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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of vaccination with the R mutant Escherichia coli (J5) antigen on morbidity and mortality of dairy calves.

A prospective cohort study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (J5) vaccination in dairy calves. Calves on 2 units were vaccinated when they were 2 to 3 days old and 2 weeks later with the J5 antigen or they were left unvaccinated, and were observed during the first 60 days of age for morbidity and mortality. Events recorded were death, the first case of illness, the first sign of a respiratory tract condition, the first sign of diarrhea, and the first treatment. The time to death or to a morbid event was examined as a function of vaccination status, using the Cox model of survival analysis, where serum IgG concentration at 2 to 3 days of age and gender of the calf were included to control confounding. Signs of morbidity in 517 calves were followed, 189 from unit 1 and 328 from unit 2. Vaccination was associated with a 2.15-fold reduction in risk of death on unit 2 (P = 0.042), but with a 2.43-fold increase in risk of death on unit 1 (P = 0.0035). The only association found between vaccination and morbidity was a 1.34-fold reduction in risk of respiratory tract signs for vaccinated calves on unit 2 (P = 0.055). Necropsy results and clinical investigations indicated that calves on unit 1 were poorly nourished and emaciated. Antibodies to J5 2 weeks after vaccination were significantly (P = 0.0002) lower in calves on unit 1 than in calves on unit 2. The findings offered a possible explanation for the adverse vaccination effect in calves on unit 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ideal body weight estimated from the body mass index with the lowest morbidity.

The ideal body weight (kg) of each individual can be calculated by the following formula: ideal body mass index x the height (m)2, since body mass index is expressed by the body weight in kilogram divided by the height squared in meters. We investigated an ideal body mass index with respect to morbidity in 4565 Japanese men and women aged 30-59 years. Ten medical problems served as indices of morbidity: lung disease, heart disease, upper gastrointestinal disease, hypertension, renal disease, liver disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus and anemia. The value of body mass index associated with the lowest morbidity was 22.2 kg/m2 in men and 21.9 kg/m2 in women, according to the quadratic regression curves relating body mass index to morbidity. From these findings, we propose that the ideal body weight is 22 x height (m)2. Our recommendations apply to the age group studied, namely 30-59 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A prospective assessment of the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble and bariatric surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity.

Morbid obesity is a serious medical hazard, and effective alternatives to surgery have been unsuccessful. In 1985, the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble (GEGB) was offered as an adjunct to dietary and behavioral therapy for weight loss treatment. The safety and efficacy of the GEGB were compared with bariatric surgery, the current standard for the treatment of morbid obesity. Fifty-seven patients received GEGB and 77 underwent bariatric surgery. GEGB patients were divided into two groups: those who attended group therapy and those who did not. This study showed that bariatric surgery was far more effective in reducing excess body weight during a 12-month period compared with the GEGB plus group therapy and the GEGB alone. The morbidity from bariatric surgery was greater than in the GEGB-treated groups, while the cost for uncomplicated cases for a year's treatment was comparable. It is concluded that the GEGB does not offer an effective alternative to bariatric surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A method for studying total population morbidity in the Czech Republic in 1986].

The authors evaluate the method applied in an extensive investigation of the general morbidity of the Czech population implemented in 1986, based on treated morbidity, not combined with the method of actual medicinal examinations. The population sample was selected by one-stage selection, randomization was made by birth data (seventh day in odd month). In the investigation participated all health community and factory doctors, as well as paediatricians and adolescent medical officers in the Czech Republic. Morbidity was assessed retrospectively from the documentation of health community doctors. The investigation confirmed the hypothesis that this method can be used under local conditions for periodic examinations of the general morbidity of the population.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

[Economic loss due to morbidity with temporary disability in industrial plants in Kazakhstan].

The morbidity resulting in temporary disability (TD) of workers at phosphorus and lead factories of Kazakhstan was studied. Using the coefficient of multiple regression equation, a statistical evaluation of the dependence between changes in morbidity and the trends in the development of factor indications in time was undertaken; based on the study results prognostic estimations were made of temporary disability and economic damage it caused at all phosphorus and lead industrial enterprises of the Republic until the year 2000. It was found that all diseases resulting in TD of workers at both kinds of industrial enterprises could be divided into three groups: those tended to decrease, those tended to increase and those tended to remain stable. The cycles and levels of morbidity resulting in TD not only in those branches of industry as a whole but also in each particular branch were established according to age, occupation, industrial experience of work and the type of workshop. The economic damage to the phosphorus and lead industries of Kazakhstan caused by the morbidity resulting in TD was estimated during the time of the survey along with the projections until the year 2000.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

Mortality and hospital morbidity from cirrhosis of the liver in relation to per capita consumption of absolute alcohol, education and native status, Ontario; 1978 to 1982.

