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PubMed2000

Incidence and socioeconomic determinants of abortion in rural Upper Egypt.

Because of a growing cultural and religious sensitivity and controversy over reproductive health issues, particularly abortion, this area remains relatively unexplored in Egypt. This study was conducted using a participatory approach to determine the morbidity and determinants of abortion in rural Upper Egypt. In all, 1025 women from six villages in Upper Egypt were included in the study. Information regarding the incidence of abortion, patterns of health care utilization and risk factors was obtained using a structured interview format. The local dialect was used in formulating questions and they were revised and amended by a panel of local leaders, interviewers and representatives of the study population. Interviewers were local educated (secondary or university level) female volunteers. Information about exposure to 17 risk factors was also collected and statistical analysis was done by estimating the odds ratio and applying a test of statistical significance. Then, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to control for possible interactions and confounding effects. The results were that 40.6% (n=416) had aborted at least once; of them 24.6% (n=252) had aborted more than once and were designated as recurrent aborters. The lifetime prevalence of recurrent abortion was estimated to be 25% and nearly 21% of pregnancies were aborted. The incidence of abortion was estimated to be 265 per 1000 live birth. Only 21.9% (n=91) of women received medical care for the last abortion. The vast majority of women (92%, n=299) who did not seek medical help received help from traditional and domestic sources. These sources are midwife (59.9%, n=179), relative or neighbour (29.8%, n=89), and traditional practitioner (10.4%, n=31). The multivariate analysis revealed that the incidence of abortion is significantly associated with gravidity, consanguinity, and mother occupation, while recurrent abortion is associated with gravidity, consanguinity and woman's age at marriage. In conclusion, the morbidity of abortion is a serious public health problem in Egypt. Because the incidence rate is very high and because safe abortion is limited in Egypt, maternal mortality due to abortion is expected to be underestimated. Promotion of family planning is expected to have a significant impact on the incidence of abortion in Upper Egypt.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Effect of maternal education on the rate of childhood handicap.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the relation between maternal education and various maternal risk factors, identify the impact of maternal education on the risk of childhood handicap and estimate the proportion of childhood handicap that can be prevented by maternal education. METHODS: Data was collected from all married women attending the two major maternity and child hospitals in Jeddah during April 1999. Women with at least one living child were interviewed for sociodemographic factors and having at least one handicapped child. The risk of having a handicapped child and the population attributable risk percent were calculated. RESULTS: Some potential risk factors are dominant in our society as approximately 30% of women did not attend school and 84% did not work. Consanguineous marriages accounted for about 43%. Pre-marriage counseling was limited as only 10% of women counseled before marriage. The proportion of unemployment and consanguineous marriages decreased significantly by increase in maternal education level. Conversely, the proportion of women reporting pre-marriage counseling increased significantly by increase in maternal education level. Approximately, 7% of women reported having at least one handicapped child. The risk of having a handicapped child showed a significant sharp decline with increase in maternal education level. At least 25% of childhood handicap can be prevented by achieving female primary education and up to half of cases can be prevented if mothers finish their intermediate education. CONCLUSION: Female education plays a major role in child health. The results of this study suggest investment in female education, which would have substantial positive effects in reducing incidence of childhood handicap in Jeddah.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Search for genes involved in Joubert syndrome: evidence that one or more major loci are yet to be identified and exclusion of candidate genes EN1, EN2, FGF8, and BARHL1.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome involving agenesis or dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with accompanying brainstem malformations. JS is further characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay, intermittent hyperpnea, and abnormal eye movements. The biochemical and molecular basis of JS remains unknown, although several genes that are crucial in the development of the cerebellum have been proposed as attractive candidate genes. JS is clinically heterogeneous; this, together with previous linkage analyses, suggests that there may also be genetic heterogeneity. A locus for JS was previously identified on chromosome 9q34 by linkage analysis in a consanguineous family of Arabian origin. A putative second JS locus was recently suggested when a deletion on chromosome 17p11.2 was observed in a patient with Smith-Magenis syndrome and JS phenotype. We have investigated a cohort of apparently unrelated North American JS pedigrees for association with the loci on chromosomes 9q34 and 17p11.2 and excluded them in all cases where data were informative. Analysis of an additional 21 unrelated JS patients showed no evidence of homozygosity at the 9q34 and 17p11.2 loci that would suggest inheritance of founder JS mutation(s) or unreported consanguinity. Together, these data suggest that one or more major loci for JS remain to be identified. Consequently, we undertook mutation analysis of several functional candidate genes, EN1, EN2, and FGF8, in a total of 26 unrelated JS patients. Our data suggest that all of these genes may be excluded from a direct pathogenic role in JS. The BARHL1 gene, which localizes to chromosome 9q34 and has previously been proposed as a strong positional candidate gene for JS, was also investigated and excluded from involvement in JS that is linked to chromosome 9q34.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

