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PubMed1982

Studies on human milk III. Secretory IgA quantity and antibody levels against Escherichia coli in colostrum and milk from underprivileged and privileged mothers.

We studied the milk content of secretory IgA (SIgA) and of specific IgA antibodies to E. coli in relation to volume, in 24 h samples from mothers belonging to different socio-economic groups and living under different ecologic conditions in Ethiopia, Guatemala and Sweden. There were no statistically significant differences in the daily output of milk SIgA among the population groups investigated at different times after onset of lactation. There was, however, a certain trend towards lower SIgA levels among the Guatemalan poor women, compared to the corresponding privileged one (Tables 2 and 3). Three days after delivery the underprivileged Ethiopian mothers showed significantly lower antibody levels than the privileged Ethiopian. These differences were no longer seen when the values were corrected for differences in volume (Table 5). One month after delivery, the levels of SIgA antibodies in milk from Swedish women and Guatemalan privileged women, against a pool of eight E. coli somatic antigens were comparable; these two groups of mothers had significantly higher antibody levels than the Guatemalan rural and urban ones (Table 4). The same pattern was observed after correction for differences in 24 h volumes (Table 5). At 3 months after delivery, the Guatemalan urban privileged women, again showed higher levels and daily output of antibodies against the E. coli antigens than the urban poor and rural mothers (Tables 4 and 5). The milk samples taken from a population where malnutrition is evident, i.e., mothers from Santa María Cauqué, did not show any changes in the levels of SIgA and the anti-E. coli antibodies 3, 6, 9 months after initiation of lactation. The data presented here provide evidence that chronically malnourished mothers are able to produce SIgA and transfer it to their offspring via breast milk. Furthermore, they do so in quantities that are comparable to those observed in well-nourished populations. There was a wide range of concentrations and daily output of SIgA and of specific antibodies in all groups, suggesting that some of the infants get less than others. The observed differences in levels of antibodies against E. coli may be explained by differences in exposure to E. coli strains of the eight serogroups studied here. The possibility of a deficiency in the SIgA antibody response in the undernourished mothers still remains unanswered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Urogastrone and lactose concentrations in precolostrum, colostrum, and milk.

The concentration of urogastrone (URO) and lactose was measured in breast secretions from four women. URO levels were high in precolostrum and fell markedly around the time of parturition to relatively constant low levels in mature milk. When milk samples were fractionated on a Biogel P10 column, the major peak of immunoreactivity occurred at the point at which pure URO eluted. There was good correspondence between the fall in URO levels at birth and the increase in lactose levels, suggesting that the decrease in URO was a dilution effect as the osmotic influence of lactose increased.

Colostrum↗
PubMed1984

Colostrum-induced enteric mucosal growth in beagle puppies.

To evaluate the role of artificial feeding and natural feeding in early growth of enteric mucosa, we determined enteric mucosal mass, protein and DNA content, and disaccharidase activities in beagle puppies at birth, and after 24 h of either natural or artificial feeding. Despite similar increases in body weight over the first 24 h of life, neither mucosal mass, DNA content, nor protein content of the artificially fed animals was different from that of newborn animals. In contrast, mucosal mass of the suckled animals was 75% greater, DNA content was 56% greater, and protein content was 93% greater than that of newborn animals. The mucosal protein/DNA ratio of the suckled animals was greater than that of newborn, but not artificially fed animals. The greater DNA, protein, and protein/DNA ratio in this group suggest that the greater mucosal mass is a result of both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Sucrase specific activity of the suckled animals was less than that of the artificially fed but not the newborn animals. Other disaccharidase activities were not different among the three groups. These data extend the findings of Widdowson et al.(25) to another species and demonstrate that this rapid enteric growth over the first day of life results only from natural feeding. They strongly suggest, therefore, that rapid early enteric growth, mediated perhaps by a factor in natural milk that stimulates enteric mucosal growth, is an important heretofore unappreciated phase of intestinal development.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Presence of leptin in colostrum and/or breast milk from lactating mothers: a potential role in the regulation of neonatal food intake.

In neonates both nutrients and regulatory factors are transferred from the mother to the suckling infant via milk. In the present work, it has been shown that human milk contains immunoreactive leptin which is identical to intact human leptin by criteria of charge, size, immunorecognition and SDS-PAGE mobility. In experimental animals it was demonstrated that leptin is transferred from the circulation to mothers' milk, then to the infant's stomach and afterwards to infant blood. Maternal leptin in milk may play a regulatory role in the suckling infant.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Transient detection of proinflammatory cytokines in sera of colostrum-fed newborn calves.

To obtain basic information on the state of proinflammatory cytokines in newborn calves, we determined the kinetics of 5 cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 receptor antagonist) in sera of newborns during the first 4 weeks of life. At birth, none of the 5 cytokines were detected in almost all serum samples, but the cytokines became detectable within 12 hr after being fed colostram. The mean concentrations of the cytokines reached peak levels by 24 hr and then gradually decreased and became undetectable by 4 weeks after birth. Cytokine mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of newborns were observed without reference to the cytokine concentrations in sera. Serum cytokines detected in newborn calves are probably colostral origin.

Animals↗