Correlation and regression analyses have been carried out to test the hypothesis that areas experiencing high per capita consumption of absolute alcohol will also experience correspondingly higher annual rates of cirrhosis, in Ontario from 1978 to 1982. Adjustment was made for the influence of socio-demographic variables upon hospital morbidity and mortality rates. Areas experiencing higher per capita consumption of absolute alcohol were found to have higher hospital morbidity. The relationship between hospital morbidity and general mortality from cirrhosis, and per capita consumption of absolute alcohol appears to be growing weaker; no relationship could be demonstrated, however, between cirrhosis mortality and hospital morbidity and proportionate native population and education status.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Age-adjusted dengue haemorrhagic fever morbidity in Thailand 1983-1987.

Age-adjusted morbidity rates of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Thailand during the period 1983-1987 were analysed. The 1983 data were used as standard baseline rates. The age-adjusted rates showed increasing trend in the disease morbidity, i.e., 60.2, 138.2, 159.6, 55.2 and 344.7 (per 100,000 capita) respectively. These rates were consistently higher than the crude rates. The Standardised Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) as compared with the baseline 1983 were 1.00, 2.30, 2.65, 0.92 and 5.73 respectively. Regional comparisons revealed annual increases in Bangkok areas, other Central provinces, the North and the Northeast with fluctuations observed in the South. The epidemic was most of the time higher in the Central provinces other than Bangkok areas. The authors suggest that age-adjusted rates (or possibly sex) should be applied in the study of DHF morbidity data, since there were discrepancies in the age distribution among different regions of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The compression of morbidity: near or far?

Compressing the period of infirmity into an ever-shorter period between the onset of morbidity and death might reduce the nation's illness burden; for this to occur, age-specific incidence of morbid states must decrease more rapidly than age-specific mortality rates. Recent data demonstrate that the onset of some major chronic illnesses is now being postponed and that increases in females' life expectancy have slowed. Large randomized controlled trials have shown an impact of primary prevention on morbidity exceeding that on mortality. These and other trends provide evidence for some degree of current compression of morbidity and suggest types of public health strategies required for further progress, including successful aging programs.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

Morbidity profile of the Mamre community.

Various morbidity parameters in Mamre, a village of 4,623 residents in the western Cape, are described. Acute morbidity (either injury or illness) occurring in the 2 weeks before the survey was reported by 4% of respondents. Investigation of several chronic conditions for which people said that they were receiving treatment yielded rates of 57/1,000 for hypertension, 29/1,000 for 'nerves', 13/1,000 for diabetes and 19/1,000 for tuberculosis; 9.9% of respondents reported disability. Reported morbidity increased with age, was commoner in women than in men, and agreed with perceptions of individuals' health. Tuberculosis, inadequate sewerage and water facilities, alcohol abuse and dusty roads were perceived to be the main health problems by the community. The morbidity profile and the relatively high rate of pscyhosocial problems found are consistent with a process of urbanisation in a predominantly working-class community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Malabsorptive procedures in surgical treatment of morbid obesity.

There is no ideal operation for morbid obesity and there probably never will be one. The disease is multifaceted, with unknown polyfactorial etiology. The multitude of surgical methods attests to the frustrations in trying to palliate the morbidly obese. Gastric restriction on its own is proving inadequate for the heaviest patients ("super obese"), for patients with preferences for "sweets," and for patients who have had failure of previous surgery, whether it be jejunoileal bypass or gastroplasty. The current trend toward performing malabsorptive procedures is symptomatic. Experimentation with varying sizes and configurations of gastric remnants in combination with varying lengths of small intestine in continuity is reminiscent of the early experience with jejunoileal bypass. That era has been called by some respected and influential surgeons the "dark ages of surgery." Very few of the tens of thousands of patients would agree with this assessment. Nevertheless, Payne was convinced that the "malignant abuse of all of these operations. . . could result in the abandonment of the only practical method. . . for the treatment of the morbidly obese patient." Jejunoileal bypass operations can be "salvaged" by vigorous medical management. When that fails, there are several surgical options for dealing with the blind loop, short of reanastomosing the bowel. New malabsorptive operations have been developed and are being rigorously scrutinized by relatively few dedicated surgeon-scientists. The most important lesson learned from the many severe late complications of jejunoileal bypass is that operations for morbid obesity need to be studied intensely and for a sufficiently long period of time before they can be considered ready for routine use.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1987

Mortality and morbidity selection effects among US veterans.

