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PubMed1995

[Systematization in the Central Clinical Laboratory of Kyoto University Hospital].

Recently, computer systems including several delivery systems have been installed in the Central Clinical Laboratory of Kyoto University Hospital. As for the physiological examination system, we have introduced PRINS (Physiological-examination Result Information Network System) using an NEC computer and LAN. Utilizing Windows, this PRINS is connected to individual systems and equipment, and the data are sent to the host computer system (KING: Kyoto University Hospital Information Network Galaxy, which utilizes IBM). This system enabled us to greatly improve (1) the efficacy of examinations, (2) management and data-stock of huge volumes, (3) rapid data analyses and simplicity in handling, and (4) facility of reception and reservation business. As for the sample analysis system, we formerly developed computer systems using MUMPS independently in the subdivisions. At the time of delivery system installation, we decided to unify them and newly establish a general managing system using MUMPS Sumitomo Electric Industries. The purpose of these installations are briefly as follows; (1) to reduce human power and to simplify delivery of samples and related business, (2) to report the assay results rapidly, (3) to improve and automate the quality controls, (4) to prevent from infections, and (5) to make handling and work easier. This system is comprised of biochemistry, immunology, hematology and emergency examination subdivisions, and connects each part in a network system using LAN. This is further connected to KING, the host. Actually, 4 sample delivery lines from 3 industries were introduced: Hitachi for biochemistry, Sysmex for hematology, and Toshiba-IDS for coagulation and immunology. Monitoring and data analyses including quality controls are performed by a host system or individual systems (biochemistry and hematology). At present, such heterogeneous installations were considered to be most suitable for our purpose and these made it possible to continue assays of other lines even when trouble occurred in one of the lines. In addition to the general systems, we have introduced various software programs for statistical analyses. These have been effectively utilized already for detailed setting of the clinical reference values for hematology data, and also for a computer diagnosis trial for anemia related diseases. When effective operations of these newly installed systems is achieved, we would like to extend our efforts to establish an ideal laboratory which is able to assist the intensive medi-care system in the university hospital.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of a computer-based system to deliver a continence health promotion intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test a computer-based system for continence health promotion that included self-management techniques for women with symptoms of involuntary urine loss, urinary frequency or urgency, or nocturia. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental trial design with repeated measures was used. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Older women (n = 71) with continence problems were recruited and completed a computer session. INSTRUMENTS: Outcomes were measured with the Urogenital Distress Inventory-Short Form, the Incontinence Impact on Life Questionnaire-Short Form, and a bladder diary. A modified Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction was used to measure satisfaction with the system. METHODS: Participants assigned to the intervention group (n = 36) used the computer-based system for continence health promotion, and those in the wait list control group (n = 35) used an alternate system. Data were collected at baseline and 8 weeks after the computer session. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance results on symptom distress and quality of life scores showed no significant treatment effect, although a trend toward improvement was observed. The intervention group improved significantly on urogenital distress (P = .01) and quality of life (P = .003) outcomes, but the control group did not. Women had little difficulty using the system and expressed satisfaction with the individualized information provided. CONCLUSIONS: Although the computer-based system did not result in significantly improved outcomes when comparing women in the 2 groups, the computer-based group improved significantly from baseline to follow-up. Further research on a computer-based system that women could access independently or that nurses could use to supplement traditional care is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Storage of multiple holograms of equal diffraction efficiency in a phase-code multiplexing system.

Computer simulations of 8-, 32-, and 128-bit phase-code multiplexing systems are presented, and exposure schedules are obtained numerically for equal diffraction efficiency. An analytic prediction of the exposure schedule is derived as a double exponential function that can be applied to the three different systems for variation of diffraction efficiency of less than +/- 13.5%. Eight holograms were experimentally recorded in a BaTiO3 crystal according to our exposure schedule and also to conventional schedules, which had originally been derived for an angle-multiplexing system. It is shown that the experimental data agree well with the computer simulations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

A computer-aided system for planning acute care bed need in Michigan.

As part of an effort within Michigan to promote cost containment and equitably distribute hospital resources, the Acute Care Bed Need Methodology (ACBNM), a model for determining bed need based on normative use rates, was created. We describe herein the ACBNM, the associated interactive computer system, and the data base requirements, and make suggestions for improving the methodology. We also discuss the functions the ACBNM has served in Michigan and the role it could serve in future health planning efforts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Computer-based system for analysis of respiratory responses to exercise.

A computer-based system for the determination of tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, oxygen transfer, carbon dioxide transfer, respiratory exchange ratio, end-tidal oxygen, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and heart rate is presented. These variables are first determined on a breath-by-breath basis from data (expired carbon dioxide and oxygen fractions, airflow, and ECG) prerecorded on an FM magnetic type system. The breath-by-breath data are then averaged for each experimental run in 5-s increments. The 5-s increment data from a group of subjects can then be averaged and the SEM determined at prescribed periods of time. For the study of individual respiratory transient we found the 5-s increment data to be more useful than the breath-by-breath data because it has a lesser degree of fluctuation. The system is especially adapted to careful observation of the responses within the first few seconds of a change in work load. Appropriate computer programs are discussed. The results of several experiments are compared with data from other sources and found to be in good agreement.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2004

[Status of NIHS Computer Network System (NIHS-NET)].