An analysis of seven infants with Brachmann-de Lange syndrome, of whom two identical twin sisters.

An analysis of seven infants with Brachmann-de Lange syndrome, of whom two identical twin sisters: Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) is characterized by typical facial features, intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, microbrachycephaly, hirsutism and limb anomalies. Here, we reviewed the findings of seven infants with BDLS, of whom two were identical twin sisters of normal parents. All of the infants' parents were normal, and no consanguinity between the parents was noted although the ratio of consanguineous marriages is very high (21.1%) in Turkey. It is well known that most cases of BDLS are sporadic, some cases of this disorder are inherited in an autosomal dominant trait. Our findings suggested that familial cases of BDLS were infrequent, and vast majority of cases appeared to be sporadic and the occurrence of the syndrome in the identical twin sisters of normal parents was also thought a heterogeneity in this condition, overlapping with other conditions and syndromes as mentioned by Fryns et al.

De Lange Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Farquhar's disease): involvement of the central nervous system.

The clinical course and the postmortal pathological findings in a female newborn showing parental consanguinity are presented. One week afterbirth, the infant developed fever, hepatosplenomegaly and polyserositis. Rapidly progressing immunodeficiency due to pancytopenia led to pneumonia and untreatable respiratory distress with fatal outcome after 2 weeks. Autopsy findings revealed multisystem lymphohistiocytic infiltration with marked erythrophagocytosis. Neuropathological findings included lymphohistiocytic leptomeningitis, perivascular cuffing by lymphohistiocytic infiltrations in the cerebral white matter, predominantly in subependymal location, and multifocal lymphohistiocytic infiltrations of the cerebral grey matter and the cervical spinal cord. Erythrophagocytosis was the histopathological hallmark at all sites. Regarding the fatal clinical course, the medical history of parental consanguinity and the histopathological features, postmortem diagnosis was familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL, Farquhar's disease). The present case is discussed with focus on CNS involvement in FEL by reviewing the relevant literature.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1999

[Studies on gel electrophoresis of soluble protein and two kinds of isodynamic enzyme in hongqu from different producing areas].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the consanguinity between 12 strains of Monascus(MS 01-12) separated and purified from different samples of Hongqu collected from 12 areas in China and the variant strain of Monascus(MS 18) mutated from M. purpureus. METHOD: Gel electrophoresis of soluble protein, esterase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) was used to study the consanguinity between strains MS 01-12 and the variant strain MS 18. RESULTS: The electrochromatophoreses of soluble protein, esterase and SOD in the 12 strains (MS 01-12) are identical, but in the variant strain MS 18 are remarkably different. The results are consistent with those of morphological studies. CONCLUSION: Strains MS 01-12 are the identical species M. purpureus, but strain MS 18 is different from strains of MS 01-12, or a variant of M. purpureus.

Esterases↗
PubMed2002

Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders in Thai infants: a report of 3 cases.

