Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Fructosamine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Manometric evaluation of esophageal motor activity during diabetes mellitus].

Intraluminal manometry was used to assess the motor activity of the oesophagus and upper (UES) and low (LES) oesophageal sphincter in 10 patients, 5 female and 5 male, average age 35.9 range 17-50, suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Non-invasive cardiovascular tests were also performed to evaluate autonomous neuropathy together with control tests of glyco-metabolic compensation (fructosamine and HbA1c). An increase in the basic tone of the UES was observed in 8 patients while in 3 this was associated with its incomplete release. Five patients evidenced aspecific motor disturbance such as spontaneous motor activity characterised by repetitive segmentary waves at times with biphasic appearance. IOS activity was within normal limits. It is considered that these disturbances may be attributable to the autonomous neuropathy that often complicates diabetes mellitus and that oesophageal motor disturbance, albeit aspecific, should be considered an early sign of autonomous neuropathy. It is therefore though that manometric oesophageal study may be considered a useful investigative tool for early evidencing of disturbances linked to autonomous neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Influence of moderate exercise on glucose homeostasis and serum testosterone in young men with low HDL-cholesterol level.

Fifty-five healthy sedentary non smoking and non obese 24-26-year-old men with a low serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol were selected for a study of the effect of nine weeks of exercise on glucose homeostasis, and blood testosterone. The participants were randomized into two groups. Twenty-eight subjects were assigned to a nine-week program of submaximal aerobic exercise three times weekly, while 27 were assigned to a non exercising control group. The improvement in physical fitness was assessed by change in estimated oxygen consumption (EVO2 max) that was increased by 15% in the exercise group (p less than 0.001), but remained unchanged in the control group. During the study the body weight of both groups remained essentially unchanged. There was a significant reduction of mean plasma fructosamine in the exercise group, and non significant reduction in serum insulin. Serum testosterone, glycohemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol were not influenced by exercise, while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The use of captopril and captopril plus frusemide as antihypertensive agents in non-insulin dependent diabetes.

After all previous antihypertensive treatment had been stopped, blood pressure and glucose tolerance were measured in 16 hypertensive non-insulin treated diabetics before and again six weeks after treatment with captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Supine blood pressure fell from 184 +/- 4.1/103 +/- 2.6 to 165 +/- 5.2/88 +/- 2.1 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and erect from 179 +/- 5.2/102 +/- 3.2 to 158 +/- 5.6/87 +/- 2.6 mmHg (P less than 0.005). The area under the oral glucose tolerance curve fell from 2313.6 +/- 154 to 2192.8 +/- 146 mmol/min/l (P less than 0.02). There was no change in plasma insulin, total glycosylated haemoglobin or fructosamine. Four patients who failed to show lowering of supine diastolic pressure below 95 mmHg were additionally given oral frusemide with further improvement in blood pressure and no alteration in carbohydrate intolerance. It was concluded that captopril alone is usually an effective antihypertensive agent in non-insulin dependent diabetes with the addition of frusemide benefiting resistant cases. Glucose intolerance did not worsen with either captopril alone or captopril plus frusemide.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1995

[Influence on glycemic control of improved diabetic gastroparesis by long-term cisapride therapy].

To investigate the effect on glycemic control of improving diabetic gastroparesis, we evaluated symptoms (scored), gastric motor functions (solid and liquid gastric emptying studies and electrogastrography), and glycemic control in 11 patients with diabetic gastroparesis (5 men, 6 women, 50.4 +/- 4.5 years old) before and after treatment with cisapride (15 mg/day p.o., 12 weeks). None of the patients had organic abnormalities on gastrointestinal endoscopy. The dysmotility symptom score (maximum: 18) on cisapride significantly improved from 13.1 to 4.0 (p < 0.01). Retention rates at 15 and 80 minutes after ingestion improved in a solid-food gastric emptying study using a test meal of instant noodles labeled with 37 MBq (1 mCi) technetium-99m (both p < 0.05). Liquid gastric emptying, evaluated using a sulfamethizole technique, also improved but not significantly. Electrogastrography revealed no significant changes after treatment, but the postprandial rate of normal frequency waves tended to increase. Glycemic control was assessed based on HbA1C, fructosamine and M value. There were no significant changes in glycemic control after treatment with cisapride. We conclude that long-term administration of cisapride reduced dysmotility symptoms and improved solid and liquid gastric emptying without adversely affecting glycemic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in levels of human placenta lactogen (hPL), progesterone, and estriol in blood serum and estrogens in urine during gestational diabetes mellitus].

