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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Erythrokeratolysis hiemalis--keratolytic winter erythema or 'Oudtshoorn Skin'. A new epidermal genodermatosis with its histological features.

A new autosomal, dominantly inherited epidermal disorder is described in which a spreading dissection of the stratum corneum with redness of the palms and soles occurs as a result of a centrifugal necrobiosis of the Malpighian layer below it. Iis is seen characteristically in winter. In extensive cases the limbs and trunk are affected with gyrate scaling erythemas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Erythema multiforme: demonstration of immune complexes in the sera and skin lesions.

In twenty patients with erythema multiforme we investigated circulating immune complexes and their deposition in the skin lesions. CIq-binding activity was elevated in ten of twenty patients, and the platelet aggregation titre was high in three of twelve tested sera. Decreased levels of C3 were seen in two and of C4 in one out of eighteen patients. Direct immunofluorescence showed a deposition of C3, IgM or IgG in the blood vessel walls of the upper dermis in four of twelve patients. These findings may suggest that transient production of circulating immune complexes and their deposition play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution.

The preventive effect of low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution in recurrent herpes simplex of the skin and oral mucous membrane is reported. Treatment with zinc sulphate solution of the skin at the site of the herpetic infection also prevents relapse of post-herpetic erythema multiforme. For the skin, 0.025-0.05%, and for the oral mucous membrane, 0.01-0.025% zinc sulphate solution was used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Immunological studies on aphthous ulcer and erythema nodosum-like eruptions in Behcet's disease.

Patients with Behcet's disease show an intense delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction to a group of streptococcal bacteria. We have attempted to detect deposits of immune complexes and to analyse cytological reactions in the aphthous ulcers and erythema nodosum (EN)-like eruptions. Deposits of IgM and positive fluorescence of anti-streptococcal group D serum were found in vessel walls and sites infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Cytological analysis has revealed that the inflammatory infiltrating cells are mainly composed of activated T-cells and macrophages in association with natural killer cells. These results suggest that DH reactions with antigen-antibody mediated cytotoxicity may play an important role in causing the lesions of Behcet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of anti-reactional drugs on complement components in the type II, erythema nodosum leprosum, reaction.

Seventeen patients with the type II (erythema nodosum leprosum) (ENL) reaction were studied. They received multidrug therapy and also the anti-reactional drugs prednisolone clofazimine or chloroquin, and we measured serum levels of complement components before treatment and after the reaction had subsided. Factor B was significantly elevated after treatment with each of the three drugs. C3 levels were significantly increased after treatment, the largest change being in patients treated with clofazimine. In these patients there was also a concomitant decrease in C3d levels. This suggests that clofazimine has complement modulating activity and we would recommend it as the drug of choice in treatment of the ENL reaction.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1989

Cholinergic pruritus, erythema and urticaria: a disease spectrum responding to danazol.

Cholinergic pruritus and cholinergic erythema are relatively rare conditions believed to represent variants of cholinergic urticaria. We report an extremely severe and unusual case demonstrating features of both these variants before evolving into more classical cholinergic urticaria. This strongly supports the view that all three syndromes are variations of the same disease. This case demonstrated a dramatic symptomatic response to danazol which has not previously been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Erythema elevatum diutinum mimicking porphyria cutanea tarda.

A case of erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) closely resembling porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is reported. The initial skin biopsies were suggestive for PCT but porphyrin levels in the urine, stool and plasma were normal. A further biopsy from an early cutaneous lesion showed a leucocytoclastic vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel walls.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detection of HSV-specific DNA in biopsy tissue of patients with erythema multiforme by polymerase chain reaction.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsies of lesions of erythema multiforme (EM) from 32 patients and 13 controls were examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for histological findings by direct immunofluorescence and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. HSV-specific DNA was detected in 23 (72%) patients. A history of recurrent skin rash was present in 59% of the PCR-positive cases, while 55% had had suspected HSV infections. Only two PCR-positive specimens were found in patients without a history of recurrent rash and/or previous oral lesions. One biopsy was positive for HSV by conventional cell cultures. There was no significant difference in histology between HSV-related and HSV-negative cases of EM. In the 13 control specimens [bullous pemphigoid (3), dermatitis herpetiformis (2), lichen planus (1), aphthous ulcer (1), fixed-drug eruption (1), varicella-zoster (1), hypereosinophilic syndrome (1), photocontact dermatitis (1), contact dermatitis (1), and cellulitis (1)], no HSV-DNA was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of cyclosporin A on resident and passenger immune cells of normal human skin and UV-induced erythema reactions.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) has proved effective in various dermatological diseases, but its mechanisms of action within the skin are still ill-defined. In order to characterize more clearly the cellular targets of CyA we examined its effects on skin immune cells in normal and UVB- and PUVA-irradiated skin by means of a three-step immunoperoxidase reaction and immunofluorescence double-labelling technique. The CyA-induced depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells equals that seen with UVB or PUVA alone. CyA alone has no effect on the number and distribution of dermal cells. CyA modulates the UV irradiation-induced changes by: (i) inhibiting the UVB- and PUVA-induced ICAM-1 expression by keratinocytes and (ii) suppressing the PUVA-induced upregulation of CD11a expression by macrophages (72 +/- 12% of Ki-M8+ macrophages express CD11a with PUVA, compared with 20 +/- 5% with CyA + PUVA, P < 0.001). Neither treatment affected ICAM-1 expression by endothelial cells. In addition, CyA increases PUVA minimal phototoxicity dose from 10 +/- 2.6 J/cm2 (PUVA alone) to 15.3 +/- 3.1 J/cm2 (CyA + PUVA), (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the effects of CyA on the skin include a down-modulation of the PUVA-erythema reaction, associated with a direct or indirect modulation of adhesion molecule expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Recurrent erythema multiforme: clinical features and treatment in a large series of patients.

