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Systemic mycoses in marine mammals.
Thirty-four cases of systemic mycosis in marine mammals were represented by 9 genera of fungi. All cases were characterized by pulmonary involvement, with miliary spread to abdominal organs. Cases were geographically distributed among Hawaii, northern United States, Europe, New Zealand, and southern Asia.
[New aspects in treatment of systemic mycoses].
The incidence of systemic fungal infection has been increasing during the last two decades. Candida and Aspergillus spp. are the classical opportunistic pathogens. Rare fungi, such as Mucor, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Trichosporon, Paecilomyces, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Pseudoallescheria, are emerging as cause of systemic fungal infection in the immunocompromised host. For more than 40 years Amphotericin B has been the gold standard of antifungal treatment because of its broad spectrum comprising yeasts, dimorphic fungi and moulds. Its nephrotoxicity has led to the development of lipid-associated preparations of amphotericin B: liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion and amphotericin B lipid complex. These preparations are less nephrotoxic, but higher doses than those of conventional amphotericin B are needed to achieve the same effect. The triazole fluconazole is the treatment of choice in infections caused by Candida albicans. New antifungal compounds are voriconazole and the candins, the pradimicin/benanomycin family, nikkomycin Z and a liposomal preparation of nystatin.
[Therapy of generalized juvenile mycoses].
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Imported mycoses in Europe.
This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of some of the more important systemic infections that are now being imported into Europe. It also considers the risks some of the causal organisms pose to European laboratory workers, many of whom are unfamiliar with the precautions that should be taken when handling these pathogens.
Cytokines and mycoses.
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown, over many decades of clinical observation and bench research, to be central to the outcome of invasive fungal infections. In recent years, understanding the role of messenger molecules (cytokines), in coordinating and augmenting cellular immunity has been ascendant. These studies have made it possible to consider using cytokines, now available in abundant quantities via recombinant DNA technologies, to treat fungal infections. In this symposium, the most important fungal pathogens that cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients, are considered, with emphasis on how recent experimental work may lead to a better understanding of the role of cytokines and their use in therapy.
Superficial mycoses: treatment with a new, broad-spectrum antifungal agent: 1% clotrimazole solution.
A 1% clotrimazole solution was used as an antifungal for Tinea versicolor, Cutaneous Candidiasis and Dermatophytosis. All studies were double-blind and controlled, active vs vehicle. The final evaluation was made at a two-week follow-up after the treatment was stopped, which for most of the clinical conditions studied, was 28 days. The 1% clotrimazole solution was found to be effective with no local irritation noted.
Hotchkiss-McManus stain versus clearing in KOH in the diagnosis of superficial mycoses.
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Pulmonary mycoses--coccidioidomycosis and pulmonary cavitation; a study of ninety-two cases.
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Prophylactic clotrimazole treatment to prevent mycoses contamination of the newborn.
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[Mycoses and antimycotics. II. Active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations against fungi].
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Prevalence of superficial mycoses in the Aosta Valley region of Italy from 1984 to 1989.
This report represents the results of the culture tests for fungi carried out in the Aosta Valley region of Italy from 1984 to 1989. The pathological material consisted of cutaneous scales, hair and nails. It was possible to identify 91.8% of the isolates: out of these, 36.1% were dermatophytes, 21% were Aspergillus spp, 15.6% Deuteromycetes, 15% yeasts and 4.1% members of the family Mucoraceae. The resulting data indicate that Microsporum canis was the most wide-spread species (73.7%) among the isolated dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis): 87.5% were isolated from hair and 65.9% from the glabrous skin. The high prevalence of M. canis as the cause of dermatomycoses is discussed. Lastly the use made of the Regional Hospital's Mycology Department by health workers is discussed.
[Superficial mycoses in a wooded region of Gabon: results of fungus isolation].
The authors draw up an inventory of the dermatophytes in Gabon (13 species isolated from 593 people in the wet and hot forest). They show the clear prevalence of Microsporum langeroni, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton violaceum also is fairly often isolated. More infrequently, they find T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. gourvili, M. canis, M. audouini, T. yaoundei, M. gypseum.
Superficial mycoses observed at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Pavia. A 13-year survey.
Over a period of 13 years, 4,100 specimens were cultured for fungi. Pityriasis versicolor (Malassezia furfur) was demonstrated in 17.6%, dermatophytosis in 34.6% and candidiasis in 10.8%. The most frequently isolated strains were M. canis (31.5%), T. rubrum (26.3%), E. floccosum (19.7%), T. mentagrophytes (19.3%) for the dermatophytes and C. albicans (88.9%). Those rarely seen were: M. gypseum, T. violaceum, M. audouini, T. schoenleinii. We observed the absolutely complementary results of the microscopic examinations and the cultures of the specimens.
[Allergy in foot mycoses].
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[On the frequency of foot mycoses in the Graz drainage area].
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[Foot mycoses in various occupational groups in Belgium].
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