The aim of the study was estimation of endocrinological function of placenta in pregnancy complicated by GDM. The study were performed on a group 13 women with GDM and 14 women in normal pregnancy. All women with GDM were treat by diet and intensive insulinotherapy with self monitoring levels of glucose. In women with GDM level of fructosamine and HbAlc were significant higher but in normal range. In 28, 36, 37, 38, 39 week of pregnancy were determined levels of hPL, oestriol and progesterone in serum and daily excretion of oestrogens in urine. From 36 week of pregnancy levels of hPL, oestriol and progesterone were significant lower in women with GDM. In 39 week of pregnancy level of hPL was 9.34 micrograms/ml vs. 12.71 micrograms/ml, p < 0.01, oestriol was 495.77 nmol/l vs. 681.14 nmol/l, p < 0.01 and progesterone was 25.12 ng/ml vs. 34.52 ng/ml, p < 0.01 respectively in women with GDM and in normal pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Increased levels of soluble adhesion molecules in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus are independent of glycaemic control.

Patients with Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of thrombosis and the premature development of atherosclerosis. This may be related to damage to the endothelium (which may be the primary target tissue for the disease process) resulting from a loss of normal glycaemic metabolic control. Thus changes in endothelial cell function, such as modified release of soluble leukocyte and platelet adhesion molecules, may be important. Accordingly, E-selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWf), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) were measured in serum from 60 patients and 76 controls. Raised levels of vWf (p = 0.0002), E-selectin (p < 0.0001) and VCAM (p = 0.003) in patient's samples failed to correlate with glycaemic control as assessed by levels of fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin, or with 24 h urine albumin. Levels of ICAM were not increased in our patients. Levels of the two endothelial cell products, vWf and E-selectin, failed to correlate although E-selectin correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.016). vWf correlated with VCAM (p < 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.032). We conclude that levels of soluble adhesion molecules vWf, E-selectin and VCAM are raised in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms for these changes appear to be independent of glycaemic control but may relate to concurrent hypertension and/or hypercholesterolaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of modified low density lipoprotein and hypoxia on the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1.

OBJECTIVES: Expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1 or CD62E) plays a role as an early event of atherogenesis. It is well known that interleukin-1 (IL-1) expresses ELAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells. We have examined pathological factors that induce ELAM-1 expression on cultured endothelial cells. METHODS: Examined factors were native low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL, glycated LDL, hypoxia, and IL-1. Peroxidation of LDL was performed by ultraviolet radiation. Hypoxia was reproduced by adding a hypoxic cell-culture medium that was deoxygenated by use of a vacuum pump and nitrogen gas. Endothelial cells were harvested from a porcine aorta and were allowed to proliferate to be subconfluent in slide chambers. Expression of ELAM-1 was evaluated by counting the number of cells that were characterized by positive staining with the immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Without any stimulants, about 6.9% of the endothelial cells expressed ELAM-1. Weakly oxidized LDL (12 pmol/micrograms protein) significantly expressed ELAM-1 (14.8%) after an incubation period of 1 hour. Glycated LDL induced significant expressions (12.6%) in a fructosamine concentration of 65 pmol/micrograms protein. A one-hour incubation with a hypoxic culture medium expressed ELAM-1 in 16.3% of the cells. Native LDL did not cause any significant increases in the percentage. IL-1 expressed ELAM-1 in 30% of the cells even with as low a concentration as 3.1 U/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that not only IL-1 but also weakly oxidized LDL, glycated LDL, and hypoxia may be possible factors that cause the expression of ELAM-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Clinical evaluation of pravastatin in the treatment of type II hyperlipidemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The study was conducted on 30 NIDDM patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. They consisted of 13 males and 17 females with the mean (+/- S.D.) age of 60.6 +/- 7.6 year. They were treated with a daily dose of 10 mg pravastatin given orally twice a day for 16 weeks. Their mean (+/- S.D.) serum TC, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C levels at week 0 were 259.7 +/- 22.6, 177.4 +/- 20.3, 173.9 +/- 62.3 and 44.0 +/- 9.9 mg/dl respectively. After receiving pravastatin the maximal reduction of TC, LDL-C and TG was 22.9, 31.2 and 17.1 per cent with statistical significant difference from the baseline. The maximal increment of HDL-C was 11.9 per cent, also showing statistical significant difference from the baseline. Plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin were not affected by pravastatin. There were no significant changes in the patients' body weight and other biochemical parameters except for one case who had transient slight increase in transaminase during pravastatin treatment. These results indicate that pravastatin is an effective and safe drug in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Plasma endothelin levels in NIDDM patients with macroangiopathy.

