Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MEXICO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Amebiasis and amebic liver abscess in Mexico: a present-day public health problem].

BACKGROUND: Amebiasis still remains as a major public health problem in the world. It is one of the most common reasons for medical consult. There are more than half a million cases of amebiasis just at the Mexican Institute of the Social Security. There is still a lack of epidemiologic information on amebiasis in Mexico. AIM: To describe the secular trend fro amebiasis and for amebic liver abscess in the Mexican population, as well as in those covered by IMSS Solidaridad. METHOD: An ecologic trend study was carried on. Incidence rate of amebiasis in all of its forms of presentation, and of amebic liver abscess, were plotted against each year for the 1986-1994 period. RESULTS: Amebiasis incidence in all of its forms of presentation showed a stable trend in this period, as it was seen with amebic liver abscess. Amebiasis is more common in the first years of life. On the contrary, amebic liver abscess showed an inverted 'J' pattern; its occurrence is higher in the extreme years of life. Fatality rates have shown a descendent trend. CONCLUSIONS: Amebiasis reflects socioeconomic conditions in Mexico and the fact that Mexican is still an endless culture. There is a need to promote health education, better diagnostic procedures and detection of asymptomatic carriers. Health policies for mothers that are asymptomatic carriers should be reviewed, due to the high rates of amebiasis and amebic liver abscess in children under one year of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Low prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in indigenous communities of Durango, Mexico.

To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in inhabitants of traditional indigenous communities from Durango, Mexico, a transversal descriptive study was conducted. Tepehuano, Huichol and Mexicanero tribe members without racial admixture and a minimal Western influence on lifestyle were studied. One hundred and ninety-three subjects were included, this figure corresponding to approximately 20% of subjects aged from 30 to 64 years of the target population. Glycemia was determined in capillary blood after an overnight fast of 10-12 h, and 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose load using a Glucometer II device; NIDDM diagnosis was established according to the WHO criteria. Personal risk factors of NIDDM were determined. The average glucose level was 87.5 +/- 19.3 mg/dl. There were no NIDDM cases, hence the prevalence was 0.0%. The personal risk factors profile for NIDDM were as follows: 0.0% of cases with family history of NIDDM and with residency in urban areas > 40% of their lifetime, 7.2% of obese subjects and 15.5% of subjects with alcohol intake > or = 8 g/day. The absence of NIDDM suggests that this disease may be rare in traditional indigenous communities of Mexico and may be associated with less exposure to risk factors or genetic differences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of health services and socioeconomic factors in spatial differences in mortality in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: Mortality in Mexico has decreased significantly, however, regional differences persist. The present work analyzes mortality in Mexico, considering how social and economic factors, as well as the presence of medical centers affect these differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were taken from the XI Population Census, from the statistics published by the Interinstitutional Information Group (Secretaría de Salud) and the publications from the National Statistics, Geography and Informatics Institute. The causal model is defined in terms of the models of covariance structures (LISREL) which allow an estimate of the effect of non-measurable factors affecting the phenomenon. The program used herein was LISREL7. RESULTS: Social and economic status directly affect regional differences in mortality. The effect of medical centers is less important. CONCLUSIONS: Regional differences in mortality can be explained by the interaction between social and economic levels and the presence of medical centers. The higher the social and economic level, the lower the mortality rate. Better medical centers are also more frequently used, which is reflected as a lower mortality rate. The regional distribution of medical centers should be improved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conditions of maternal work and low birth weight in Mexico City].

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between maternal working conditions and low birth-weight in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Interviews of 2623 workers who gave birth in Mexico City hospitals during 1992 were analyzed. Information on the main biologic and social factors associated to low birth-weight was registered. Occupational stress was determined with the instrument designed by Karasek. Logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between working conditions and low birth-weight were used, controlling by confounding variables. RESULTS: Low birth-weight was more frequent in workers with working periods of more than 50 h/week (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.17, 2.28) and with problems at work (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.25). Lack of tangible social support was identified as a risk factor for low birth-weight (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.20, 2.33). Preventive working measures such as changes in tasks, shortening of working hours and leaves of absence due to illness did not show a beneficial effects on birth-weight, except for the maternity leave of absence. Mothers with no right to this had a 2.2 higher probability of giving birth to low weight children (95% CI = 1.66, 2.93). CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of identifying the occupational risk factors during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measles vaccination by the aerosol method in Mexico].

