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PubMed1962

The identification of infective filarial larvae in Simuliidae.

Although it is recognized that the presence of animal filariae can lead to confusion in the interpretation of infection rates in mosquito vectors of filariasis, the filariae found in man-biting simuliids are usually assumed to be Onchocerca volvulus. The authors of this paper emphasize that it is unwise to calculate transmission indices from infection rates in man-biting simuliids unless there is confidence in the identification of the filarial larvae. In this respect they cite their observations on Mount Elgon in Uganda which show that the majority of the filarial larvae in Simulium neavei-the local vector of onchocerciasis-are of species that do not affect man.To assist in the correct interpretation of infection rates in the vectors the authors made a detailed study of the morphological character of O. volvulus infective larvae and established criteria for distinguishing O. volvulus from other filariae known to be transmitted by simuliids.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

The vector of filariasis in Djakarta and its bionomics.

The authors present the results of an investigation, carried out in 1956-57 in the Rawasari district of Djakarta, to determine the vector of Bancroftian filariasis and to study its bionomics.Culex pipiens fatigans was the only species found to harbour the larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti in the area surveyed, and even in this mosquito the infection rate was very low. Among 24 271 C. p. fatigans dissected, the rate of infection with larvae of all stages was 1.8% and the rate of infection with larvae of the mature (infective) stage was 0.3%. It was established, however, that transmission occurred throughout the year, with a maximum in September. The density of larvae of all stages per dissected mosquito was 0.12 and that of the infective-stage larvae per dissected mosquito was 0.014. The potential transmission index was calculated to be 0.26.As to the bionomics of C. p. fatigans in Rasawari district, the study revealed that the density of mosquitos was highest in July and August, that mosquito-nets, clothes, hanging objects and furniture were the preferred resting-places, and that feeding took place mostly after midnight.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

The identification of the larvae of African Simulium.

Identification of the larval stages of African Simulium-vectors of onchocerciasis-is becoming increasingly important. In this paper attention is drawn to the principal morphological structures that are of value for identification and illustrations are given to indicate the various characters mentioned. The author provides an identification key to the larvae of the different species-groups of African Simulium and to the larvae of those species of most importance to man, and also presents a tentative key by which a larva may be placed in the probable instar of its development.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Anopheles leucosphyrus identified as a vector of monkey malaria in Malaya.

Anopheles leucosphyrus, an important vector of human malaria in Sarawak, Borneo, was shown to be infected with Plasmodium inui in Malaya by the inoculation of sporozoites into an uninfected rhesus monkey. The mosquito was caught while biting a man, thus demonstrating that it would be possible for a monkey infection to be transmitted to man in nature.

Animals↗