To determine whether plasma endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is elevated in NIDDM patients, we compared a group of 15 NIDDM patients with macroangiopathy of mean age 60.60 +/- 2.33 years with 15 NIDDM randomly selected matched patients without macroangiopathy. Plasma endothelin levels were significantly increased in NIDDM patients with macroangiopathy (4.22 +/- 0.57 pmol/L) and in NIDDM patients without macroangiopathy (3.81 +/- 0.51 pmol/L). Although endothelin values did not differ between NIDDM groups, both represented significant difference from control values (2.46 +/- 0.24 pmol/L). No significant correlations were found between plasma endothelin and age (rs = 0.11), duration of diabetes mellitus (rs = 0.06), BMI (rs = 0.19), plasma glucose (rs = 0.15), plasma fructosamine (rs = 0.02). These findings confirm that in diabetes mellitus a primary disturbance in endothelin production from vascular endothelium exists as an early phenomenon rather than a result of advanced stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prediction of hypertension by the insulinogenic index in young Ethiopian immigrants.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperinsulinaemia may be associated with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. In the present study we compared the consequence of immigration from Ethiopia to Israel in order to elucidate environmental effects on these variables. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of 337 young, male Ethiopian immigrants who were placed in boarding schools were divided into two groups: group I was in Israel for < 3 months (n = 180) and group II was in Israel for > 2 years (n = 157). Both groups were attending the same schools and were fed from the same kitchens. METHODS: Sitting blood pressure, body mass index, triceps skinfold width, fasting lipids insulin and glucose levels were measured and a standard (75-g) oral glucose-tolerance test was performed. RESULTS: Both groups had similar body mass index. Group I was younger than group II. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Hypertension was more prevalent in group II. Impaired glucose tolerance (from the oral glucose-tolerance test) prevalence did not differ between the groups, neither did the glycosylated haemoglobin nor fructosamine level. The insulinogenic index (ratio of the areas under the curve of the insulin to that of the glucose level during the oral glucose-tolerance test) was significantly higher in group II. Total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in group II. In stepped multiple regression analysis, belonging to group II and having higher insulinogenic index predicted hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional comparison of young, very lean Ethiopian immigrants found those with longer residence in Israel and higher insulinogenic index to have a threefold increase in the prevalence of hypertension in addition to acquiring higher cholesterol levels, indicating that in this ethnically distinct population environmental factors significantly affected the cardiovascular risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Lipoprotein(a): its concentrations in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

BACKGROUND: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by an increased risk of having cardiovascular diseases which have been associated to, among other factors, an increase in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. METHODS: With the aim of analyzing the relationship between Lp(a) plasma levels and the degree of metabolic control in infantile diabetes mellitus their levels have been evaluated in children with IDDM and correlated with the degree of metabolic control and the length of disease evolution. The study was performed in a sample of 41 children diagnosed with IDDM and ages ranging from 2 to 9 years, and 82 normolipemic healthy children corresponding to the same ages and an equal proportion by sex. Cholesterol and total triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI and B were determined in all. Fasting glycemia, glycohemoglobin, serum fructosamine and creatinine clearance were used as markers of metabolic disease control. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the Lp(a) values among sexes or age in the control group. Upon comparison of the Lp(a) values of the diabetic patients with the control group, no significant differences were observed. In the diabetic children, no differences were found between the Lp(a) values according to the glycohemoglobin values (X +/- SD g/l) (< 8% 0.16 +/- 0.13); (> or = 8% 0.21 +/- 0.26). The Lp(a) values were only increased in diabetic children with more than 5 years of evolution (control: 0.12 +/- 0.14, IDDM < or = 5 years; 0.16 +/- 0.16 and IDDM > 5 years: 0.34 +/- 0.31 [p < 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS: The plasma levels of Lp(a) in diabetic children are significantly related to the length of disease evolution and are independent of the degree of metabolic control.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

The level of metabolic control in low income Mexico City Diabetics. The Mexico City Diabetes Study.