We described the development of National Institute of Health Sciences Computer Network System (NIHS-NET), which was named NIHS Information and Computing Infrastructure (NICI) previously. In the system, the main server machines and common machines were replaced and the network lines were upgraded from 100 Mbps to 1Gbps. The connection nodes were changed from Inter Ministry Network (IMnet) to Science Information Network (SINET), and the dedicated lines between NIHS (yoga, osaka, tsukuba) and SINET were constructed. The Internet connection speed from each campus to SINET was upgraded. We also performed security audit in this system.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

Computerized ambulatory-care pharmacy information system for direct order entry by prescribers.

A computer system that links prescribers in a diabetes center to an ambulatory-care satellite pharmacy is described. In 1988 an ambulatory-care center serving the diabetic patients of a 437-bed university teaching hospital moved to a new location. To maintain efficient communication of prescription information from the diabetes center to a designated ambulatory-care satellite pharmacy, a program that enables diabetes center prescribers to enter their orders directly into the satellite pharmacy computer system was implemented. The pharmacy department's prescription-entry screen was reprogrammed so that it could be more easily used by prescribers, and a "default" list of the most frequently prescribed drugs was generated to simplify direct order entry. Prescription information entered at the diabetes center is transmitted to the satellite pharmacy; the filled prescriptions are usually ready by the time patients arrive. The average number of prescriptions entered into the computer per week remained steady during the first 14 weeks that the system was in use but increased substantially after diabetes center personnel were given a summary of use data and other information pertaining to the new system. However, because of the availability of only one terminal for order entry and the inherent ease and speed of writing prescriptions on paper, use of the system has not met expectations despite the benefits it offers. Prescribers in a diabetes center did not frequently enter prescription information into a computer system linked to the hospital's ambulatory-care pharmacy because the traditional method of writing prescriptions remained available and convenient.

California↗
PubMed1983

Computers in health-sciences education. An application to electrocardiography.

Aspects of a computer-based education (CBE) are described. Recent developments in the use of computer in health-sciences education are highlighted. An interactive computer system ( CALE ) has been developed to provide individualised instruction and testing for biomedical and medical sciences students. CALE is a system for computer assisted learning of electrocardiography which consists of an organizer program and few subprograms . The system has a self-instruction mode which is equivalent to lecturing . Moreover, review questions are supplied either in multiple choice questions ( MCQ ) and/or matched questions and answers ( MQA ) forms. Furthermore, the system can stimulate normal as well as abnormal electrocardiograms. A statistical program is included to evaluate the performance of the students while using the CALE -system. A comment file is created so that the users can register their comments about the CALE and the difficulties they have faced in using the system. CALE is easy to use and requires no knowledge of programming. The feedback obtained from the students currently using the system is encouraging. CALE is written in Data General FORTRAN 5.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

Computer-aided system for measuring the mandibular cortical width on dental panoramic radiographs in identifying postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular inferior cortical width manually measured on dental panoramic radiographs may be useful for identifying postmenopausal women with low skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). Automatic measurement of cortical width may enable us to identify a large number of postmenopausal women with suspected low skeletal BMD. The purposes of this study were to develop a computer-aided system for measuring mandibular cortical width on dental panoramic radiographs and clarify the diagnostic efficacy of this system. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 100 postmenopausal women who had had BMD assessments of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck were used in this study. Experienced oral radiologist determined the position of the mental foramen on 100 digitized dental panoramic radiographs. After determination of the mental foramen, mandibular cortical width below the mental foramen was measured automatically with a computer-aided system by identifying the area of interest, enhancing the original image, determining inner and outer margins of the cortex, and selecting an appropriate point. Cortical width measured by this system was compared with BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlation between cortical width measured by the computer-aided system and spinal BMD (r=0.50) and femoral neck BMD (r=0.54). These correlations were similar with those between cortical width by manual measurement and skeletal BMD. Sensitivity and specificity for identifying postmenopausal women with low spinal BMD by the computer-aided system were about 88.0% and about 58.7%, respectively. Those for identifying postmenopausal women with low femoral neck BMD by this system were about 87.5% and about 56.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that our computer-aided system may be useful for identifying postmenopausal women with low skeletal BMD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiology information systems: evaluation and selection issues.

This article describes attributes of effective computer systems for radiology department management, such as the ability to minimize errors and data entry time while maximizing flexibility, data access and productivity. It also discusses implementation issues managers should be aware of in evaluating computer systems, including hardware platforms, input screens, output options and interfaces with other computer systems.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remote site treatment planning.

