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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[An evaluation of the speech therapy methods for patients after pharyngoplasty.].

PURPOSE: Speech therapy was carried out for patients with speech disorders after pharyngoplasty, and the comparison of speech articulation before and after treatment, was done to evaluate the new method. METHODS: 82 patients with the varying age from 4 to 31 years were included in the current study. The patients' speeches including syllables, word, phrase and sentence were compared before and after treatment according to Chinese Speech Intelligibility Testing Form. The systematic speech training was carried out according to the compensatory articulation characteristics. The steps were as follows. Firstly, the function of velopharyngeal closure should be strengthened. Secondly, the patients were trained with an average duration of 3.83 months (range from 1.5-12 months) according to the following three sequences: One was from phoneme, syllables, phrase, sentence to short paragraph or dialogue, another was from anterior to posterior according to the speech position, and the other was from easy to difficult according to the articulation method, such as from aspirated syllables to non-aspirated syllables, from plosive, fricative to affricative. RESULTS: There were 71 patients with compensatory articulation characteristic of velopharyngeal incompetence, the speech articulation of patients with glottis plosive increased from preoperative 46.27% to postoperative 97.16% (P<0.001). The speech articulation of patients with pharynx fricative increased from preoperative 57.19% to postoperative 97.72% (P<0.001). There were 11 patients with compensatory articulation characteristic of velopharyngeal adequacy, and the speech articulation of 11 patients with palatalized and lateral misarticulation increased from preoperative 71.10% to postoperative 98.55% (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The training of velopharyngeal closure should be emphasized on the patients with compensatory articulation resulting from velopharyngeal incompetence after pharyngoplasty, then the correct speech position and method was established. While to the patients with compensatory articulation without velopharyngeal incompetence after pharyngoplasty, the correct speech position and method could be directly established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy].

The pregnancy is a state of thyroid hyperstimulation, therefore of changes of thyroid hormone values. Results of thyroid hormone measurement have to be analysed in the context of gestation age. Hyperthyroidism, mostly represented by Graves' disease, requires a multidisciplinary management, owing to possible maternal, foetal and neonatal complications. Treatment with antithyroid drugs, is a compromise between the risk of uncontrolled maternal hyperthyroidism and the risk of iatrogenic foetal hypothyroidism. Evaluation of foetal thyroid function considers the titre of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in the mother's blood, the dose of antithyroid drugs to maintain euthyroidism in the mother, and the signs of foetal hyperthyroidism on ultrasound. Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with foetal and maternal morbidity. Untreated or inappropriately treated, it is associated with poorer performances of offspring in intelligence tests. Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with hypofertility, particularly with spontaneous abortion. Screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, although not systematic, should have broad indications.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed2006

A critical assessment of the European Commission's proposals for the risk assessment and registration of chemical substances in the European Union.

In May, 2003, the European Commission published detailed proposals relating to its 2001 White Paper--Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy. The White Paper described a new registration system called the REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system, for both new and existing chemicals. Subsequently, these detailed proposals were available for an eight-week consultation period for stakeholders to voice their views and concerns. In this paper, we describe our reactions to the Commissions more-detailed proposals. These include the creation of a European Chemicals Agency to implement the REACH system in conjunction with Competent Authorities (CAs) in Member States and the Commission itself. Unfortunately, many of our concerns and suggestions, previously voiced and shared with several other key stakeholders, remain unanswered, but are as relevant as when the White Paper was published. In particular, we are concerned about the lack of a clear and coherent strategy. There is no guidance for registrants on intelligent testing to maximise the use of non-animal approaches to safety testing, based on a combination of factors for estimating exposure levels, rather than mainly on production volumes. We are also concerned about the absence of a clear programme for the development, improvement and validation of new alternative methods, in conjunction with the Commissions own unit, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, as well as other organisations with relevant expertise and experience, including FRAME. Finally, we explain why such measures should be introduced, together with clearer guidelines for the respective roles of the Agency, the CAs and the Commission in implementing and harmonising the REACH system at the European Union and Member State levels. A series of recommendations are made, to improve the situation and to improve the risk assessment process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[Design and implementation of an intellectualized measuring instrument for medical electricity security parameters].

An introduction of an intelligent testing instrument for medical electrical equipment security is given in this article. The realization of its testing functions is based on a single-chip processor, the high-voltage control circuit and the relay combination network technology. It can be used to test security parameters such as the continuous leakage current, patient auxiliary current, dielectric strength and protective earth impedance. It is suitable for the medical electricity security testing of Kind I, II and Type B, BF, CF (internal power supply) medical electrical equipments.

Electricity↗
PubMed1991

[How reliable is parental disclosure?].

Research on the reliability and validity of retrospective and actual reports of parents is reviewed. Parents seem to be able to report birth weight, age at first walking alone and academic achievement reliably. Correlations between developmental or intelligence test results and parental estimates are moderate to high. Reports of psychopathological symptoms differ considerably between groups of informants. Item content and method can influence the reliability and validity. A general tendency to overestimate their own child could not be demonstrated.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of mental status of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 in relation to the duration of the illness].