The importance of good metabolic control in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unquestionable. Measurements of the level of control (LC) are available such as glycohemoglobin (GH) and fructosamine (FA). The aims of this study are: to estimate LC in a population based case series of type II DM patients, to assess the effect of clinical, metabolic and sociodemographic variables usually associated with the LC and to estimate the clinical impact of the LC on vascular complications of DM. A low income area of Mexico City was enumerated. All males and non-pregnant females between 35-64 years of age were considered eligible. Home interview was obtained in 2813 and a medical exam including an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 2282 (65.1%). Three hundred and four subjects met the criteria (WHO) for DM. Three years later, 213 (70.1%) were located for GH and FA measurements. Cases were divided according to the level of GH: Group I, good LC (GH < or = 8.6%, n = 66); and group II poor LC (GH > or = 8.7%, n = 147). A significant difference was observed in the mean value of FA between groups (Group I 255 +/- 52.3 mumol/dl. Group II 306.4 +/- 51.1; p < 0.001). In comparison with subjects with good LC, patients with poor LC had higher values of duration of DM (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p < 0.04), fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and lower values of fasting insulin (p < 0.07), LDL cholesterol (p < 0.006) and VLDL cholesterol (p < 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Lp(a) serum concentrations in diabetes mellitus].

Lp(a) has been considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, mainly for coronary heart disease. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated elevation of Lp(a) serum concentration in diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients, but there is little information available concerning the importance of Lp(a) in these patients. We investigated the relationship between Lp(a) serum concentration and the presence of chronic diabetic complications. Lp(a) was determined in 14 IDDM patients and 62 NIDDM patients. Median Lp(a) serum concentration in diabetics was 21.8 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than in nondiabetic controls described before. Glucose, HbA1c, fructosamine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, B and E were not associated with raised Lp(a) values. With increasing Lp(a) levels, higher prevalences of retinopathy and of albuminuria were observed. We conclude that in diabetic patients, Lp(a) levels are elevated compared with non-diabetic subjects, and that higher Lp(a) levels are associated with higher prevalences of retinopathy and of albuminuria.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of perindopril on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension and glucose intolerance.

The effect of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on glucose and lipid metabolism was evaluated in 12 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension and glucose intolerance. Perindopril was administered at a dosage of 2 to 8 mg once daily for 12 weeks. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced throughout the treatment period. There were no significant changes in the insulinogenic index (delta plasma immunoreactive insulin/delta plasma glucose) calculated from the results of 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests performed before and after perindopril treatment. Serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine, lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were also not affected. These results suggest that perindopril can be used effectively to treat hypertension in patients with glucose intolerance without affecting glucose and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Relation between hypertriacylglycerolemia and the action of insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus].

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolaemia are part of the X syndrome and are supposed to be interrelated. The objective of the present trial was to evaluate the impact of hypolipidaemic treatment on the action of insulin evaluated by means of a so-called hyperinsulimaemic clamp and by examination of insulin receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS: To eight type 2 diabetics with mild hypertriacylglycerolaemia for three months ethophylline clofibrate (Duolip) was administered and for three months phenofibrate (Lipanthyl). Before and during treatment parameters of diabetes compensation were examined (blood sugar level, fructosamine and glycolysate haemoglobin), insulin sensitivity, using an isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp and insulin receptors on red blood cells. Lipanthyl caused a more marked drop of triacylglycerol (by 46%) than Duolip forte (by 20%). Hypolipidaemic treatment did not affect diabetes compensation. As compared with healthy subjects, in diabetics before treatment a reduced insulin sensitivity was found, evaluated either by the index of insulin sensitivity (24.0 +/- 0.8, as compared with 35.5 +/- 4.9 mumol/kg/min per mU/l x 100, p < 0.05) or metabolic glucose clearance (3.7 +/- 0.9, as compared with 6.3 +/- 1.0 ml/kg/min, p < 0.01) and a slightly reduced insulin bond with receptors (p < 0.05). Duolip treatment led to a drop of insulin sensitivity and concurrent rise of affinity of insulin receptors (p < 0.01), while Lipanthyl was not manifested by marked changes. The authors did not find a significant correlation between the drop of triacylglycerol levels and insulin sensitivity in different types of treatment, which obviously is due to the small number of examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with ethophylline clofibrate of fenofibrate was not manifested in type 2 diabetics by a changes in the compensation of the disease. Hypertriacylglycerolaemia exists as an independent factor which is rather the consequence than cause of insulin resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical laboratory tests in diabetes mellitus].

