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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Antigenic and allergenic relationships among airborne grass pollens in India.

BACKGROUND: Pollen from grasses (Poaceae) are predominant aeroallergens throughout the world including tropical countries. Studies from USA, Europe, and Australia have shown extensive allergenic/antigenic cross reactivity among the grass pollen allergens prevalent there. No such information is available about airborne grass pollens of tropical countries. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to explore common antigenic/allergenic components, if any, of five important grass pollens of India. METHODS: Intradermal tests (ID) were performed with pollen extracts of Cenchrus, Cynodon, Imperata, Pennisetum, and Sorghum in patients with nasobronchial allergy. ELISAs were performed for estimating the allergen-specific IgE in sera of patients eliciting markedly positive ID response (2+ to 4+). To detect cross reactivity, ELISA inhibition experiments were carried out using pooled patient sera and five grasses, individually, as inhibitors with different solid phase antigens. To evaluate common antigenic components in Cenchrus, Imperata, and Pennisetum pollen extracts, rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) and ELISA inhibition were conducted using rabbit antisera. RESULTS: Among 133 patients, Cynodon extract elicited markedly positive skin reactivity in most patients followed by Pennisetum, Imperata, Cenchrus, and Sorghum. A large number of patients showed markedly positive skin reactions and enhanced specific IgE levels to more than one grass pollen extract. ELISA inhibition experiments showed different degrees of cross reactivity among the grass pollens studied. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA inhibition using rabbit antisera with homologous and heterologous pollen revealed the presence of shared antigenic components in Cenchrus, Imperata, and Pennisetum extracts. CONCLUSION: The varied dose-response curves obtained with ELISA inhibition using different inhibitors suggest the presence of both common and specific antigens/allergens in the grass pollens studied. Based on the extensive immunologic cross reactivity, among the tropical grass species, it may be possible to use mixed allergen preparations for allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

[Anaphylactoid reaction to vecuronium].

A 4 year-old male (weight 18 kg, height 100 cm) required an emergency operation for the open fracture of his left ankle. He had no history of atopy or allergics. Rapid intubation with vecuronium was planned. To shorten the onset time of vecuronium, the "priming principle" was utilized. Two minutes after the intravenous administration of vecuronium 0.25 mg as a "first dose", bronchospasm and skin rashes appeared. These symptoms resolved following the treatment with aminophylline and steroids. Immunological studies performed two weeks after the operation revealed positive intradermal test to vecuronium, low plasma IgE and elevated complement C3. These results suggest that the reaction was an anaphylactoid reaction caused by physico-chemical histamine release rather than IgE mediated type I allergic reaction. Though vecuronium have a low potential for histamine release, it is important to note that adverse reactions can occur even in patients who have no history of atopy or allergic disorders.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1994

Lack of adverse reactions to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in egg-allergic children.

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding allergic reactions to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in egg-allergic patients. To date there have been only isolated reports describing egg-allergic patients with anaphylaxis to MMR vaccine. OBJECTIVE: Our study was designed to monitor possible adverse reactions in egg-allergic children receiving MMR vaccine. METHODS: Initially prick and intradermal testing with MMR vaccine was carried out. The first 120 children were screened in this fashion, with frequent irritant reactions occurring with skin testing but no subsequent reactions when full-strength vaccine was administered. The subsequent 380 children received the undiluted MMR vaccine without prior skin testing. DESIGN: Over an 8-year period, MMR vaccine was given to 500 egg-allergic children in outpatient setting. RESULTS: No anaphylactic reactions were observed in any of the 500 children immunized with MMR vaccine. Five children showed minor rashes within two hours of administration of the MMR vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: It is therefore felt the previously reported adverse reactions to MMR vaccine represent reactions to other vaccine components rather than the suspected egg antigens. The presence of egg allergy should therefore not be considered a contraindication to MMR immunization.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antigenic relations between human papilloma viruses (HPV): experimental study in guinea-pigs (author's transl].

A study of specific immune response in guinea-pigs after immunization with human papilloma viruses (HPV) purified from plantar warts, hand warts and condyloma acuminata is reported. The respective viruses induced the production of high antibody titres as well as specific cellular immunity as demonstrated by intradermal tests in all the animals. Formalin-inactivated HPV gave similar results. The antigenic cross reactions between the different viruses were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests and delayed hypersentitivity reactions. Serologically the results showed viral heterogeneity between condylomata and hand warts, and partial heterogeneity between condylomata plantar warts, and between hand and plantar warts. In skin-hypersensitivity reactions, however, the different viruses appeared as homologous antigens. This experimental study in guinea-pigs showed marked variance of specificity between delayed hypersensitivity reactions and humoral immunity for HPV.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Toxic properties of the exotoxin from anthrax vaccinal strain CTI-1 in an experiment on animals].

