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Results for “EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of efferent neurons of different types in the motor cortex of the cat].

Distribution of efferent neurones of different categories was studied in the cat sensorimotor cortex: pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems and cortico-thalamic cells, whose axons end in the ventroposterolateral nucleus and medial geniculate body. In the major part of cortical microareas (88%) several output cells were found which could belong equally to one or several different categories. In some vertical cortical tracks no output neurones of the investigated categories were discovered. In tracks with efferent neurones, cortical areas with a definite set of output cells usually represented cylinders of 500-700 mcm in height. Separate microareas differed from each other by sets of fast or slow cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cornelia de Lange's syndrome. Report of a case associating pulmonary hypoplasia and elevated thyroxine-binding globulin.

A typical case of Cornelia de Lange's syndrome occurring in an eight year old girl is described herein. As well as the recognized features (osseous and cutaneous anomalies, including hirsutism, mental and growth retardation), this patient showed right pulmonary hypoplasia. Endocrine studies showed no evidence of pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal hypofunction. Thyroxine-binding globulin, however, was elevated, with normal thyroxine by radioimmunoassay and euthyroid state. The authors suggest the possibility of a genetically elevated thyroxin-binding globulin.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Tardive dyskinesia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Participation of subcortical formations in regulating motor asymmetry in the cat during elaboration of an instrumental active defensive reflex].

Parameters of motor asymmetry and the process of learning were studied in cats during elaboration of an active defensive reflex, following unilateral coagulation of various subcortical formations, predominantly of the extrapyramidal system. The changes of these parameters developed after the coagulation independently of each other. Lesion of the globus pallidus was attended, as a rule, with non-reversible changes of motor asymmetry and slight changes of the learning parameter. Destruction of the putamen and claustrum produced temporary disturbances of lateralization and learning processes. At early stages of the instrumental habit elaboration, the destruction of pathways passing in the internal capsule from different cortical structures to formations of the extrapyramidal system, brings about changes in the parameters of motor asymmetry and the learning process; at final stages--a similar lesion does not affect either parameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Pathogenesis of infantile cerebral palsy].

Some causes of the pathological activity of postural reflexes and other motor disturbances underlying the clinical picture of infantile cerebral paralysis are considered. It is shown that disturbed metabolism of corticosteroids observed in that disease, as well as impaired functional activity of T lymphocytes promote the development of both inflammatory and neuroimmune processes in the brain, mainly in large hemispheres--and this may be one of the causes of the pathological postural activity.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

The pharmacology of 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DS 103-282), a novel myotonolytic agent.

5-Chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DS 103-282) is a centrally acting agent with a novel chemical structure and a pharmacological profile different from that of myotonolytic drugs in current use such as diazepam, baclofen and dantrolene. It inhibits alpha- and gamma-rigidity in rats, reflex muscle tone in rabbits and the linguomandibular reflex in cats at low doses, but has little or no effect on gross spinal reflexes or electrically-induced segmental reflexes in cats. The mechanism underlying the muscle relaxation is unknown. Effects on convulsions induced by impaired GABA-transmission and by strychnine suggest a possible influence on glycine-mediated neurotransmission. In muscle-relaxing doses, DS 103-282 is without appreciable sedative, haemodynamic or neurochemical effects. Clinical investigations have confirmed the pharmacological predictions with regard to both the myotonolytic activity and the low propensity to produce side-effects.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1981

[Synaptic processes in red nucleus neurons induced in the cat by stimulation of the substantia nigra].

Peculiarities of synaptic processes in red nucleus neurons evoked by stimulation of various parts of substantia nigra and cerebellar interposital nucleus were studied in acute experiments in cats using an intracellular recording technique. Such stimulation is stated to induce mono- and polysynaptic activation of the rubrospinal neurons. Great similarity is found in developing monosynaptic cerebellar and nigral excitatory effects. Convergence of these influences onto the same rubro-spinal neurons is revealed. Functional significance of inputs from substantia nigra to the red nucleus for performance of movements is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Encephalitis lethargica].

We report the case of a 34-year old patient who first complained of fever, confusion and transient ophthalmoplegia and then developed akinetic mutism, frontal lobe, pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal signs. Clinical and electrophysiological data support a diagnosis of encephalitis lethargica. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintensive lesions in various brain regions. The patient responded to corticosteroid treatment. Two years after the onset of the first clinical signs he had recovered completely and today, after 5 years, he shows no sign of disease.

Adult↗