The present work describes the anti-measles vaccination program by the inhaled aerosol method undertaken in Mexico between 1988 and 1990. Detailed descriptions are given of the equipment, staff, training programs, promotion and campaigns. The vaccine is specified: Edmonston-Zagreb strain cultured in diploid cells at the Instituto Nacional de Virología of the Secretaría de Salud in Mexico with titres varying from 1045 plaque forming units (PFU/ml) to 1048 PFU/ml administered in a 30 sec inhalation with aerosol. During this exposure period, 2800 to 4000 PFU per child are estimated to enter the child, of which approximately 25% is the retained doses, i.e. 700 to 1000 PFU/child. A total of 3760684 children of school and pre-school age have been vaccinated in 13 of the 32 federal entities of the country. No undesirable effects of any importance were observed, and the limited serological and field studies support the effectiveness and security of this method. On the other hand, the method is much cheaper, faster and better accepted by the population than the subcutaneous injection.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serologic survey for the determination of antibodies against various virus infections, Mycoplasma, beta hemolytic A Streptococcus and Toxoplasma gondii, performed on children of a State-of-Mexico municipality].

A seroepidemiologic inquest was carried out in 667 children from the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico, looking for serum antibodies against infections caused by the following microorganisms: Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; syncytial respiratory; para-influenza 1, 2 and 3; measles; rubella; mumps; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, beta hemolytic A Streptococcus and Toxoplasma gondii. The findings are reported. Considerations are made on the incidence of these diseases in different age groups and a comparison is established with the findings in other countries, since there is no previous information in Mexico for some of the viral agents studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Poor digestion of lactose. Its definition, prevalence in Mexico, and its implications in milk consumption].

We review the studies that have been carried out in Mexico related to prevalence of lactase deficiency. We also describe a study carried out in three regions of Mexico with different consumption of milk (Northern, Central & Southeastern), comprising 960 individuals of ages ranging from 1 to 99 years. They were evaluated in a double blind study in order to determine the prevalence of lactose maldigestion with habitual dosis of milk. Each subject received two treatments: a) 240 or 360 mL of intact milk according to age, and b) the same amount of milk but with the lactose hydrolyzed (> 90% hydrolyzed). The participants were classified as digesters or maldigesters of lactose using the hydrogen breath test. The prevalence of maldigesters was higher in the Central (30%) and Southeastern (22%) regions than in the Northern one (9%, p < 0.01). The prevalence increased with age from 4.5% (< 3 years), 13.6% (3 to 5.9), 20.8% (6 to 12.9), 21.8% (13 to 17.9) and 32.9% in adults. Lactose maldigestion affected consumption marginally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Lactose intolerance. Its definition, its prevalence in Mexico, and its implications in milk consumption].

In this document we describe some aspects of lactose and milk intolerance, discuss the results of studies carried out previously in Mexico, and report an investigation whose objective was to quantify the impact of lactose intolerance on the habitual consumption of milk in an open population. The prevalence of lactose intolerance and its effect on the consumption of milk was studied in three regions of Mexico. The design of the study was prospective, randomized, double-blind and crossover. The presence of milk intolerance was investigated in 960 subjects with ages between 6 months and 99 years who, as a function of age, received 240 or 360 mL of intact milk and the same amount of hydrolyzed milk. We quantified the consumption of milk and the presence of symptoms after ingesting the tested milk. Seven percent manifested symptoms with the intact milk but only 2% with the hydrolyzed milk (p < 0.001). The presence of symptoms in the intolerant subjects was significantly associated with a lower consumption of milk in comparison with the tolerant individuals (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the consumption of milk appeared to be only marginally associated with the intolerance and its symptoms. We conclude that lactose intolerance does not appear to be a major factor in determining milk consumption in Mexican healthy populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer in Mexico. A challenge for prevention and population control].

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the WHO has recognized a cause-effect relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gastric cancer of such magnitude that the presence of this infection increases the risk of gastric cancer approximately four times. Gastric cancer is currently the second cause of mortality due to malignant neoplasms in Mexico City. This article explores the association between Hp infection and gastric cancer incidence through an epidemiological study including 109 gastric cancer patients and 177 hospital controls in Mexico City. The study estimates that, in the population studied, Hp infection was present in 87.2% of the cases, compared with 82.5% of the controls. The odds ratio of having gastric cancer if infected with Hp was 1.44 IC95% 0.7-2.8. In addition, it was calculated that with eradication of Hp infection in the general population, gastric cancer incidence would decrease by at least 26.6%. An improvement of the actual sanitary conditions along with the development of an effective vaccine for Hp infection and the existence of increasingly effective treatments to eradicate the bacteria are the necessary next step for populational prevention and control of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of gestational diabetes in a group of women receiving treatment at the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Aguascalientes, Mexico.