Three infants with documented mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders are described in this report. Case 1. Carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. (CACT) (OMIM 212138) A two-day-old male developed sudden cardiac arrest 48 hours postpartum, with a previous history of early death (day 2) in siblings with a history of parental consanguinity; somnolence, inactivity, refusal to suck within 24 h, hepatomegaly, persistent hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis prior to cardiac arrest. Dried blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated 10 x elevation of palmitoylcarnitine, moderate elevation of oleylcarnitine, steroylcarnitine and myristoylcarnitine. Case 2. Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. (OMIM 212139) A six-week-old male infant, developed sudden cardiac arrest after contacting a viral illness, resuscitated successfully in the first episode, only to succumb during the second episode, 2 weeks apart. Plasma acylcarnitine via tandem mass spectrometry was reported normal; however, urine organic acids via gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry demonstrated characteristic metabolites consistent with MCADD. Case 3. Carnitine deficiency, systemic primary. (CDSP) (OMIM 212140) A one-year-old girl with progressive dyspnea since birth and a history of parental consanguinity. Severe dilated cardiomyopathy with episodes of cardiac decompensations, hepatomegaly, anemia, generalized hypotonia, but no hypoglycemia were demonstrated prior to cardiac arrest. Extremely low carnitine level noted in dried blood spots via tandem mass spectrometry.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1975

[Medicogenetic study of isolates in Uzbekistan. I. Statement of the problem and characteristics of the groups studied].

The paper comprises results of studying some demographic and populaton characteristics of the inhabitans of the Samarkand region as a whole and two villages, Karakent and Ishan, inhabited with Uzbeks-Khoja, a special religious-social caste in the past. It is shown that 87.4% of marriages in the Samarkand region are of international character (the information has been obtained on 7995 married couples). The frequency of consanguineous marriages is 11.6%, and among them 40.5% are first-cousin marriages and 39.1% are marriages of remote relatives. The coefficients of inbreeding are rather high among the Jewish, Tajik and Uzbek communities. The coefficient of inbreeding as a whole is F=0.0042 in this region and approaches to the maximal level, characterizing a panmix population. The average size of a family in the villages of Karakent and Ishan is approximately 4.0 persons. The values of reproductive performance, the nature of termination of pregnancies do not differ from those of panmix population. The percentage of intravillage and consanguineous marriages are 56% and 12.5% for the first village, and 25% and 2% for the second one respectively. The coefficient of inbreeding for karakent is F=0.0064, for Ishan--F=0.0014. Taking into consideration the historical development of the two villages and the cumulative data, the conclusion is drawn that Karakent is an isolate on a religious ground whereas Ishan is a disintegrated isolate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the Baller-Gerold syndrome.

