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PubMed2006

The creation of emergency health care standards for catastrophic events.

The creation of health care standards by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in a defined area with known events follows a predictable process. A problem area (e.g., hand hygiene) is identified from multiple sources. The JCAHO then calls together experts from around the country, and through debate and the comparison of positions of various people within the health care arena, a new standard informed by these views can be developed. Once developed, it is vetted and becomes established as a Joint Commission standard. But what happens when an event has never happened, cannot be reliably predicted, and, one hopes, will never come to pass? How can one create any meaningful standards? This is the situation when considering a number of scenarios related to disasters and mass casualty events.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The informatics response in disaster, terrorism, and war.

The United States currently faces several new, concurrent large-scale health crises as a result of terrorist activity. In particular, three major health issues have risen sharply in urgency and public consciousness--bioterrorism, the threat of widespread delivery of agents of illness; mass disasters, local events that produce large numbers of casualties and overwhelm the usual capacity of health care delivery systems; and the delivery of optimal health care to remote military field sites. Each of these health issues carries large demands for the collection, analysis, coordination, and distribution of health information. The authors present overviews of these areas and discuss ongoing work efforts of experts in each.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telehealth technologies and applications for terrorism response: a report of the 2002 coastal North Carolina domestic preparedness training exercise.

Effective response to natural or man-made disasters (i.e., terrorism) is predicated on the ability to communicate among the many organizations involved. Disaster response exercises enable disaster planners and responders to test procedures and technologies and incorporate the lessons learned from past disasters or exercises. On May 31 and June 1, 2002, one such exercise event took place at the Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base in Jacksonville, North Carolina. During the exercise, East Carolina University tested: (1) in-place Telehealth networks and (2) rapidly deployable communications, networking, and data collection technologies such as satellite communications, local wireless networking, on-scene video, and clinical and environmental data acquisition and telemetry. Exercise participants included local, county, state, and military emergency medical services (EMS), emergency management, specialized response units, and local fire and police units. The technologies and operations concepts tested at the exercise and recommendations for using telehealth to improve disaster response are described.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Tsunami disaster victim identification in Sri Lanka: legal aspects.

Natural hazards amounting to disasters have almost become an endemic phenomenon during past decades throughout the globe, particularly affecting less resourced countries. The capabilities of the affected nations are stretched to the maximum in most of the disasters, thereby exposing deficiencies at various levels of the disaster mitigation mechanisms. A key factor identified through the human experience of all previous disaster scenarios is the requisite of effective and integrated local, national and regional disaster management mechanisms. The national and regional legal framework in this context can supplement disaster management enormously by drafting and implementing practical legislation which can be activated in disaster situations to co-ordinate the relief missions and minimize the damage. Thus, the existing legal systems and legislation at national and regional levels should be modified accordingly to yield proper disaster management policies. However, many less resourced countries are still lacking functional disaster management mechanisms in local legislation and are consequently highly vulnerable to heavy casualties in disasters. Sri Lanka is a typical example of a state which had an ineffective disaster management mechanism, not strengthened by legislation, when the Asian tsunami struck the country in December 2004, despite having frequently been affected by natural and man-made hazards during the past three decades. The net effect was total disarray in disaster victim identification, leading to drastic and irreparable consequences.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2003

Ethical perspectives for public and environmental health: fostering autonomy and the right to know.

In this paper we develop an ethical perspective for public and environmental health practice in consideration of the "right to know" by contrasting consequential and deontological perspectives with relational ethics grounded in the concept of fostering autonomy. From the consequential perspective, disclosure of public and environmental health risks to the public depends on the expected or possible consequences. We discuss three major concerns with this perspective: respect for persons, justice, and ignorance. From a deontological perspective, the "right to know" means that there is a "duty" to communicate about all public health risks and consideration of the principles of prevention, precaution, and environmental justice. Relational ethics develops from consideration of a mutual limitation of the traditional perspectives. Relational ethics is grounded in the relationship between the public and public/environmental health providers. In this paper we develop a model for this relationship, which we call "fostering autonomy through mutually respectful relationships." Fostering autonomy is both an end in public health practice and a means to promote the principles of prevention, precaution, and environmental justice. We discuss these principles as they relate to practical issues of major disasters and contaminants in food, such as DDT, toxaphene, chlordane, and mercury.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-aid management of psychological emergencies: 2.

Although disasters are not common in our society it is important that all nurses are prepared to help if one occurs in their locality. This article explores what nurse aiders can do in the emergency situation when faced with people suffering psychological reactions to disasters.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed2000

Disaster medicine: an emerging specialty.

The diverse nature of natural and man-made disasters demands a wide range of medical skills and resources from any attendant clinician. Working in a hostile environment may also require armed protection. This article considers the types of disasters, their medical requirements and the training of doctors wishing to be involved in this field of medicine. It includes a description of the Diploma in the Medical Care of Catastrophes.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lydia's story.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Establishing and refining hurricane response systems for long-term care facilities.

In February 2006 the John A. Hartford Foundation funded a long-term care "Hurricane Summit," sponsored by the Florida Health Care Association. Representatives from five Gulf Coast states that sustained hurricane damage during 2005 and from Georgia, a receiving state for hurricane evacuees, attended. Summit participants evaluated disaster preparedness, response, and recovery for long-term care provider networks and identified gaps that impeded safe resident evacuation and disaster response. The meeting identified emergency response system issues that require coordination between long-term care providers and state and federal emergency operations centers. Five areas warranting further attention are presented as lessons learned and potential areas for grant making.

Congresses as Topic↗