The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and associated clinical variables of gestational diabetes in a group of pregnant women, using a prospective, longitudinal and comparative study. The setting where the study was performed was an urban General Hospital, and outpatient clinics of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Aguascalientes City, Mexico. The subjects were 187 pregnant women receiving prenatal care in two health care outpatient clinics where they had given informed consent for a 1-year period. All selected women without a history of diabetes mellitus were studied and scheduled for a full oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association. Results are shown for comparative purposes in three groups: 167 women with normal OGTT, 7 women with one OGTT abnormal value, and 13 women with OGTT criteria for gestational diabetes. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. We found a prevalence of 6.9% of gestational diabetes in our study group, and significant differences (p < 0.05) among parity, fasting blood glucose, macrosomy, family history of diabetes, obesity of 90 kg or more, and age > 35 years. Body mass index mean was over 25 kg/m2 in all groups. The 6.9% prevalence of gestational diabetes we found is higher than data between 3.9 and 6% previously reported in Mexico. This could reflect a selection bias of our sample; however, it represents a serious public health problem. Appropriate screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment must be implemented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The federal health expenditure on the uninsured population: Mexico 1980-1995].

In the last fifteen years Mexico suffered several economic crisis which have negatively affected public expenditure in social welfare and, as a consequence, public expenditure in health. This paper discusses the relationship between the adjustment policies adopted to confront these crisis and public expenditure in health care for the non-insured population, as well as the regional distribution of this expenditure. In part one, the evolution of general public expenditure, public expenditure in social welfare, and public expenditure in health between 1980 and 1995 is described. In part two, the distribution of public health expenditure for the non-insured population among the five regions in which the country was divided by the National Health Survey II is discussed. The main conclusion of this paper is that, between 1980 and 1995, the public expenditure gaps that have existed for a long time in Mexico among regions remained unchanged. These gaps basically affect the southern states of the country, are not related to health needs, and may deepen in view of the new relative cuts in public expenditure in social welfare announced by the new administration.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1997

Motor vehicle crashes and maternal mortality in New Mexico: the significance of seat belt use.

In recent years, as deaths from medical complications during pregnancy have declined, injuries-specifically those sustained in motor vehicle crashes-represent a growing proportion of all pregnancy-associated deaths. To investigate pregnancy-associated deaths in motor vehicle crashes in New Mexico, we scrutinized the database of the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator for all deaths during pregnancy and up to 6 weeks postpartum from 1986 through 1995. A total of 97 deaths were identified, 47 of which were injury-related. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 33 (approximately 70%) of the injury-related deaths. We analyzed the data on motor vehicle crashes for decedent's age and ethnicity, fetal gestational age, time of crash, rural vs urban location of crash, seat belt use, and drug and alcohol use. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, proportionately higher numbers of Hispanic and American Indian pregnant women were killed in motor vehicle crashes. In searching for modifiable risk factors, we noted that 45% of the crashes involved alcohol and that the majority of pregnant women killed (77%) were not wearing seat belts at the time of the crash. We conclude that education about seat belt use during pregnancy (as well as the dangers of alcohol use and riding with intoxicated drivers while pregnant) is a promising strategy to reduce motor vehicle fatalities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

[Infection with HTLV virus type I-II in patients with cervico-uterine cancer in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico].

Southwestern Japan is an endemic zone with high prevalence of HTLV-I infection. In addition, a relation between cancer of the cervix and this retrovirus has been described. A recent study has demonstrated a low prevalence of HTLV-I/II infection in Yucatan, Mexico. However, cancer of the cervix is the most frequent oncological disease in this region. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between cancer of the cervix and the HTLV-I/II infection. Sera from 123 patients with cancer of the cervix and 662 healthy women were screened for antibodies against HTLV-I/II by ELISA and agglutination test (PA). Results were confirmed by Western blot (WB). In the confirmed cases the differentiation between HTLV-I and HTLV-II was made by synthetic peptides. Only one woman (0.8%) had positive results in the patients group and two women (0.3%) had reactivity in the control group. In all these cases the antibodies were positive for HTLV-II. The prevalence in the group of patients with cancer of the cervix was similar to that of the control group. We therefore concluded that in Yucatan, Mexico there is no relation between HTLV-I/II infection and cancer of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane serum levels and breast cancer risk: a case-control study from Mexico.