We report on two sisters off-spring of healthy consanguineous parents, where their major clinical features absent thumb, radial aplasia and craniosynostosis led to a diagnosis of Baller-Gerold syndrome BGS (OMIM:218600). Syndromes with associated preaxial reduction defects mainly Fanconi pancytopenia, VATER association, Rothmund-Thompson and Roberts phocomelia syndrome were excluded by proper clinical and cytogenetic studies. In addition to craniosynostosis and radial deficiency, our studied cases had absent or hypoplastic thumbs, postaxial polydactyly in the left foot, genital anomalies and orodental manifestations. Review of the literature depicted phenotypic variability of BGS. The presence of affected sibs the offspring of consanguineous parents confirms autosomal recessive inheritance. The observation of associated postaxial polydactyly, blue sclera, rotatory nystagmus, other skeletal and orodental anomalies broadened the spectrum of phenotypic variability. Awareness of the expanded phenotypic spectrum will improve the diagnosis and genetic counseling of BGS.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of 36 patients from Turkey with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological and histopathologic studies.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases seen in childhood. NCL is inherited as autosomal recessive trait, and is characterized by the accumulation of 'ceroid lipofuscin' in neuronal and extraneuronal cells. Clinical features include seizures, ataxia, myoclonus, loss of vision, and mental and motor deterioration. Although the disease is widely seen across the world, there seems to be an information gap in Asian countries. To date, no comprehensive and detailed studies on NCL have been carried out in Turkey. However, one could predict that the disease is rather frequent in Turkey due to high rates of consanguineous marriages. Thirty-six Turkish patients were evaluated in this study. Sixteen (44.5%) patients were girls, and 20 (55.5%) were boys. Parents were consanguineous in 25 families (80%). In five families (14%), the disease was seen in two sibs. The diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation, and neurophysiological, neuroradiologic, enzymatic, and histopathological studies. Electron microscopic study was the main diagnostic laboratory test. Three patients were classified as infantile NCL, 11 were late infantile NCL, 5 were juvenile type NCL and 17 patients were Turkish variant NCL. In juvenile type, major initial symptom was visual impairment, whereas in all other types seizures were predominantly the first symptom at the onset of the disease. The initial symptoms of Turkish variant NCL were similar to those of late infantile type. Similar age at clinical symptoms and the presence of visual symptoms were common features of Turkish variant and juvenile NCL. Compared to late infantile NCL, Turkish variant, showed a more severe course regarding seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed abnormal features predominantly in Turkish variant, and were remarkable for occipital spikes. In patients with Turkish variant magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed brainstem involvement, especially pons, in all patients except one; cerebral and cerebellar atrophy were seen with a slower course compared to late infantile NCL. Clinical picture of NCL in advanced stages of the disease was similar regardless of the subtype.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Profile of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia--a hospital study.

OBJECTIVE: To collect baseline information on congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to identify relevant issues specific to this disease in Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records of pediatric patients registered for serum 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) measurement and documented to have CAH in the period 1987 to 1998 was carried out at The Aga Khan University, Karachi (AKU). The clinical notes were reviewed for documentation of CAH as the diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 152 children registered for 17-OHP testing, sixty-three were diagnosed with CAH. Salt wasting, simple virilization and non-classical CAH was found in 40 (63%), 18 (29.0%) and 5 (8.0%) patients respectively. Twenty-one (33.9%) patients were incorrectly assigned sex and of these, 20 (32.2%) patients were females who were either considered males or just not assigned gender. Parental consanguinity was found in 33 (52.3%) cases. No case had a history of similar features in either parent but in 19 (30.6%) cases similar features were present in siblings. Sixteen cases (25.4%) had a history of sibling death in the neonatal period and 7 had a history of sibling death in infancy. Maternal obstetric histories identified 3 (4.8%) cases with a history of still birth(s) and 4 (6.4%) with a history of abortion(s). CONCLUSION: Children with CAH should be diagnosed early as a rational and judicious choice of sex assignment is a critical aspect of treatment. The high rate of consanguinity emphasized the need to establish the true incidence of the defect in Pakistani population.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factor X deficiency in North Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Factor X deficiency is one of the most rare hereditary coagulation disorders. In populations where rate of consanguineous marriages is high, rare hereditary disorders also flourish. Pakistan is one of those countries. The study was conducted to estimate the incidence of factor X deficiency in patients with bleeding disorders in North Pakistan. METHODS: The records of the patients referred to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for investigations of a suspected bleeding disorder were reviewed from 1st January 1997 to 30th June 2002. All patients referred for the investigations of a suspected bleeding disorder were included in the study. All patients underwent clinical interview and examination at the department. Factor X deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time with kaolin, which were corrected by addition of aged serum but not with adsorbed plasma. Factor X assays were carried out where possible. RESULTS: Only 24 patients of factor X deficiency were detected in 571 patients presenting with coagulation disorder. In 4 cases deficiency was thought to be secondary history, clinical findings and lab results. Inherited deficiency of factor X was thus detected in only 20/571 (3.5%) of the patients. Family history was positive in 8/20 (40%) patients. Consanguinity was noted in 12/20 (60%) patients. Median age of patients was 3 years. Male and females were in equal numbers. Most common clinical presentations were prolonged bleeding after trauma and mucosal bleeding seen in 80% and 70% of patients respectively. In patients in whom factor X assay was performed only one had <1% levels. CONCLUSION: Factor X deficiency although rare in American and European populations is not that rare in this part of the world. Its existence should be kept in mind in patients presenting with mucosal bleeding and prolonged PT and PTTK but normal platelet count and TT. The mutations in factor X, in this part of the world are most probably not the one, which would cause a severe bleeding diathesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosis and management of galactosemia: an Egyptian experience.