A study of sensitivity of various laboratory animals (guinea pigs, albino mice, Cricetus auratus W., albino rats and chick embryos) demonstrated that they all, excluding the latter, reacted by specific edema in response to the administration of the exotoxin produced by the vaccine strain CTI-1. A quantitative characteristics of the activity of the preparation for albino mice was presented and a method permitting to determine the activity of the anthrax exotoxin in intradermal test on guinea pigs with a greater precision than the accepted one was elaborated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis. 1 Demonstration and significance of bilharzial antigenaemia.

Circulating bilharzial antigens were demonstrated in 39% out of 87 bilharzial patients via the IHA and CF techniques using hyperimmune rabbit anti - S.mansoni worm serum. Correlation between the percentage of positive cases and the age, duration of infection, clinical presentation, type of bilharzial infection, chemotherapeutic effect and the intradermal test (I.D.T.) were made. The percentage of positive cases was found to increase with age and with the duration of infection. More positivity was encountered in hepatosplenomegalic and in S.mansoni-infected cases. Most of the I.D positive cases were also IHA positive, but still some I.D. negative cases were IHA positive. Specific chemotherapy resulted in rise in the number of IHA positive cases which was followed by gradual fall in teh next six months until they became negative. On the other hand, using the CF technique, all cases turned negative after treatment with no phase of augmentation. However, antigenaemia reappeared in few cases. These cases relapsed later. Comparing the results of IHA and CF indicates that each test may be detecting a different group of antigens.

Antigens↗
PubMed1993

[A study of sensitization and symptoms in adult asthmatics who keep cat and dog].

We studied hypersensitivity to cats and dogs in three hundred adult asthmatics who kept them. Some findings were noted as follows. 1) The mean duration for which cats were kept was 6.2 +/- 10.1 (1 S.D.) years and that for dogs was 4.2 +/- 9.6 (1 S.D.) years. 2) The positive rate in intradermal tests to dog dander was 7% and to cat hair-epithelium 32%. The positive RAST (score > or = 2) rate to cat epithelium was 36.1%, to dog dander 31.6% and to dog epithelium 7.3% respectively. 3) Eleven to 18% of the dog keepers and 23 to 36% of the cat keepers whose RAST score were positive were aware of the relationship between pets and asthma, specifically concerning eye and nose symptoms. 4) Thirty percent of the cat and dog keepers had become sensitized to them after keeping them for under one year. The positive RAST rate was unchanged in those who kept Japanese native dogs but increased in those who kept foreign breeds after 3 to 6 years. The rate of sensitization rate to cats tended to increase along with the period for which they were kept. 5) Dog dander RAST scores among the foreign breed keepers were significantly higher than those among the native dog keepers. If the dog breed was the same, the RAST score was not higher if the dog was kept indoors than if it was kept outdoors. We concluded that a possible reason why the RAST scores were higher among those who kept foreign breeds was that foreign breeds have stronger allergenicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[A case of broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis developing for 24 years].

A case of allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis has been diagnosed on the basis of recurrent, transient pulmonary infiltrates, serum precipitins against Aspergillus fumigatus and a dual-type reaction to intradermic testing with aspergillus antigen. Despite a prolonged course (24 years), lung function tests do not show changes.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1993

Sulfite-induced urticaria.

Metabisulfite sensitivity is being described with growing frequency. Sulfites are used in food, drinks, and drugs. Adverse reactions to apparently nontoxic doses have been described. Exposure of sensitive persons to sulfites has produced asthma, and occasionally other adverse reactions in nonasthmatic patients. We present a case of urticaria induced by metabisulfites. During the previous 2 years the patient had suffered episodes of urticaria and angioedema limited to the face, neck, upper thorax, and dysphonia without asthma after the ingestion of food and drinks containing sulfites. Oral challenge with 25 mg of potassium metabisulfite elicited urticaria on the face and neck, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, and dysphonia. Prick and intradermal tests were negative. Two further challenges with the same doses were also positive. One of these was controlled with placebo, 30 minutes after oral administration of 400 mg sodium cromolyn; the second was carried out 90 minutes after oral administration of 5000 micrograms cyanocobalamin. We have been unable to identify a pathogenic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A study of characteristics in adult asthmatics who are sensitized by cats and dogs allergens].

