizing decision aid to selection amongst projects competing for scarce research funds.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

The Health Care Ethics Consultant, edited by Françoise Baylis.

The Health Care Ethics Consultant marks a stage in the development of ethics consultancy. Ethics consultancy is a manifestation of a newly secularized society in which a new discipline has developed to fill a gap created by the combination of the diminishing influence of traditional moral authorities and the growth of new problems associated with the development of new technology and changes in society and culture. The stated primary objective of the book is to focus attention on an immediate practical problem: the role and responsibilities, the education and training, and the certification and accreditation of health ethics consultants. An edited collection of articles, the book originated as a research project financed by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, undertaken by a Strategic Research Network which included faculty members from Dalhousie University, McGill University, the University of Toronto, McMaster University and the University of Calgary.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

Am I still ethical? The socially-mediated process of nurses' moral identity.

In a recent, currently unpublished, research project that sought to examine the meaning and enactment of ethical nursing practice across a variety of clinical settings, the significance of moral identity was highlighted. This article describes the findings and illuminates how the moral identities of the nurse participants arose and evolved as they navigated their way through the contextual and systemic forces that shaped the moral situations of their practice. The study revealed the socially-mediated process of identity development and the narrative, dialogical, relational and contextual nature of nurses' moral identities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