The clinical diagnosis of diabetes is often prompted by symptoms such as increased thirst and urine volume, and weight loss. High levels of glucosuria are usually present. A single blood glucose estimation of diagnostic value indicated > or = 200 mg/dl at random, or > or = 140 mg/dl at fasting in specimens of venous plasma. Only if blood glucose values lie in the uncertain range (i.e., between the level that establish or exclude diabetes) need an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) be considered in order to establish the diagnosis status. Diagnostic interpretation of the 75 g OGTT responses is performed by the criteria of the expert committee of the Japan Diabetic Society. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, HbA1) is widely used as a cumulative estimate of the mean blood glucose concentration over the preceding one approximately two months. Reference ranges of HbA1c are 4 approximately 6%. Labile glycohemoglobin often influences the estimate. Fructosamine and glycated albumin are also used as means of evaluating the degree of control. These data reveal the mean blood glucose concentration over the preceding 2 weeks. 1.5-Anhydroglucitol in blood is measured as a means of diagnosis and control evaluation of diabetes. Microalbuminuria is widely measured for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Recently other microproteinuria such as urinary transferrin and IgG are assayed for the same purpose. There are highly significant correlations between microalbuminuria and urinary transferrin or IgG.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Moderate exercise improves glucose metabolism in uncontrolled elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Exercise should be an integral part of the treatment in non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients, yet most of these patients' performance is low, mainly because of their obesity and concomitant macrovascular disease. We studied the influence of a moderate exercise training on parameters of glucose control in NIDDM patients. Forty patients aged 56.6 +/- 6.6 years were assigned randomly according to age and sex into exercise and control groups. The exercise group trained for 45 min 3 times weekly for 12 weeks, while the control group did not change their lifestyle. At the end of the study the exercise group had a significant reduction in plasma levels of triglycerides, fructosamine and glycohemoglobin. The improvement in metabolic control persisted significantly in patients who continued to exercise at varying levels at home during 1 year of follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Haemostatic abnormalities persist despite glycaemic improvement by insulin therapy in lean type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of the hemostatic system, which might contribute to the development of diabetic vascular disease. We investigated the effect of metabolic improvement by insulin therapy on the haemostatic system in 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary sulfonylurea failure compared with 45 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. Median age was 65, median diabetes duration 10 years. Median HbA1c (10%) and fructosamine (4.0 mM) levels were elevated before induction of therapy and decreased significantly within 6 months of insulin treatment to 7.5% and 3.0 mM, respectively (p < 0.0001). Compared with control subjects, median plasma levels of fibrinogen (317 vs 286 mg/dl), coagulation factor VII activity (1.1 vs 0.89 U/l), von Willebrand factor (1.6 vs 1.3 U/l), D-dimer (105 vs 86 micrograms/l), protein C:Ag (1.24 vs 0.95 U/l), total protein S:Ag (1.15 vs 0.91 U/l), and antithrombin III activity (1.17 vs 1.08 U/l) were significantly elevated. Levels of free protein S were not different from control values. No significant decline of coagulation parameters could be recorded during insulin therapy. Patients with diabetic vasculopathy had higher levels of D-dimer than those without (133 vs 76 micrograms/l before, 109 vs 88 micrograms/l during therapy), whereas the other haemostatic parameters were not different. Our data indicate a significant activation of the coagulation system in diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs, with signs of a prethrombotic state and endothelial cell disturbance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