OBJECTIVE: To screen normal and high risk Egyptian neonates for galactosemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 2238 neonates classified into two groups. Group I included screening of 1794 normal newborns. Group II included 374 high risk neonates (jaundice, hepatomegaly and failure to thrive). Group III 70 prematures. Total galactose was determined by enzymatic colourimetric method in dried blood spot (Quantase). The enzymes activities (uridyltransferase and epimerase) were measured using C14. RESULTS: One case of galactosemia was found in the first group and 26 cases in the second group. 19 patients suffered from uridyltransferase deficiency, the parents of 16 (88.8%) of this classic form were consanguineous and 5 (27.7%) parents had history of a previously affected child. Mean age of diagnosis was 3.8 month with a mean total gal value of 52.9 mg/dl. 10 (55.5%) of them have cataract. The other 8 affected neonates were epimerase deficiency patients. 5 (62.5%) of them born to consanguineous parents. Parents of the epimerase deficiency neonates have no previously affected children. Mean age of diagnosis was 7.2 month with a mean total gal of 17.5 mg/dl. All eight patients have cataract. CONCLUSION: Mass screening program is not available yet in Egypt. Screening of the high risk neonates is a priority. Diagnosis of different galactosemia forms is mandatory to structure the management strategy accordingly. (Fig. 4, Ref: 26.)

Egypt↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant axonal neuropathy in two siblings: clinical histopathological findings.

OBJECTIVE: Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare, severe autosomal-recessive neurologic disease affecting both the peripheral and the central nervous system. In this article, we describe a detailed clinicopathological report of two affected sibs from a consanguineous Turkish family. PATIENTS: The index patient was a 6.5-year-old girl. Her intellectual development was normal. At the age of 3, her parents noticed progressive lack of balance and deterioration of motor skills. On examination, she had paresis and sensory loss more marked distally. Her mental status was normal. Her older brother had similar findings. RESULTS: Electrophysiological studies of young patients showed decreased median and ulnar nerve conduction velocities, absent peroneal motor potential, absent sensory nerve potentials and an EMG suggesting a neurogenic pattern. MRI showed mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. The nerve biopsy showed moderate myelinated nerve fibres loss, several regenerative clusters and multiple giant axons. Focal demyelination, hypertrophic "onion pulp" changes and endoneural fibrosis were also seen. Immunohistochemically, neurofilament protein accumulation was detectable in giant axons. CONCLUSIONS: This consanguineous family with two affected siblings and healthy parents complies with autosomal-recessive inheritance in GAN. In the majority of reported GAN cases, CNS involvement is described early in the course of the disease, but these patients did not present any sign of CNS involvement. GAN is a rare genetic disease of childhood involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. The diagnosis is easy with clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological features, if it has been done. Early diagnosis is important, because of possible prenatal diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Studies on carcass and meat quality performance of crossbred pigs with graded proportions of Laiwu Black genes].