Previous studies have documented a substantially lower mortality rate among US male veterans, a form of the "healthy worker" effect, but there have been no studies of morbidity selection effects among veterans. In this paper the evidence for mortality selection effects among US male veterans is reviewed, and data from two general health surveys are examined for evidence of a morbidity selection effect. Overall, there are no substantial differences in health characteristics between veterans and nonveterans, thus providing no evidence for a morbidity selection effect; the inclusion of military service-connected disabled veterans in this comparison, however, makes it somewhat problematic. Reconciliation of a clear mortality selection effect for veterans with the lack of evidence for a corresponding morbidity selection effect is attempted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Trends in induced legal abortion morbidity and mortality.

Abortion mortality in the USA experienced an eight-fold decline between 1972 and 1981, with the greatest decline occurring after 1975. The risk for all groups of women declined, but the decline was greater for some groups than for others. When both changing risk for a given characteristic and changing prevalence of that characteristic were examined, it appears that the declining mortality rates are largely due to a downward shift in the gestational ages at which abortions are obtained and the increased use of D&E for abortions at 12 gestational weeks or later. Although morbidity data analogous to the mortality data are not available, analysis of morbidity trends from three large multicentre prospective studies between 1970 and 1978 suggests that morbidity may not have declined quite as rapidly as mortality. The morbidity data, as well as giving information on cause-specific abortion mortality in the USA, showing dramatic declines for such causes as infection and pulmonary embolus, suggest that improved medical management of complications has contributed to declining abortion mortality in the USA.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1985

Fat distribution of overweight persons in relation to morbidity and subjective health.

The association between fat distribution, morbidity and subjective health was studied in 95 overweight adult men and 210 overweight adult women. Retrospective morbidity data were taken from a continuous morbidity registration made by general practitioners over a period of maximally 17 years. In addition information about subjective health and weight history was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken and, on the basis of waist-hip and waist-thigh circumference ratios, subjects were classified into upper body segment obesity, intermediate obesity, and lower body segment obesity. It was found that, adjusted for age and body mass index, a high waist-thigh circumference ratio was a risk factor for hypertension and for gout or diabetes in women and arthrosis in men. A low waist-thigh ratio was associated with a high prevalence of varicose veins in women. The associations of waist-hips circumference ratio with morbidity were less pronounced, with the exception of hypertension in men. Information from the questionnaire revealed that persons with upper body segment obesity (especially men) felt less healthy and had more health complaints. These findings were more pronounced for subjects less than 50 years of age than for those of 50 years and older. The weight histories suggest that women with lower body segment obesity had a longer history of obesity than women with upper body segment obesity. This was not found in men. It is concluded that classification of obesity on the basis of circumference ratios is useful for the evaluation of health hazards of overweight subjects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

The surgical treatment of morbid obesity.

Several new developments promise to improve the lot of the morbidly obese. Perhaps the most important of these is the gradual recognition that morbid obesity is a serious illness that is not the result of immorality or gluttony but is, in most cases, a disabling genetically determined handicap. The second advance was the agreement at the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, March 25-27, 1991 that medical therapies generally fail to control severe obesity and that surgery should be considered for those individuals who have a body mass index over 40 and, if the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes or sleep apnea, are present, to consider surgical intervention when the body mass index is greater than 35. The third development has been the improvement of bariatric surgery, ie, the surgery for morbid obesity, with better operations, better quality controls, and rigorous follow-up. This article reviews the newer concepts of morbid obesity as a disease, delineates the indications for surgery, describes the currently recommended operations, and presents the risks and benefits of these procedures.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1995

Impact of primary health care on child morbidity and mortality in rural Ghana: the Gomoa experience [corrected].

