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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

New nitrosoureas and their spin-labeled derivatives influence dopa-oxidase activity of tyrosinase.

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanine biosynthesis. The modulating effect of cytostatic agents on DOPA-oxidase activity of tyrosinase could be linked with the drug treatment of melanoma tumors. Two groups of nitrosoureas which influence DOPA-oxidase activity of tyrosinase were studied: new nitrosoureas and their spin-labeled derivatives synthesized in our laboratory. Using Burnett's spectrophotometric method (Burnett et al., 1967) the following effects were established: inhibition by CCNU, inhibition and the activating effects of the other investigated nitrosoureas depend on their physicochemical half-life. The predominant activating effect of the spin-labeled derivatives is due to the nitroxyl radical present in these compounds.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The combined therapy of stage-II lymphogranulomatosis: the effect of splenectomy and the time period for achieving full remission on treatment efficacy].

In 1982-1986, 72 patients with stage II lymphogranulomatosis received combined treatment according to the following program: 3 cycles of polychemotherapy in accordance with the CVPP scheme plus radiation of all the lymphatic collectors above the diaphragm up to the total radiation dose 35 Gy plus 3 cycles according to the CVPP. Splenectomy was provided to 45 patients; spleen impairment was revealed in 13. The median observation period reached 67 months. Both short- and long-term results of the treatment were analyzed. Neither splenectomy nor specific impairment thereof exerted any effect on the treatment results of this patients' group. The predominance of a number of "favourable" prognostic factors in splenectomized patients produced no effect on the treatment efficacy. It is concluded that in this patients' group, splenectomy is not advisable. A significant relationship was discovered between both survival and duration of the relapse-free course and the times of complete remission attainment. In patients, in whom complete remission was ascertained after 3 cycles of polychemotherapy and before radiotherapy onset, the 7-year survival amounted to 100% whereas the 7-year relapse-free course was recorded in 98% of cases, which is significantly higher than in patients, in whom only partial remission was attained by that time--78 and 68%, respectively (p less than 0.05).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the results of chemotherapy in squamous cell bronchial carcinoma].

Chemotherapy according to the MACC protocol (Methotrexate, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, CCNU) was applied in 32 patients with squamous cell bronchial carcinoma. The following criteria were used for the evaluation of the effect of therapy: response to therapy (evaluation of decrease in tumor mass), duration of response and survival time. A positive response to therapy was achieved in 3 (9.4%) cases. In 22 (68.7%) the condition remained unchanged, while in 7 (21.9%) cases there came to a progression of the disease. Mean duration of survival was 15.1 +/- 8.2 months. More than a half of the patients lived for a year (59.4%), while 12.5% and 9.4% survived two and three years, respectively. By comparison of the results with findings from literature it seems that the application of chemotherapy in the combination of Cisplatin and Vindesin is more effective in the case of poorly differentiated squamous cell bronchial carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Solitary plasmacytoma of the maxillary sinus].

The work is based on the related literature and describes clinical features of plasmocytoma solitary of soft tissues and maxillofacial bones. A case of extramedullary maxillary sinus plasmocytoma a 39-year-old man is described. Attention has been called to diagnostic difficulties in this type of tumour.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Response to chemotherapy of non-small cell bronchial rat tumours growing subcutaneously or in the lung.

Seven rat bronchial cancers of various grades of differentiation were used to study responses to single doses of cytostatic drugs (mitomycin C, cisplatin, methotrexate, TCNU, CCNU, ifosfamide) when growing subcutaneously or in the lung. The endpoint was growth delay as calculated from tumour volume measurements using vernier callipers or radiography. Substantial differences were observed between the tumour lines in their response to the chemotherapeutic agents. The response of tumours implanted in the lung was less than that of flank implants of the same tumour line. TCNU and ifosfamide were the most consistently effective drugs, yielding growth delays of at least two tumour volume doubling times in the majority of the lines studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clastogenic effects induced in vitro by CCNU and AMD during G2-phase in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats.

Three concentrations of CCNU and AMD (1, 5 and 10 micrograms/ml) were given to bone marrow cells of Wistar rats immediately after their removal from the body into the culture medium. Abnormal metaphases observed 2, 3 and 4 h later were considered to represent the effect induced by the two drugs on G2-phase chromosomes in a cell population that traversed in vivo previous phases of the cell cycle. In order to determine if the cells examined at metaphase completed S-phase in vivo, BroU at 100 micrograms/ml was added into the culture medium and metaphases displaying replication banding were scored 2, 3 and 4 hours afterwards. Only 4% of metaphases with incorporated BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine) were seen after 4 hours exposure and none after 2 or 3 hours, indicating that treatment was given to cells during G2-phase. A dose-related clastogenic action was observed both after AMD and CCNU treatments, but the response was essentially determined by the lapse of time between treatment and mitosis. The highest chromosome damaging effect was induced by CCNU when administered 4 hours before mitosis, while AMD reached the highest clastogenic effectiveness when given 2 hours before mitosis. These results express G2 sensitivity of bone marrow cells that traversed G1- and S-phases in vivo and consequently possessed a biochemical "machinery" initiated and effective into the rat body. The capability of primary cultures of bone marrow cells to mimic the mechanisms of the in vivo clastogenic action is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Nitrosourea combinations in lung cancer.