Personality features of 38 men (mean age 31 +/- 7 years) with the diagnosis of the type I diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy subjects of similar age were assessed by MMPI. Diabetics in addition were examined by means the Potential Intelligence Test (TPI). MMPI profiles of three groups of the examines were significantly different and suggested that the circumstances of diabetes mellitus type I and the duration of the disease could be responsible for the changes in the mental state of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A longitudinal study of two early intervention strategies: Project CARE.

65 families with children at risk for cognitive difficulties were randomly assigned at the time of the child's birth to 1 of 3 groups, 2 intervention and 1 control. For the most intensive intervention group, family education was combined with a center-based educational day-care program; the less intensive intervention group received the home-based family education program only. To assess the cognitive performance of children, The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered at 6, 12, and 18 months; the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test at 24, 36, and 48 months; and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 30, 42, and 54 months. On each test after the 6-month assessment, scores of children in the educational day-care plus family support group were greater than those in the other 2 groups. No cognitive intervention effects were obtained for the family education group. Group effects were not obtained for measures of either the quality of the home environment or parent attention.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age migraine and achievement motivation related? A psychophysiological study of responses to real-life achievement stress in young headache sufferers.

Achievement motivation and its physiological correlates were studied in 37 young migrainous headache sufferers (30 females and 7 males) and in 37 matched controls. Temporal and digital pulse amplitude, the EMGs of the m. frontalis, anterior temporalis and corrugator supercilii, heart and respiration rate, head temperature and electrodermal activity were measured during an adaptation session, an examination and an intelligence test. An abnormal response in the temporal artery, which was present in the migrainous headache sufferers, was not associated with achievement motivation. But the latter was positively associated with a high skin conductance level, a greater number of spontaneous skin conductance responses (SCRs) during the examination and a lower digital pulse amplitude in both the migrainous headache and control groups. Higher sympathetic activity in subjects with high achievement motivation was interpreted as an indication of greater mental effort and is a possible contributory factor to an attack in those with migraine.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Instruction on Piagetian concepts for children with mental retardation.

Eighteen children with mild mental retardation were pretested on unidimensional classification (oddity), unidimensional seriation, number conservation, Slosson's Intelligence Test, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The children were instructed on the Piagetian concepts twice per week for 4 months via a learning-set technique. All 315 problems (except 20 verbal classification and 15 verbal seriation items) involved concrete items. When posttested at the semester's end, the children had, with few exceptions, mastered the Piagetian concepts and made significant gains on performance on the PPVT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Observations on early school failure in Zulu children.

The outcome of the screening of 2,190 children who had to repeat the school entry grades (Substandard A) in 25 junior primary schools in two KwaZulu townships is reported and the implications are discussed. The high number of repeaters did not appear to be due to an excess of mentally retarded children, the percentage being similar to that which could be expected in such a community world-wide. Difficulty in intelligence testing was experienced, but we describe how this was overcome by testing speed of learning. Visual defects, hearing defects and having no food before school accounted for the failure of many repeaters. Lack of preschool teaching by parents and schools and very strict discipline necessitated by large classes and a wide range in ages, which both led to anxiety on the part of the pupils, and sending children to school at too young an age were regarded as additional factors. Simple interventions were suggested to the school teachers; more than 1,000 pupils were followed up, with encouraging results.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Rigidity in mentally retarded and nonretarded children.

The dependence of rigidity on task difficulty was examined. The hypothesis was that mentally retarded subjects would be more rigid than would nonretarded subjects on difficult but not on easy tasks. An intelligence test and seven rigidity tests varying in difficulty were administered to 45 retarded and 45 MA-matched nonretarded subjects. Factor analyses yielded one rigidity factor for the retarded group and two for the nonretarded group. In both groups the rigidity tests were interrelated and formed a Guttman simplex structure in terms of difficulty. The groups did not differ on three easy tests but did differ on four more difficult tests. The results were interpreted mainly in a motivational framework, with implications concerning mental retardation and rigidity as an interactional concept.

Attention↗
PubMed1990

[Preventive vocational measures for adolescents with asthma and allergies--a model project].

The difficulties encountered by asthmatic and allergic youngsters faced with choosing a career represent a problem that is gaining in relevance. The general prohibition of certain trades is, for many of those involved, both unsatisfactory and lacing in future prospects. In a model project supported by the Federal Institute of Labour is intended to help young people with asthma and allergies. By means of an interdisciplinary programme involving psychologists, teachers, instructors and physicians, the youngsters are given advice on how to chose a career/profession on the basis of their personal interests, abilities, job suitability and health situation. Between September 1987 and March 1989, 50 persons, including 43 asthmatics participated in this programme. In contrast to the poor level of schooling, the intelligence test revealed a normal distribution. The psychological stress tolerance was reduced in two-thirds of the subjects. In 7 cases, workplace-associated changes in pulmonary function were established; in 11 cases workplace-related dermatological problems were seen. Only one-third of the youngsters were considered suitable for careers in industry; the majority were advised to take advantage of the training or rehabilitation possibilities offered by the Federal Institute of Labour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Emotional disturbance and the development of self-consciousness in adolescence.