Remote site treatment planning was one of the earliest methods of digital computer dose planning. Using batch-oriented or time-sharing mainframe computer systems, researchers in the late 1950s and early 1960s developed many of the basic algorithms used later in stand-alone systems. Although time-shared systems have continued in use, most of the emphasis on treatment planning in the last decade has been on using dedicated mini- and micro-computer systems. Recent developments in the computer industry, such as the use of networks and distributed computer processing, may lead to a resurgence of interest in remote computer systems for treatment planning.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1988

Dose intercomparison at the radiotherapy centers in The Netherlands. 2. Accuracy of locally applied computer planning systems for external photon beams.

As part of a quality assurance program in The Netherlands, the performance of computer planning systems was tested. Relative dose values, determined with an ionization chamber, were compared with dose values obtained from locally applied computer planning systems. Several clinically relevant situations were investigated: perpendicular incident beams, wedged beams, oblique incident beams, variable source-surface distances (SSD) and off-axis planes. The mean value of the ratios of calculated to measured dose values is 0.994, with an uncertainty of 2.4% (1 S.D.) and a maximum deviation of 9%, for all combinations of energies, planning systems and geometries investigated. The uncertainty for each situation separately was less than 2% (1 S.D.), except for the wedged beams and off-axis plane, which showed uncertainties of 2.6% (1 S.D.). Part of the additional uncertainty for the wedged beams originates from the value chosen for the wedge factor. Systematic deviations between calculated and measured dose values were investigated for three commercially available planning systems, separately. The mean deviation was smaller than 1% (1 S.D.), for most situations. Only for the wedged beams, larger deviations, up to a mean deviation of 2.6%, were observed.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Noise properties in the fading of the imaging plate on a computed radiography system].

Fading of the imaging plate (IP) in computed radiography (CR) systems with photostimulable phosphors is known well. The relation between noise properties and the fading of the IP in a CR system was investigated. Uniform exposure for the IP with various times between exposure and readout for the same exposure was used for this study. The relative intensity of photostimulated emission and the digital Wiener spectra were calculated. The relative intensity of photostimulated emission decreased with increasing time, whereas Wiener spectral values showed no difference with increasing time. We concluded that noise properties were not affected by the fading of the IP in the CR system.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modelling and simulation of information systems on computer: methodological advantages.

Modelling and simulation of information systems by the means of miniatures on computer aim at two general objectives: (a) as an aid to design and realization of information systems; and (b) a tool to improve the dialogue between the designer and the users. An operational information system has two components bound by a dynamic relationship, an information system and a behavioural system. Thanks to the behaviour system, modelling and simulation allow the designer to integrate into the projects a large proportion of the system's implicit specification. The advantages of modelling to the information system relate to: (a) The conceptual phase: initial objectives are compared with the results of simulation and sometimes modified. (b) The external specifications: simulation is particularly useful for personalising man-machine relationships in each application. (c) The internal specifications: if the miniatures are built on the concept of process, the global design and the software are tested and also the simulation refines the configuration and directs the choice of hardware. (d) The implementation: stimulation reduces costs, time and allows testing. Progress in modelling techniques will undoubtedly lead to better information systems.

Computers↗
PubMed2006

Nucleation and cavitation of spherical, cylindrical, and slablike droplets and bubbles in small systems.

Computer simulations are employed to obtain subcritical isotherms of small finite sized systems inside the coexistence region. For all temperatures considered, ranging from the triple point up to the critical point, the isotherms gradually developed a sequence of sharp discontinuities as the system size increased from approximately 8 to approximately 21 molecular diameters. For the smallest system sizes, and more so close to the critical point, the isotherms appeared smooth, resembling the continuous van der Waals loop obtained from extrapolation of an analytic equation of state outside the coexistence region. As the system size was increased, isotherms in the chemical potential-density plane developed first two, then four, and finally six discontinuities. Visual inspection of selected snapshots revealed that the observed discontinuities are related to structural transitions between droplets (on the vapor side) and bubbles (on the liquid side) of spherical, cylindrical, and tetragonal shapes. A capillary drop model was developed to qualitatively rationalize these observations. Analytic results were obtained and found to be in full agreement with the computer simulation results. The analysis shows that the shape of the subcritical isotherms is dictated by a single characteristic volume (or length scale), which depends on the surface tension, compressibility, and coexistence densities. For small reduced system volumes, the model predicts that a homogeneous fluid is stable across the whole coexistence region, thus explaining the continuous van der Waals isotherms observed in the simulations. When the liquid and vapor free energies are described by means of an accurate mean-field equation of state and surface tensions from simulation are employed, the capillary model is found to describe the simulated isotherms accurately, especially for large systems (i.e., larger than about 15 molecular diameters) at low temperature (lower than about 0.85 times the critical temperature). This implies that the Laplace pressure differences can be predicted for drops as small as five molecular diameters, and as few as about 500 molecules. The theoretical study also shows that the extrema or apparent spinodal points of the finite size loops are more closely related to (finite system size) bubble and dew points than to classical spinodals. Our results are of relevance to phase transitions in nanopores and show that first order corrections to nucleation energies in finite closed systems are power laws of the inverse volume.

Journal Article↗