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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Results of peripheral densitometry in a population of postmenopausal women].

Osteodensity was compared in 582 postmenopausal patients with such pathologies as urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, vulvar craurosis, breast carcinoma, hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. A double-photon Z-ray densitometer with a computer program designed for postmenopausal women examination was employed. It was shown that osteodensity measurements can distinguish two opposite patterns of homeostasis in postmenopause: involute-atrophic vs. hyperplastic processes in target tissues characterized by high oncological susceptibility. However, if strict and clear distinctions are applied, many patterns of pathology combination so typical of postmenopause will stay outside the classification. Much in further studies of the problem will depend on progress made in investigation of estrogen receptors in target tissues.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

[Use of bone densitometry in the framework of prevention and therapy of osteoporosis. Example of a systematic evaluation (health technology assessment)].

There is an ongoing controversy concerning the use of bone density measurements within therapeutic and preventive strategies of osteoporosis. Since there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of bone density measurement with subsequent therapy we used a "critical pathway" model to determine possible benefit of tertiary, secondary and primary preventive strategies utilizing bone density measurement. In a first step data for fracture risk in each group are extracted from the literature. The second step outlines possible benefit from therapeutic studies. It may be estimated that in groups of patients with prevalent fractures use of bone density measurement and therapy according to bone density values may reduce fracture rates up to 30%. Bone density measurements performed with secondary preventive intent, however will probably lead to a reduction of fracture rates markedly below 10%. A set of risk factors that allows identification of a high risk group that may benefit from bone density measurement and subsequent therapy to a relevant extent remains to be developed. Primary preventive strategies do not require bone density measurements.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

[Value of bone densitometry in the determination of vertebral mineral density in participants of the clean-up after Chernobyl accident].

Scanning osteodensitometry helped to study mineral saturation of lumbar vertebra in individuals who liquidated Chernobyl accident consequences. Bone mineral density appeared to depend on radiation dose obtained by the examinees. High risk of osteoporosis revealed in the examinees who participated in the liquidation in 1986. The authors stress that the examinees should be covered by the skeletal state monitoring possible only with osteodensitometry. The article justify that biphotonic scanning osteodensitometers are expedient in Health Care Centers for individuals who liquidated Chernobyl accident consequences.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Osteoporosis with low dose corticosteroids: contribution of underlying disease effects and discriminatory ability of ultrasound versus bone densitometry.

OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroid use is associated with rapid bone loss, but the effect of low dose corticosteroids (CS) remains controversial and the extent to which increased fracture risk relates to quantitative effects, as reflected by change in bone mineral density (BMD), or to qualitative effects due to altered microarchitecture is unclear. Moreover the contribution of the underlying disease, for which CS are used, confounds the assessment of CS effects on bone. Our aim was to examine these effects of CS on bone. METHODS: We measured BMD, quantitative ultrasound (US), and clinical and radiological disease indices in 76 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with or without low dose CS. Disease effects were quantitated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire and radiological scores. RESULTS: BMD and US measures were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to age matched controls. Low dose CS use was associated with a further small but nonsignificant reduction in BMD, and US measures did not further discriminate CS effects on bone. Radiological score was an independent predictor of US measures, suggesting that in RA, calcaneal bone may reflect both systemic and local disease effects. CONCLUSION: US did not appear to discriminate effects of low dose CS on bone better than BMD. However, underlying RA disease effects on bone are detectable by US. Quantitative US should be investigated for its utility in assessing disease activity or progress in RA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

Pediatric Bone Densitometry: Technical Issues.

Equipment and software used for dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was developed for adults. As use of the method grows in pediatrics, understanding technical issues is important for those performing and interpreting DXA studies in infants, children, and adolescents. Detection of very low bone mineral density requires alteration of automated scan techniques. Normal values based on chronologic age have been published. The Z score becomes the more meaningful statistic as opposed to the T score used in reporting adult DXA measurement of bone mineral density.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Bone densitometry in assessment of bone mineral density.

Osteoporosis is a serious disease characterized by low bone mineral density. Osteoporosis affects 24 million people annually and may be responsible for devastating hip, wrist and spinal fractures. Bone mineral density is considered the best predictor for osteoporotic fracture. Progress has been made toward noninvasive assessment of bone mineral density to provide early diagnosis of osteoporosis. A variety of methods are used to assess bone mineral density. These methods are presented and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is discussed in detail.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Bone densitometry in clinical practice: longitudinal measurements at three sites in postmenopausal women on five treatments.