The development of self-consciousness and its relationship to emotional disturbance was examined in early and late adolescence. The Imaginary Audience Scale was administered to emotionally disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents. As predicted, results indicated that self-consciousness decreased with age in nondisturbed adolescents. For the emotionally disturbed adolescents, the development of self-consciousness in temporary situations did not follow consistent patterns, as indicated by interaction effects. A significant negative relationship was found between intelligence test scores and self-consciousness in the disturbed group. The findings support the premise that social-cognitive shifts found in early to late adolescence are disrupted in disturbed populations. The mediating role of social experience as a factor in cognitive and emotional development is discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Before the big time: early history of the Training School at Vineland, 1888 to 1949.

Leaders of the Training School at Vineland made major contributions to the field of mental retardation from 1890 to 1940. S. O. Garrison originated the cottage plan and emphasized education and self-support. E. R. Johnstone pioneered teacher training, published a journal, initiated social action programs, and established a research laboratory. H. H. Goddard standardized the Binet-Simon scales in the United States, validated heredity as a cause of mental retardation, and hosted the production of the first group intelligence tests. S. D. Porteus supplemented the Binet with measures of personality. E. A. Doll established that birth injury could cause mental retardation, investigated the educability of profoundly retarded individuals, produced the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and fostered electroencephalographic research.

Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilitie↗
PubMed1988

[Methohexital/alfentanil-thiopental/alfentanil for total intravenous anesthesia for direct laryngoscopy with 100% O2 jet ventilation].

For the direct laryngoscopy and microscopic examination of the larynx with exploratory excision and pulpectomy using low frequency jet-ventilation with 100% oxygen we used total intravenous anaesthesia with a strong acting opioid and a barbiturate. Because the achievement of sufficient reflexes and a high degree of vigilance postoperatively are to be aimed, Methohexitone (M) and Thiopentone (T) were investigated in the regard of the suppression of vigilance in the postoperative period. 40 patients were randomly assigned to the group M (n = 20) or T (n = 20). The evening before operation, an intelligence test and a syndrome-short-test (SST) were performed for the measurement of attention and memory (functional psychosis). The patients received 2 mg Flunitrazepam orally and transdermal Scopolamine. On the day of operation the patients received 1 mg Lormetazepam orally for premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg Alcuronium, 1 mg Alfentanil, 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight M respectively 5 mg/kg bodyweight T and 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight Succinylcholine. Immediately before laryngoscopy the patients received 2-4 mg Alfentanil. Muscle relaxation was achieved by an infusion with Succinylcholine using relaxometry. Methohexitone respectively Thiopentone were administered by infusion depending on clinical signs indicating insufficient anaesthesia. The following parameters were measured: Blood pressure, heart rate, duration of operation and anaesthesia, parameters of vigilance 30, 60 and 120 minutes after operation (SST) and the ability of performance. The groups were comparable with respect to all data except the parameters of vigilance. The patients receiving M were significantly more vigilant 30 min., 60 min. (SST) and 120 min (SST) after the end of anaesthesia than patients receiving T (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pediatric central auditory dysfunction. Comparison of children with confirmed lesions versus suspected processing disorders.

This study compared and contrasted results on pure tone audiometry, acoustic reflexes, and the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test in children with either documented or suspected central auditory dysfunction. Ages ranged from 3 years, 2 months, to 8 years, 4 months. In children with confirmed CNS lesions, results were consistently normal for children with lesions in nonauditory areas of the brain and consistently abnormal for children with lesions in areas of the brain important for auditory perceptual function. The patterns of abnormality were consistent with previous findings in adults. In children with suspected central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs), audiometric findings typically showed normal hearing sensitivity, abnormal (rising) audiometric contours, normal acoustic reflexes, normal degraded monotic speech perception, and abnormal dichotic speech perception. This pattern of results was similar to findings in children with confirmed temporal lobe lesions. Overall, results supported an auditory perceptual, rather than a linguistic, basis for CAPDs.

Auditory Diseases, Central↗
PubMed1988

Multiple personality disorder. A clinical investigation of 50 cases.

To study the clinical phenomenology of multiple personality, 50 consecutive patients with DSM-III multiple personality disorder were assessed using clinical history, psychiatric interview, neurological examination, electroencephalogram, MMPI, intelligence testing, and a variety of psychiatric rating scales. Results revealed that patients with multiple personality are usually women who present with depression, suicide attempts, repeated amnesic episodes, and a history of childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse. Also common were headaches, hysterical conversion, and sexual dysfunction. Intellectual level varied from borderline to superior. The MMPI reflected underlying character pathology in addition to depression and dissociation. Significant neurological or electroencephalographical abnormalities were infrequent. These data suggest that the etiology of multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The recall of information from memory by patients with memory disorders].

The way amnesics perform in a verbal fluency task was the subject of this study. More in particular the question was raised if amnesics (N = 15) would organize the semantic category (animals) in semantic fields as a strategy in the retrieval of category exemplars. It was shown that word production was deficient in comparison with normative data (Groninger Intelligence Test). A qualitative analysis of the retrieval process revealed that there was only a minor number of clusters in the protocols. It was concluded that amnesics searched for individual words. A cued retrieval condition yielded significant better results.

Adult↗