Sixty pigs, including pure Laiwu Black (LL), pure Large Yorkshire (YY), 1/2 Laiwu (Ymale x Lfemale), 3/4 Laiwu (Lmale x YLfemale) and 1/4 Laiwu (Ymale x YLfemale), were housed in groups with the same diet until 90 kg for slaughter. The objectives were to investigate the effects of graded proportions of Laiwu Black genes on carcass and meat quality performance. Results indicated that different consanguinity had significant effect on carcass weight, carcass length (CL), ham percentage (HP) and backfat thickness (BT) (P<0.05), and had highly significant effect on eye muscle area (EMA) and lean percentage (LP) (P<0.01). Furthermore, CL, HP, EMA and LP tended to increased gradually, but BT tended to decreased gradually as Laiwu Black genes decreased. For meat quality properties, different consanguinity had significant effect on meat color, marbling score, dry matter and crude protein content of muscles (P<0.05), and had highly significant effect on water loss, drip loss and intramuscular fat content of muscles (P<0.01). Compared with the muscle of Large Yorkshire, that of Laiwu Black and its crossbred pigs were bright red in meat color, high in water holding capacity and abundant in intramuscular fat. Results implied that to give attention to both quantity and quality, Laiwu Black surely has usable precious value in superior pig production. Commercial crossbred pigs should have about 1/4 of Laiwu Black genes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome].

INTRODUCTION: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder featuring recurrent fever episodes, inability to sweat, absent response to noxious stimuli, self mutilating behavior and mental retardation. It has been associated with mutations in the NTRK1 gene, located in 1q21-22 and encoding a high-affinity NGF receptor. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old boy, the first son of consanguineous parents, presented with hypotonia, episodic hyperpyrexia and global developmental delay since the neonatal period. In addition to these signs, typical of CIPA, he displayed some other not previously described in this disease, such as facial dysmorphism, a severe swallowing disorder and a myogenic EMG pattern, that led to the initial suspicion of a muscle disorder. Molecular genetics studies uncovered a mutation c.C2011T in exon 15 of the NTRK1 gene. Genetic counselling was possible in the following pregnancy of the couple, where the female fetus was found to harbour the mutation in heterozygosity. The subsequent diagnosis of a congenital myasthenic syndrome in this sister led to neurophysiological re-evaluation of the probandus, in whom a myasthenic pattern of muscle activation was also found. CONCLUSIONS: A patient with CIPA and congenital myasthenic syndrome is described. CIPA must be the first diagnostic hypothesis when assessing a patient with insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis and self-mutilation. Given the rather homogeneous presentation of CIPA, the occurrence of atypical myopathic manifestations should raise the suspicion of a concurrent disorder. The present consanguineous kindred illustrates a rare instance of transmission of two mutated alleles giving rise to two unrelated, infrequent neurological syndromes.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis--a rare case report.

Fibromatosis is a group of disorders characterized by infiltrating fibroblastic proliferation. Among them Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (J.H.F) is a rare, progressive, crippling autosomal recessive disorder diagnosed based on the characteristic clinicopathological findings of generalized cutaneous nodular lesions, gingival hypertrophy, flexion contractures of large joints with osteolytic lesions, and proliferating fibroblasts set within a hyalinized stroma. This disorder commonly manifests in childhood with family history of consanguinity and in siblings. A case of seven year old boy born to consanguinous parents is reported who presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules and gingival hypertrophy. Histopathological examination revealed proliferating fibroblasts embedded in an abundant homogeneous eosinophilic hyalinized matrix. The matrix showed PAS stain positivity, supporting the pathogenesis of this disorder as an inborn error of glycosaminoglycans metabolism. The differential diagnosis is discussed and the literature reviewed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[ITS sequence of 9 Bupleurum species and its application in identification of Chaihu (Radix Buplurei)].

OBJECTIVE: The study the patterns of rDNA ITS sequence variation of 9 medicinal species of genus Bupleurum in China to find the DNA molecular markers for identification of these crude drugs. METHOD: The ITS regions of these species were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and their sequences were analyzed by DNAssist Version 2.2. RESULTS: Homologous alignment indicated that the consanguinity of the ITS sequences between genus Bupleurum and outgroups was lower than 75%, and that within genus Bupleurum was higher than 88%. For the same species, the consanguinity was higher than 99%. CONCLUSION: The ITS sequences may serve as reliable molecular markers for identification of Radix Bupleuri.

Bupleurum↗