We report sequential changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at the forearm, hip and spine in 340 consecutive postmenopausal women referred by 103 general practitioners and six specialists, and who were either untreated or being treated with calcium, estrogen, norethisterone or calcitriol for a median period of 25 months (range 11-52). The mean annual rate of change in BMD at the three sites was: 1.39% in 44 women on norethisterone; 0.94% in 107 women on estrogen (both p < 0.001); 0.24% (not significant) in 52 women on calcitriol; -0.53% in 92 women on calcium; and -1.06% in 45 women on no treatment (both p < 0.01). The mean annual rate of change at the three sites in the 295 treated women was 0.43%, which was significantly positive (p < 0.001) and was 1.49 percentage points more positive than in the untreated women (p < 0.001). The greatest mean difference between treated and untreated patients was seen at the forearm, where it was 2.16 percentage points (p < 0.001). This was significantly greater than the difference at the femoral neck (1.21 percentage points (p = 0.037)) and lumbar spine (1.10 percentage points (p = 0.044)). The data did not change significantly after correction for age, years since menopause or baseline BMD. Those who started the treatments at baseline gained bone faster than those who were continuing on existing therapies, but this difference was not significant at any site. In the hormone- and calcitriol-treated groups, there was no significant difference between those who had a calcium supplement and those who did not. We conclude that the effects of treatment on BMD in clinical practice are comparable to those predicted from clinical trials, that there are significant differences between the responses to treatment at different sites and that the forearm appears to be the most sensitive site, in this series at least.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

Osteoporosis risk factor assessment and bone densitometry--current status and future trends.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are problems which will increase in significance as the population of the elderly in many countries increases. The availability of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, which can define osteoporosis, allows the implementation of effective therapeutic interventions to those at risk for fractures before they occur. Because of the increasing at-risk population and the relatively high cost of these measurements and interventions, a case-finding strategy to detecting osteoporosis has been widely recommended. This review highlights the approach to detecting and diagnosing osteoporosis. METHODS: A non-systematic review of English-language literature on the diagnosis and assessment of osteoporosis was conducted. RESULTS: Many risk factors have been found to be associated with osteoporosis and fractures. These risk factors may be utilised for case finding in deciding who should be evaluated for osteoporosis. Clinical self-assessment tools have been developed to identify women likely to have low BMD who might be recommended for BMD. Several techniques are available for BMD measurement, but the technique of choice for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured at the hip. BMD thresholds have been widely used to guide osteoporosis treatment. However, recent research has been directed at using risk factor assessment and self-assessment tools to derive medium-term fracture risk as a guide to therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Proper selection of individuals for evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis would include risk factor assessment and appropriate BMD measurement to determine the risk of fracture and the need for intervention.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

The correlation of clinical lacrimal bone density and thickness, established at the time of DCR surgery, with systemic bone mineral densitometry testing.

BACKGROUND. Due to a growing concern with regard to the relationship between osteoporosis and fractures, we wished to examine the correlation of systemic bone density with lacrimal bone characteristics (thickness and density), as measured at the time of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Significant correlation would suggest that oculoplastic surgeons may screen for osteoporosis during DCR. METHODS. A prospective study of the bone mineral density in patients (n=32) undergoing DCR was conducted. During DCR, the lacrimal bone thickness and density were estimated clinically. Postoperatively, the systemic bone density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test, Pearson correlation and Pearson chi-square methods. RESULTS. Analyzed in a bivariate arrangement, significant correlation (p<0.05) was detected between the systemic bone density (as measured at two sites, the femoral head and lumbar spine) and the lacrimal bone characteristics (thickness and density). Therefore, the lower the lacrimal bone thickness or density, the lower the systemic bone density. INTERPRETATION. With the finding of significant correlation between lacrimal bone thickness and density and systemic bone density, oculoplastic surgeons can screen for osteoporosis during DCR. If low-density thin bone is encountered during DCR, the patient's general practitioner should be alerted.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Healing of "wire tunnels" in tibial diaphysis: data of local X-ray study and densitometry].

Fifteen pelvic extremities from adult dogs were used to perform 60 cross tunnelization of tibial diaphysis with a wire having a pointed groove, 1.8-mm in diameter, at 1,500 rpm. Thirty five leg X-ray films in the lateral projection, which show changes on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 520 after the experiment, were studied. Bony diaphysis tunnelization was found to give rise to a regeneration focus wherein an area of tissue element degradation and an area of introduction of bony fragments into soft tissues were detectable. Changes in the regeneration focus were determined by a response to osseous fragments, which involved the formation of an bony regenerate during a month and to the resorption of the bony matter of an osseous regenerate and osseous fragments in future. Healing of diaphysis defects began with the resorption of a damaged cortical layer. Osteogenesis prevailed at month 2 and ensured healing of cortical layer defects following 4-6 months.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

[Dosimetry and bone densitometry: examples of LUNAR IQ and HOLOGIC 4500A].

Patient dosimetry related to two bone densitometer units from different manufacturers (LUNAR IQ and HOLOGIC 4500A) were evaluated using the parallel beam technique and thermoluminescence from Ca (SO4)/Dy. The radiation dose measured for a phantom of 18 cm in thickness was 0,11 mGy (+/- 0,004) at a maximum current of 3 mA for the LUNAR IQ unit in the high-resolution mode. The radiation dose is 0,28 mGy (+/- 0,011) for the HOLOGIC 4500A unit used at 2,5 mA in the high resolution-mode. These results obtained by thermoluminescence of the Ca (SO4)/Dy are in favor of the LUNAR IQ unit. However, dosimetry must be weighted against image quality.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