The impact of a combination of PHC intervention activities on child survival, growth, morbidity and mortality was assessed in three selected rural communities (Gomoa Fetteh, Gomoa Onyadze/Otsew Jukwa and Gomoa Mprumem) in the Central Region of Ghana from 1987 to 1990. EPI, provision of basic essential drugs and supplies for the treatment of common childhood diseases, treatment of the sick child, growth monitoring, health education, provision of antenatal services, family planning, training and supervision of Community Health Workers, disease surveillance and special studies were the major PHC strategies used to improve the health of the child and the pregnant woman in the three communities. These activities in their totality have had significant impact on morbidity and mortality in children under five and on maternal mortality in children under five and on maternal mortality over the study period 1987 to 1990. Although malaria, acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea diseases continue to be major causes of childhood morbidity, deaths due to these diseases have dramatically declined. Measles and other vaccine preventable diseases no longer contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality. Infant and under five mortality have been reduced from 114.6/1000 and 155.6/1000 live births to 40.8/1000 and 61.2/1000 live births respectively. The crude birth rates however, remain almost the same over the five year period (43 to 48/1000 pop.) but crude death rates have declined (11 to 12.4/1000 pop.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epidemic situation re: cholera in the world: a morbidity analysis and trends].

The analysis of cholera morbidity throughout the world over the period of 1988-1992 indicates the existence of a tendency towards an increase in morbidity due to epidemic outbreaks in the countries of South and Central America and in Africa. Using the data of literature, attempts have been made to elicit the causes of the sudden appearance and spread of cholera in South America. The increase of cholera morbidity in Africa is associated with the activization of cholera in endemic foci and intensified migration caused by military conflicts in the countries of Central and East Africa. Cholera morbidity in Asia appears to be declining; however, large outbreaks of cholera, as well as diarrheal diseases clinically similar to cholera and caused by Vibrio cholerae non 01, serogroup 139, have been recorded. In Europe, including Russia, cholera outbreaks and sporadic cases, mainly imported, have been reported. The prognosis of cholera situation remain unfavorable due to the activization of epidemic processes and the constant risk of the infection being imported to any country of the world.

Cholera↗
PubMed1994

Weight reduction after gastric bypass and horizontal gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Results after 10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long term value of gastric bypass and horizontal gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid obesity. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 119 patients of 195 who were operated on between 1976 and 1986. INTERVENTIONS: Horizontal gastroplasty (n = 15), transected gastric bypass (n = 83), or stapled gastric bypass (n = 21). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight loss, reduction in body mass index, and morbidity. RESULTS: Mean (SD) body weight (kg) after gastroplasty decreased from 139 (20) to 112 (14) at one year, but had increased to 130 (22) at 10 years. The corresponding figures for transected gastric bypass were 134 (24), 95 (20), and 103 (22); and for stapled gastric bypass 137 (27), 100 (24), and 112 (23). The figures for body mass index showed a similar pattern. Three quarters of the patients developed physical or psychological complications after the operation that were related to either the obesity or the operation, or both. CONCLUSIONS: None of the three operations provided adequate or prolonged control of morbid obesity, and the morbidity was high. Too large a proximal pouch, or disruption of the line of staples, may have been responsible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Trends in mortality and morbidity among the elderly in The Netherlands, 1970-1989].

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the trends in mortality and morbidity among the elderly to see whether there has been a 'compression' of mortality and morbidity in the older age groups during the past two decades. METHOD: Data on mortality (by age, sex and cause of death; 55-84 years; 1970-1989), hospital admissions (by age, sex and discharge diagnosis; 55-84 years; 1972-1987) and self-reported morbidity (65+ years) were extracted from publications by the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics, and analysed on an age-specific and age-standardised basis. RESULTS: A decline in mortality for men and women was seen in all age groups between 1970 and 1989. Diseases of 'circulatory organs' and 'accidents and intoxications' accounted for the major part. In contrast, hospital admission rates increased for men and women in all age groups between 1972 and 1987, mainly due to diseases of 'circulatory organs' and 'neoplasms'. No correlation was found between decline of mortality and increase of hospital admissions per disease cluster. Questionnaire data revealed no major changes in health problems. CONCLUSION: Whereas mortality declined in all age groups, hospital admissions rose, and prevalence rates of self-reported health problems remained essentially the same. We conclude that there has probably been a compression of neither mortality nor morbidity during the past two decades in the Netherlands.

Aged↗