Some, but not all, epidemiological studies have suggested that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) may play a role in the development of breast cancer. These investigations have been conducted in countries where this substance has been banned for at least 20 years. We conducted a study in Mexico, a country in which DDT is still being used to control malaria. In a hospital-based case-control study, we compared 141 histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer with 141 age-matched controls (+/-3 years). All subjects were identified at three referral hospitals of Mexico City between March 1994 and April 1996. Reproductive histories and other variables were obtained by structured interviews, DDT/DDE levels were determined in serum by gas-liquid chromatography. The arithmetic mean of serum DDE in lipid basis was 562.48 +/- 676.18 ppb (range, 10.24-4661.44) for the cases and 505.46 +/- 567.22 ppb (range, 0.004 to 4361.75) for the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. The age-adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer regarding the serum level of DDE were 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.24) and 0.97 (confidence interval, 0.55-1.70) for the contrasts between tertile 1 (lowest level) and tertiles 2 and 3, respectively. These estimates were unaffected by adjustment for body mass, accumulated time of breast-feeding and menopause, and other breast cancer risk factors. These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that DDT is causally related to breast cancer at the body-burden levels found in our study population but do not exclude the possibility that higher levels of exposure could still play a role in the etiology of this tumor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of cancer of the breast in Mexico. Consequences of demography transition].

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relation between reductions in fertility and the inverse en breast cancer mortality in the different states of Mexico for the period 1979-1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fertility rates and beast cancer mortality rates were utilized to analyze the proposed relationship in the states of the country. Principal component analysis and classification analysis were then used in the confirmatory analysis of this relationship. RESULTS: There is an important decrease in fertility trends overall with regional differences: the northern states of Mexico have lowest then the southern states. These regional differences are inversely related to the observed differences in breast cancer mortality within the states: the northern states have levels of breast cancer mortality much higher than the southern states. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in mortality due to breast cancer and its relation to the decrease in fertility illustrates the importance that must be given to the preventive aspect of health services since in the near future Mexican women will exhibit reproductive behaviors similar to women in developed countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Helminth parasites of Epinephelus morio (Pisces: Serranidae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico.

The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths from 202 red groupers, Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Serranidae), the most important commercial marine fish in the region, collected from ten localities off the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico during 1994-1996; two more helminth species were recorded from E. morio earlier. Thirty species of helminths were found: Monogenea 1, Cestoda 3, Trematoda 17, Nematoda 8, Acanthocephala 1. Of them, 15 species were adults, whereas 15 species were larval stages parasitizing piscivorous elasmobranch and teleostean fishes, birds and marine mammals as adults. A new didymozoid trematode, Allonematobothrium yucatanense sp. n., is described from the fins of this host. Most findings represent new host- and geographical records. Philometra margolisi, a nematode parasitizing the gonads, is undoubtedly the most important parasite affecting the reproduction of the host, endangering E. morio in aquaculture. Larval anisakid nematodes (Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, Hysterothylacium) recorded from the red grouper in the region of the southern Gulf of Mexico are important from the viewpoint of public health.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of environmental pollution on medical visits for respiratory infections in children in Mexico City].

OBJECTIVE: To model the variability of medical visits by children for respiratory reasons as a consequence of the daily changes in environmental pollution observed in the emergency and family medicine departments of a hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social located in the southwest of Mexico City during 1993. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The correlation between the presence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide was studied. To model this association, the authors used multivariate Poisson regression models with linear and non-linear risk, with lag periods between the environmental measurements and the medical visits of one, two and three days, as well as the average of the measurements of three, five and seven days previous to the visit. RESULTS: The model estimates that an increment of 50 ppb in the daily average of ozone would cause an increase of 9.9% in emergency visits due to high respiratory tract infections during the winter, which could rise to 30% if the increment would last five consecutive days in average. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that exposure of children younger than 15 years of age to ozone and nitrogen dioxide significantly affect the number of medical visits for respiratory causes in this part of Mexico City.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[National survey of the infrastructure of research centers in advanced biotechnology and molecular epidemiology in Mexico].

An International Molecular Epidemiology Task Force group (IMETAF) was established in 1993, where the Mexican group include as their objectives: the evaluation of the main public health problems that could be improvement through molecular epidemiology; the analysis of the interaction between molecular biology and epidemiology; development of international nets of collaboration and the establishment of surveys toward the prevention and control of some diseases. As part of a general strategy the Mexican scientific committee developed the first national infrastructure survey of the centers of biotechnology and molecular epidemiology. This survey obtained data trough a questionnaire of the general characteristics the development of the molecular epidemiology, the main tools of surveys, equipment, material and reagents, the personnel trained in biotechnology, epidemiology and public health, the needs of training, the national and international nets, how to develop molecular epidemiology and areas to be considered. The results give a general idea of the possibilities to develop the field in Mexico. More than 50% are currently working in this theme. The majority in infectious diseases. The centers have the equipment, material reagents and human resources well trained to incorporate the molecular epidemiology in their usual work. They reported the need of technology transfer to develop collaborations and courses, symposia or congresses. We conclude that Mexico has the capability and the infrastructure to develop molecular epidemiology. A survey is needed on animals.

Academies and Institutes↗