We studied adult asthmatics who were sensitized (RAST sore > or = 1) by cats and dogs allergens. Compared with non-sensitized asthmatics, the following some characteristics were noted in the sensitized asthmatics: 1) The histogram of the onset age of asthma showed two peaks. 2) The asthmatics sensitized by cats epithelium were more frequent and had higher RAST scores than those sensitized by dog hair dander. 3) There was a significant correlation between the RAST scores to dogs dander and dog hair. 4) There was no correlation between the RAST score to cat epithelium and dog hair. 5) The positive rations of intradermal testing to other allergens were higher in the sensitized asthmatics than in the non-sensitized asthmatics, especially to some foods allergens. 6) The asthmatics sensitized by cat and dog allergens were much more sensitized by house-dust mites than were the non-sensitized asthmatics. The asthmatics sensitized by cat and dog demonstrated being allergic to not only cat and dog allergens but also to many other allergens. We thought that the sensitized asthmatics were more atopic than the non-sensitized asthmatics and this was the reason why they were sensitized by cat and dog. The RAST scores to cat allergens were higher than the RAST scores to dog allergens. This fact showed that the cat was more important than the dog. This result agreed with our clinical experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A case of severe bronchospasm and laryngospasm after atracurium administration].

We present a case of severe intraoperative bronchospasm and laryngospasm, that happened after the administration of atracurium 0.5 mg/kg-1; this episode was very difficult to manage, in spite of a prompt bronchodilative treatment. This episode of bronchospasm happened again after extubation and it was so severe that it was necessary to intubate the patient quickly again. We administered bronchodilatative drugs again, and after half an hour it was possible to extubate the patient and to send him to the ward. He had no problems in the postoperative period. We carried on some investigations to evaluate the nature of this reaction: we measured the level of IgE, C3 and C4 complement factor during operation (one sample), in the first and second postoperative days. Moreover we did an intradermal test for all the drugs used during the operation. We concluded that it was an anaphylactoid reaction, sustained by atracurium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Candida vasculitis].

Apart from direct skin attacks, yeasts of the Candida group hold a place that is much discussed in the occurrence of immuno-allergic reactions of the skin, because of their usual saprophytic characteristics. We report here on observation of a patient of 62 years who presented with a secondary purpuric maculo-papular eruption making a tri-symptom of Gougerot, for which we have incriminated the role of the immunogenicity of Candida. Skin histology confirmed the presence of an angiitis and necrotising capillarity. An intradermal test with candidine reproduced the skin symptoms and histology, whilst other microbial and fungal tests remained within normal limits. Other examinations showed the transitory presence of circulating immune complexes, although the remainder of the immunity factors were negative. A digestive focus of Candida was present. Recovery occurred after systemic mycological treatment was started, though there was a return of symptoms after a temporary initial check.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of Schistosomiasis and dynamics of its distribution in some villages in Qalyoubia Governorate.

A total of 1535 persons of different age, sex and occupation from 5 villages (Tanan, El-Sad, Sandiun, Kalama and Taha-nob) in Qalyoubia Governorate in Nile Delta were subjected to clinical, stool, urine and intradermal tests accompanied by a questionnaire for 500 of them. Snail vectors of Schistosome parasites were collected from 2 villages (El-Sad and Taha-nob) and snail densities in the waterways as well as the prevalence rate of infection with schistosomal cercariae were recorded. The results revealed that the average prevalence rate of Schistosoma haematobium in the 5 cillages was 4.9% (range 2.3% - 7.1%) and that of S. mansoni was 13.3% (range 11.4-14.4%). The overall prevalence of both types was 18.2% (range 13.7-21.4%). The average density of Biomphalaria alexandrina in the 2 village was 16.47% and that of Bulinus truncatus was 7.5%, the ratio was 2:1. The infectivity with schistosomal cercariae was very low with an average of 2.5% in B. Alexandrina and 1.5% in B. truncatus. Factors responsible for the decreased rates of schistosomiasis and snail infectivity were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Strongyloidosis. IV. Immunodiagnosis].

Excretory-secretory and somatic antigens from Strongyloides stercoralis and other parasitic species of nematodes used in intradermal test and serological assays in strongyloidosis were described. Detection of specific IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies in the serodiagnosis of human strongyloidosis was also described.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Microsymptoms in leptospirosis].