BCNU, CCNU, and methyl-CCNU have undergone extensive trial in multiple drug combinations for bronchogenic carcinoma. The addition of a nitrosourea appears to be an improvement over cyclophosphamide used alone in oat cell carcinoma and over the two drug combination of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in both adenocarcinoma of the lung and oat cell disease. Encouraging response rates have been seen in squamous lung cancer with multiple-drug combinations of a nitrosourea, an alkylating agent, vincristine, and bleomycin with or without adriamycin. The nitrosoureas have been easily incorporated, at reduced doses, into multiple-drug regimens with cumulative myelosuppression seen only when the interval between nitrosourea doses is less than 6 weeks. Conclusions about the ultimate role of these compounds in lunb cancer treatment must await (a) comparative trials of combinations with and without a nitrosourea, and (b) further exploration of new approaches to increase their therapeutic index.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The chemotherapy of tumors of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The rational application of chemotherapy in tumors of the central nervous system is discussed in particular the use of the new derivatives of nitrosourea: BCNU (1-3 bis-(2-cloroetil) 1-nitrosourea) and CCNU (cloroetil-cicloesil-nitrosourea). The results of therapy with antimetabolites, alkylating agents, antibiotics, and plant alcaloids, are reported as well as those obtained with radio - sensitizing substances (containing B10 or BUdR, IUdR, FUdR). The results obtained in the United States and in Japan with BCNU and CCNU are considered as well as the personal data of 43 cases treated with BCNU and 10 cases treated with CCNU (including intracranial glial tumors, spinal glial tumors and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system).

Boron Compounds↗
PubMed1991

[The combined (polychemical and radiation) and drug treatment of lymphogranulomatosis patients with generalized lung involvement (stage IV)].

The paper is concerned with analysis of the peculiarities of a course of disease and effectiveness of different therapeutic programs in 121 primary patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease with generalized lung lesion (true stage IV). The 5-year total and recurrence-free survival of patients after polychemoradiotherapy was 59.5 and 45.6%, respectively. Prognosis of disease in patient with generalized lung lesion is determined mainly by the development of a specific process in pulmonary tissue and, to a lesser degree, by spreading of disease via the lymphatic collectors. The authors have shown the appropriateness of combined therapy of this group of patients. Therapy includes cycles of polychemotherapy for achieving remission and radiotherapy including total irradiation of the affected lung for its consolidation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of inoperable glioblastomas using a combination of adriamycin, VM 26 and CCNU].

46 non resectable malignant gliomas adult patients were treated with a combination protocol of chemotherapy with administration of adriamycin, VM 26 and CCNU. The tolerance to this treatment was good except for the delayed hematological toxicity related to cumulative doses of CCNU, which limited after 5 courses of chemotherapy the possibility of further treatment with the same combination. As far as the neurological responses are concerned, 66 per 100 patients were good responders, but we found a poor relation (50%) between the degree of clinical response and regression of tumour volume in brain scan. The median survival of this group of patients was 9 months and 11 patients/46 are still alive in good state 14 months after they entered into this trial. According to these data we discuss the introduction of chemotherapy at the early stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined modality treatment for oat cell carcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial 1,2,3.

Twenty-three patients with oat cell cancer of the lung were randomized to receive chemotherapy with POCC (procarbazine, 100 mg/m2/day orally, Days 1-14; vincristine, 2 mg iv, Days 1 and 8; cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2 iv, Days 1 and 8; and CCNU, 60 mg/m2 orally, Day 1) or COM (cyclophosphamide, 2000 mg/m2 iv, Day 1; vincristine, 2 mg iv, Day 1; and methotrexate, 30 mg/m2 iv, Day 15). After two to three cycles of chemotherapy, all patients were to receive radiotherapy to initially involved sites and then have chemotherapy continued. Patients treated with POCC had a median survival of 14 months vs 10 months for those treated with COM (P = 0.055). Eight of 15 first sites of relapse were intrathoracic and five of these eight had received radiotherapy to that site. Six central nervous system (CNS) failures were evenly divided between the two chemotherapy programs. Thus, the CNS penetration of procarbazine and CCNU in the POCC combination did not prevent CNS relapse. All future patients will receive prophylactic brain radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intensive chemotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Thirty-two patients (27, extensive disease; five, regional disease) with histologically documented small cell carcinoma entered a randomized study to determine the efficacy of intensive induction chemotherapy. The necessity of a protected environment (laminar air flow room) during this treatment was also evaluated. Patients received high-dose or standard-dose cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and CCNU (CMC) during the first 6 weeks of treatment. Subsequent maintenance therapy consisted of standard-dose CMC until disease progression. In 23 patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy there were responses in 96% (30% complete). Standard-dose chemotherapy gave responses in 45%, none of which were complete. Median survival correlated with completeness of response and was 16+ months for the seven complete responders. Patients receiving high-dose CMC spent an average of 10 days with neutrophil counts less than 1000/mm3. There was only one documented, non-fatal infection. High-dose chemotherapy gives better responses and longer survival than previously utilized standard doses of the same drugs. Patients could safely be treated in the hospital ward.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single versus multiple drug therapy in the combined treatment of malignant gliomas. A multicenter study.

The best treatment of malignant gliomas has been considered to be surgery followed by irradiation and chemotherapy with nitrosourea compounds. Our controlled and randomized trial was designed in 1982 to analyze the effectiveness of multiple-drug versus single-drug therapy in patients bearing malignant gliomas. After 3 weeks from surgery and histopathological diagnosis 173 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three chemotherapy regimens: CCNU alone, CCNU plus VM-26 or CCNU plus VM-26 plus 5-FU. Radiotherapy was administered whole-brain (40-45 Gy) and coned-down focal (15-20 Gy) irradiation for a total of 60 Gy (1700 rets) in conjunction with the first course of chemotherapy. 150/173 patients are evaluable. Statistical analysis of results shows a better quality of life and survival for patients treated with polychemotherapy using a three drug combination than two drug or single drug therapy (13.8 vs 14.7 vs 18.2 months MST; P less than 0.01) but with a higher incidence of toxicity problems. An analysis of prognostic factors and their distribution in each arm of the protocol will be made in the near future.

Adolescent↗