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It is suggested that only those patients in whom symptoms begin within two weeks after application of the cast should be included in the cast syndrome. Early diagnosis with prompt treatment in the form of replacement therapy and a nasogastric tube is important. Operation should be reserved for those patients in whom conservative treatment fails or the cast cannot be removed.
OBJECTIVE: There are two choices for the stabilization of penetrating lower extremity fractures in the forward surgical environment: bivalved circular casting and external fixation. The material and equipment requirements of these methods are of paramount importance in the austere forward surgical environment. METHODS: Casualties from the Battle of the Black Sea in Somalia 1993 were examined. Penetrating lower extremity fractures requiring immobilization were identified. The relative packing volume and weight for each method of immobilization were analyzed. Finally, the current literature concerning the treatment of penetrating lower extremity fractures sustained in combat was reviewed. RESULTS: The consumable material requirements of cast immobilization are 22.9 times greater by weight and 3.16 times greater by packing volume. Cast immobilization also has a greater durable equipment requirement. External fixation has multiple clinical advantages but is considerably more expensive. CONCLUSION: Based on these variables, the authors determined that external fixation is the treatment of choice for penetrating lower extremity fractures in the forward surgical environment.
Cast immobilization of the wrist remains the treatment of choice for stable fractures of the waist and distal pole of the scaphoid. Criteria for diagnosis of stability should be stringent; plain radiographs may be misleading. CT may provide more accurate information on displacement. Immobilization of the thumb confers no advantage and restricts function unnecessarily. Evidence to support immobilization of the elbow is weak, but it may be useful for selected fractures. A cast does not protect the carpus from the effects of axial loading, which can produce large angulatory forces at the fracture. A gap or fracture offset of 1 mm or more are indicators of instability with potential for nonunion or malunion; internal fixation should be considered for these fractures. Internal fixation may also be considered routinely for proximal pole fractures, regardless of the degree of displacement, in view of their long healing time and high risk of nonunion after cast treatment.
OBJECTIVE: The effect of clasp on the health of abutment teeth. METHODS: To analyse and compare the cariogenic bacteria plaque getting from the buccal cervical third of casting and wrought wire clasp teeth before and one week after wearing removable partial dentures. RESULTS: The average percentages of Streptococcus Mutans and Actinomyces Viscosus in total culturable bacteria rised significently in statistical analysis, but there was no significent difference of Lactobacilli. The average percentage of Actinomyces Viscosus increased less after wearing casting clasp RPD than that of wrought wire clasp. CONCLUSION: Clasps of RPD increased the risk of root caries of abutment teeth. However the influence of casting clasps was smaller than that of wrought wire clasps.
Passive fit of implant frameworks is related in part to the accuracy of the master cast. A method of fabricating a verification stent to check the accuracy of the master cast prior to waxing and casting the implant framework is discussed. The methods utilize routinely available materials and do not require any special instrumentation or equipment. The stent can be fabricated either by the laboratory or the dentist.
Finishing and Polishing constitutes an essential requisite after the fabrication of removable partial dentures. Improper finishing and polishing of cast framework will adversely affect the quality of functional units of partial dentures due to reduced dimensions. In this study the polished surface characteristic and loss of weight of the casting were evaluated and compared following different finishing and polishing techniques. A total number of thirty test specimens were cast and each surface finishing and polishing technique was carried out with a high speed polishing motor and an electropolishing unit under standardised conditions. Surface roughness was evaluated by means of a surface roughness analyzing instrument, Perthometer. The loss of weight due to the metal lost was observed on a sensitive electronic balance. The results of polishing technique employed with G3 group revealed better surface characteristic. It may be understood that sandblasting causes initial roughness and the sequence of coarse cylindrical abrasive, Black hard rubber polisher (coarse grit-Dentauram), Grey hard rubber polisher (Med-grit-Dentauram), Green hard rubber polisher (Fine-grit-Dentauram), Grey flexible rubber polisher (Fine grit-Renfert), felt buff with pumice slurry and felt buff with green polishing compound (Degussa) produced improved surface in this case. The loss of weight due to metal lost show concern with technique groups G4, G5, G6. It can be avoided by judicious sandblasting and application of proper grit of abrasive agents.
"The focus of this research note is the migration of the Patidar community to East Africa--and remigration to Gujarat, India. The primary motive for migration of the immigrant Patidars was to work, accumulate money and return to India, claiming a higher caste status. By 1931, a sufficient number of the community had become economically affluent and were given a higher caste status by the census enumerators. This study illustrates the transient nature of Indian migration to East Africa and its impact on caste mobility."