Leptospirosis is not an exotic disease, still it is seen more frequent in southern countries. Microsymptoms, such as supraorbital headache, muscle pain in the legs, herpes naso-labialis or axillaris (often symmetrical), pharynxenanthema, fugitive rash, epistaxis, confusion, etc., are very important for early diagnosis. An intradermal test for early diagnosis was developed and is described here.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of Chylamydia in the pathology of pregnancy and chronic gynecological diseases].

For the elucidation of the role of chlamydial infection in pathological pregnancies, serological examination by the CFT with group-specific and species ornithosis antigen was carried out on 723 blood serum specimens from women with obstetrical pathology, 124 specimens from patients with various chronic gynecological diseases and 124 control blood serum specimens from women with nromal pregnancy and favourable obstetrical anamnesis. The complement-fixing antibody (CF) was detected in 72 (9.9%) serum specimens from women with obstetrical pathology and chronic gynecological diseases. No CF antibody was found in control sera. Negative results of the CFT were obtained with species ornithosis antigen in all sera. In parallel examinations of the blood serum specimens from women with obstetrical and gynecological pathology by the CFT and intradermal test, correlation of positive results was demonstrated in 62.5% of the patients. Among the women with positive reactions for chlamydial infection, in 52.8% thee pregnancy was pathological. Among 52 sero-positive pregnant women the death of the fetus was observed in the perinatal period in 21.2%. Among 111 babies born alive after previous pregnancies 55 babies (49.5%) died at the age under 1 year. Thus, chlamydial infection may possibly have causative relation to pathological pregnancy, death of the fetus in the perinatal period, and death of the babies under 1 year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors aminoguanidine and L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine on zymosan-induced plasma extravasation in rat skin.

The effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on plasma extravasation in a rat model of zymosan-induced inflammation has been investigated. Plasma extravasation was determined in response to intradermal test agents over 0 to 45 min or 0 to 4 h by the accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-labeled human serum albumin. Zymosan (1-100 microg/site) produced a dose- and time-dependent plasma extravasation. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (30-300 nmol/site), but not aminoguanidine (AG; 10-300 nmol/site) or L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL; 10-300 nmol/site), significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited zymosan-induced (10 microg/site) plasma extravasation over 0 to 45 min. However, both AG and L-NIL produced significant (p < 0.05) inhibition over 0 to 4 h. The inhibition produced by AG was reversed by i.v. L-arginine or by coinjection of the vasodilator, calcitonin gene-related peptide. Zymosan (10-100 microg/site) induced an increase in dermal blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and this was inhibited by AG. Neutrophils were depleted selectively with antiserum, but this did not affect plasma extravasation except at the highest dose of zymosan (100 microg/site). Furthermore, zymosan-induced edema was not modified at either time point by pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (30 micromol/kg, s.c., -30 min). In conclusion, in this model of dermal inflammation, it is suggested that inducible NOS inhibitors selectively remove an inducible NOS component that, at least in part, acts to increase microvascular blood flow and thus the edema formation observed during 0 to 4 h. There is no evidence of a contributory role for neutrophils or cyclooxygenase products in this model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of atopy indicators in the adult population of the Zagreb region].

In a sample of 583 subjects (303 men and 280 women) intradermal test with 13 inhalatory allergens, total serum IgE (PRIST Phadezym) determination and nonspecific bronchial reactivity measurement by histamin test, were performed. History data on respiratory symptoms was also taken. The following were evaluated: mean urtica diameter D+d/2 > 8 mm (KT+), value of IgE > 125 IU/ml, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BH), separately in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. In symptomatic smokers total IgE (G.M. IU/ml) was higher in women than in men (177.70:68.20-p < 0.01), and in asymptomatic smokers it was higher in men than in women (50.71:33.79-p < 0.01). A larger number of allergens discriminated skin reactivity between the symptomatic and asymptomatic women (grass, tree and weed pollen-p < 0.001; house dust-p < 0.05), than between the symptomatic and asymptomatic men (grass pollen-p < 0.001). The level of IgE < 125 and > 125 IU/ml discriminated significantly the prevalence of persons with KT+ in the group of symptomatic men (80%:27%-p < 0.001) but not in the group of symptomatic women (77%:67% N.S.). BH only partially coincides with KT+ and raised IgE (> 125 IU/ml) in symptomatic subjects (men 20%, women 23%) and in asymptomatic subjects only in men (8%).

Adult↗