Recurrent erythema multiforme is an uncommon disorder. We have reviewed the clinical features and treatment of 65 patients with this condition. The mean number of attacks per year was six (range 2-24), and the mean duration of the disease was 9.5 years (range 2-36) reflecting its chronicity. The majority of patients had oral mucous membrane involvement (69%). In 46 patients (71%) the condition was precipitated by a preceding herpes simplex virus infection. Acyclovir was found to be the most useful first-line treatment, with 55% of patients deriving benefit from either continuous oral acyclovir or a patient-initiated 5-day oral course at the onset of herpes simplex virus infection. Of those failing to respond to acyclovir, a small proportion responded to dapsone. The most resistant patients (11) were treated with azathioprine, with complete disease suppression in all cases.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1993

Increased adherence to keratinocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of a patient with drug-induced erythema multiforme.

The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of drug-induced erythema multiforme (EM) are still largely unknown. The observation that epidermal keratinocytes (KC) in EM express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) points to a putative role for T-cell/KC adhesion in the pathogenesis of EM. In this study, the binding of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML) from a patient with carbamazepine-induced EM and of normal control PBML to autologous and heterologous KC was investigated, using two different binding assays. Patient PBML obtained at the time of disease (t0) showed an increased binding to ICAM-1-positive heterologous KC, which could be inhibited completely by anti-LFA-1. Adhesion of patient PBML-t0 to autologous KC, and to carbamazepine-pretreated heterologous KC in sections of skin biopsies, was also increased, but was found to be only partially LFA-1-dependent. These findings support the view that PBML/KC adherence plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this drug-induced EM.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Erythema gyratum repens. A case studied with immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

We report a patient with erythema gyratum repens (EGR), in whom a bronchial carcinoma was found. Direct immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of immunoglobulins at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) in the skin, and in the lung tumour. Direct immunoelectron microscopy showed that the immune deposits were localized just beneath the lamina densa. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed circulating anti-BMZ antibodies. Immunohistochemical staining, using anti-transforming growth factor-beta, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor, anti-vimentin and anti-alpha-actin, was found to be more intense in the lesional skin and the lung tumour than in normal tissues. Possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of EGR are discussed.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous occurrence of two rare cutaneous markers of poor prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome: erythema elevatum diutinum and specific lesions.

We report the concomitant occurrence of erythema elevatum diutinum and specific skin lesions in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This patient's course, and review of other reported cases, support the opinion that neutrophilic dermatoses are associated with a poor prognosis of MDS. The simultaneous appearance of these manifestations could be the consequence of a particular chemotactism of myeloid cells, expressed after acute transformation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of continuous acyclovir therapy in recurrent erythema multiforme.

Twenty patients who suffered from more than four attacks of erythema multiforme (EM) per year were enrolled in a 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir 400 mg twice daily. Fifteen patients had disease precipitated by recurrent herpes simplex. In the acyclovir-treated group the median number of EM attacks during the treatment period was zero, compared with three in the placebo-treated group (P < 0.0005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Seven of the 11 patients treated with continuous acyclovir did not have any attacks of EM while taking the drug, and one showed almost complete disease suppression. Following treatment with acyclovir, two patients went into complete remission, whereas all individuals in the placebo group continued to have attacks. In the acyclovir-treated group nine of the 11 patients had herpes simplex-precipitated disease. One of the two patients with idiopathic disease showed complete disease suppression while on acyclovir, lending support to the view that idiopathic recurrent EM may be related to subclinical herpetic infection. In this study, we have shown that continuous acyclovir therapy can completely suppress attacks of recurrent EM and, in some cases, may induce disease remission.

Acyclovir↗