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the tarnish induced by Streptococcus sobrinus serotype g on Co-Cr, Ni-Cr and casting titanium alloys. METHODS: Co-Cr, Ni-Co and casting titanium alloys were respectively machined into a size of 10 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm in tablets, and totally 90 specimens with 30 of each were prepared for the test. The 30 specimens of each alloy were randomly and equally divided into three subgroups, including the blank control group, the media control group and the inoculated media group. Under the aerobic condition, the surfaces of the sucrose agar media were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus serotype g. The labeled sterile specimens were placed on the surface of the media for 10 weeks. The specimens were changed to a new sucrose media with bacteria each week. The specimens were removed after 10 weeks of incubation, immersed in 0.05% glutaraldehyde solution to eliminate AaY4, rinsed with distilled water. After 2 weeks, the specimens were removed and observed visually or examined by MINOLTA CR-100 color apparatus. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control, the control media without bacteria did not influence the alloy specimens (P > 0.05). Streptococcus sobrinus serotype g caused tarnish on specimens. There was significant difference between the control media group and the blank control group with inoculated media group on all the specimens (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Streptococcus sobrinus serotype g affects the color of Co-Cr, Ni-Cr and casting titanium alloys, but the color does not change from yellow-green range to red-yellow range.
Post and core restorations have been widely utilized in the reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth. This study compares the traditional cast post core with the bonded type, and reviews the restoration of devitalized teeth without imposing frictional forces within the root canal walls. Clinical and laboratory aspects are discussed, with emphasis on the cementing procedure. Several resin cements are evaluated and compared to traditional zinc oxide phosphate cement techniques; microleakage test results are presented. The learning objective of this article is to outline the clinical indications, advantages, disadvantages, and the clinical techniques employed for resin-bonded cast post core restoration. A case of an endodontically treated maxillary left central incisor following a direct trauma is used to illustrate the procedure of resin-bonded post core placement. Biocompatibility of the cast post core is confirmed by a radiograph 2 years postoperatively.
Scanning electron microscopic observation of corrosion casts is the finest technique to describe spatial patterns of microvessels in many organs, giving a readily interpreted representation of their vascular architecture without interference from surrounding tissues. We focused on the renal cortex of guinea pigs to make an in-depth morphological analysis of structural and ultrastructural details left by the cells on the resin cast. In addition, we made a qualitative description of normal variants usually observed in glomerular disposition, arteriolar morphology or capillary arrangement in the space to shed more light on the relationship between vascular tissue and surrounding cells. The study also disclosed some examples of vascular adaption to physiological and pathological conditions occurring in renal microvessels such as many systems essential to flow regulation, filtration and excretory processes. At lower magnification, all major vessels can be readily distinguished: interlobar, arciform and interlobular arteries and veins, along with a web of peritubular and capsular capillaries. At higher magnification, the glomeruli become visible and the afferent and efferent arteries and the tortuosity the inner vessels can be distinguished. In some of them, the resin, due to the narrowing sizes, suddenly stopped leaving a half-casted glomerulus. This helped to reveal its internal circulation characterized by thin capillaries with a high degree of bi or trifurcation. In addition, we confirmed the close correspondence between cellular ultrastructural detail (pores, corrugations of cellular membrane, perivascular cell branches) and the impressions left on the resin visible only at high magnifications.
A shoulder spica cast is often required after major surgery to the shoulder. This type of cast is usually heavy and awkward. A lightweight fiberglass spica has proven to be useful after repair of the deltoid origin, repair of complete rupture of the rotator cuff, and shoulder arthrodesis. Hinges have been incorporated in the spica at the elbow and shoulder to permit maximum motion appropriate to the surgery. This cast is light and well tolerated. Elbow and shoulder stiffness is reduced by the hinges, which may be fabricated out of stock devices heretofore used in knee orthoses.
The three-dimensional microvascular structure of many organs can be adequately investigated only using the corrosion casting technique. We applied this method, consisting of an injection of low viscosity acrylic resin through the major vessels and the subsequent digestion of the organic component with strong alkali or acids, to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles in the rat, focusing on its structural vascular features. This approach allowed a qualitative morphological description of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles, revealing several aspects of their capillary architecture as well as the morphological details underlying its main functional activity, essential to cerebrospinal fluid turnover. Observation of the casts with scanning electron microscopy gave a detailed picture of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles of the rat and enabled us to distinguish four different regions, depending on the site that the lateral ventricles occupied: the anterior olfactory region, the main central region, the longer branch and the inferior horn. Each region mostly consisted of spiral capillaries and had specific characteristics. At high magnification, the casts revealed distinctive vascular specializations, such as numerous bulges regularly placed on the capillaries. This morphological investigation underpins a better comprehension of the pathological mechanisms involving the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles.
The medical records and radiographs of forty-two adolescents (twenty-three male and nineteen female) who had had a posterolateral spinal arthrodesis for spondylolisthesis between 1950 and 1986 were reviewed to assess the long-term outcome of this form of treatment. The average age of the patients at the time of the operation was fourteen years (range, seven years and nine months to seventeen years and eleven months). The duration of the clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged from two years to twenty-seven years and seven months. All patients had an in situ arthrodesis of the involved vertebrae. Eighteen patients had no additional intervention, and twenty-four patients had reduction and application of a cast. Use of the cast led to a decrease in sagittal translation of more than 5 per cent in eighteen patients and a decrease in lumbosacral kyphosis (the slip angle) of more than 5 degrees in fourteen patients. Of the patients who did not have a cast, eight had an increase in sagittal translation of more than 5 per cent and ten had an increase in lumbosacral kyphosis of more than 5 degrees. There were no neurological problems at the time of the initial operation or after the reduction maneuver. At the most recent clinical follow-up examination, thirty-eight patients had no complaints of low-back pain or any restriction of work-related or recreational activities. Persistent low-back pain and pain in the lower extremities limited the activities of the remaining four patients, two of whom had another operation to alleviate these symptoms.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and treatment outcomes of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) using a newly developed simple body cast system for lung and liver tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2003 to July 2004, 20 patients were treated with SRT at the Kyushu University Hospital. Thirteen patients had primary lung cancer, 5 had metastatic lung cancer, and 2 had hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients were fixed with a thermoplastic body cast combined with a vacuum pillow, arm and leg support, and a carbon plate. SRT was given in 5-8 fields with an isocenter dose of 48-60 Gy in 4-10 fractions. Target verification was performed by computed tomography (CT) during the first session, and by anterior-posterior (A-P) and lateral portal images during the second and subsequent sessions. RESULTS: The average setup errors and deviation in the first treatment session were 1.4 +/- 1.2, 1.1 +/- 1.0, and 3.3 +/- 2.8 mm in the lateral, A-P, and cranio-caudal (C-C) directions, respectively. The setup errors in the second and subsequent sessions were 2.4 +/- 0.5, 1.4 +/- 1.8, and 3.7 +/- 2.6 mm in the lateral, A-P, and C-C directions, respectively. The patient's movement during a treatment session was within 5 mm in any direction. Despite the short follow-up periods (1-15 months), complete response was shown in 4 lesions, and partial response was shown in 15 lesions. Neither local progression nor serious complication was observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: SRT using our body cast system was a safe and reliable treatment method for extracranial tumors.
The electrochemical behavior of titanium and dental casting alloys in modelling oral conditions With applying dental implants in the oral cavity the direct contact of various metals (titanium and other casting alloys) is unavoidable. Considering the electrolyte characteristic of the saliva, the chances are given that electrochemical processes might occur under such circumstances. The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behavior of titanium and other dental alloys being in direct contact with the oral environment. Nickel-chromium, cobalt-chromium, high palladium content and gold alloys as well as CP grade I titanium cast samples respectively were involved in the study. Test models were made from these metals. As an electrolyte solution (set to pH 4) artificial saliva and 0.9 % NaCl solution were used. The type and the rate of corrosion were assessed with laboratory immersion test and electrochemical polarization method. In case of polarization method a three-electrode measuring-cell was applied. Laboratory exposure tests revealed that titanium resisted corrosion; there was no sign of corrosion at all. The high palladium content alloy and gold alloy behaved similarly. The nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys showed some signs of corrosion, especially in sites with damaged surface or inhomogeneities on the surface. Results of the laboratory electrochemical experiments correlated with immersion studies graphically illustrated in the paper.
Neuropathic foot ulcers are common in diabetic patients. One etiological factor is neural dysfunction. These ulcers are a major cause leading to limb loss and exist in 85% of diabetic patients undergoing amputations. A treatment modality of neuropathic ulcers is by weight-bearing relief of the affected area, which facilitates natural healing. The best way of providing such treatment is by the application of a total contact healing plaster cast which dissipates the pressure over the entire sole and shin. The method is successful in more than 70% of the cases. The major drawbacks of this process are the frequent need to change the plaster cast, which is extremely time consuming, and the need for a skilled artisan. This treatment protocol is dependent on the availability of conditions that will permit the artisan to create these total contact casts.
Adjustment of metal alloy framework of the porcelain-fused-to-metal crown by soldering minor marginal deficiences prior insertion may sometimes be needed. The aim of this study was to compare shear bond strengths of four luting cements to casting metal alloy and soldering metal alloy. A total of 64 flame cast non-precious metal alloy and flame soldered metal alloy samples were used. Durelon, Panavia F, RelyX Unicem Applicap and RelyX ARC stubs were bonded to the alloy substrate surface. After stored in water at 37 degrees C for 1 week, shear bond strength of the cement to the alloy was measured. Differences were analyzed using one way ANOVA (p<0.05). There were no difference between the cast metal alloy and soldering metal alloy substrate.
OBJECTIVE: To acquire the 3D point-cloud of the dental casts of intercuspal position and rebuild it in computer. METHODS: A special scanning method was used to acquire the point-cloud of dental cast by using the D.02-L-3D SCANNER and rebuild the model by computer. RESULTS: The method could acquire a 3D model with high resolving power and clear-cut dental anatomic configuration for the dental casts of intercuspal position. CONCLUSION: This is a viable method of scanning with many advantages, such as precision, simplicity, high efficiency. It could satisfy the requirements of clinical practice, teaching and scientific research.