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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Breeding sites of Glossina palpalis s.1. pupae in a transitional woodland area in Ivory Coast].

Search for pupae of G. palpalis s.1. was conducted from February to December 1981 in the Bouaflé area, Ivory Coast. 1909 pupae were collected from 70 breeding sites after 518 hours of search. Pupae were found both in the dry and the rainy seasons. The vegetation and the nature of the soil seem to be two inseparable factors for the creation and the maintenance of Glossina breeding sites in the study area. In localities with high pig population density, a greater number of pupae were found either at the edge of the village or at a distance not exceeding 500 m from the houses. This observation confirms peridomestic behaviour of G. palpalis s.1. in these localities. On the contrary, in localities with low pig population density or without pigs, peridomestic breeding was not observed; all the pupae were found at a distance 500 m to 3 km away from the houses, in coffee and cocoa plantations and in woodlands. The epidemiological significance of the distribution of G. palpalis s.1. breeding sites in the study area is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diverse xenotropic virus expressions in two NZB mouse breeding lines that differ in chromosome breakage.

Two breeding lines of the NZB/BI mouse strain, which was originated from Bielschowsky's stock and maintained as a conventional inbred colony since 1963, were developed by selective matings according to chromosome breakage incidence in bone marrow cells. These breeding lines were used because they represent an interesting experimental model, since they differ in the manifestations of the autoimmune process and the incidence of lymphomas. The present study showed that embryos from both breeding lines differed in the expression of the xenotropic type C RNA virus, characteristic of NZB mice. All 17 cultures initiated with embryos from the line showing high chromosome breakage (HB) had positive reverse transcriptase (RT) reactions after cocultivation with an indicator cell line (SIRC). On the contrary, only 3 of the 22 embryos from the line showing low chromosome breakage (LB) had RT activity at late passages (7-10). The chromosome studies done on these embryo cultures showed highly significant differences in the chromosome breakage incidence for the 2 breeding lines [10.6 and 20.5% of cells with aberrations for LB and HB embryos, respectively (P less than 0.001)].

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Persistence of virus in swine stock and breeding farms following an outbreak of Aujeszky's disease].

On seven fattening farms and seven breeding farms, investigations were carried out to examine whether Aujeszky virus was capable of persisting in particular animal groups or units of the farm as a productive infection following a virologically verified outbreak. After an outbreak on fattening farms, virus persisted temporarily as newly arrived piglets became systematically infected. On the farms on which this could be accurately followed, virus persistence continued for at least 1 1/2 to 2 months. However, this cycle of infection was found to be interrupted on each farm within approximately three months after the outbreak, which resulted in a gradual return to a totally sensitive animal population, so that new outbreaks could occur. On the seven swine breeding farms, virus persistence in the farrowing house was examined by placing seronegative sentinel piglets with sows during the immediate post-partum period. Twelve sentinel piglets were placed in the various farrowing houses for a total period of sixty-seven weeks, during which time 172 sows farrowed. None of these piglets became seropositive during their stay on the breeding farms. The results of this study show that Aujeszky's disease virus did not persist on breeding farms and that the productive infection on fattening farms in only transient following an outbreak. Therefore, it is very likely that new outbreaks of the disease are due to reintroduction of Aujeszky's disease virus on the farm. Though the role of latent carrier animals cannot be totally disregarded, natural reactivation of latent virus is believed an exception rather than the general rule.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) in the Belgian Landrace breed of pigs: some findings concerning the role of subcellular fractions (author's transl)].

Both calcium ++-activated magnesium++ adenosine triphosphatase and the calcium++-accumulating activity of SR isolated from white skeletal muscle of pigs of the Yorkshire breed resistant to MH and pigs of the Belgian Landrace breed susceptible to MH continue to be stable throughout the process of growth. There was not any detectable difference between the two breeds and therefore it could not be concluded that there was a defective SR membrane. Abnormal contractions induced by halothane and caffeine in biopsy specimens of muscle of MH-susceptible pigs of the Belgian Landrace breed are mainly produced by external calcium++, CN--not having any inhibitory effect in these cases. The contractions induced by combined caffeine and halothane in susceptible animals are more marked than those occurring in resistant animals. These increased contractions are mainly due to external Ca++ and, to a less extent, to CN--sensitive mitochondrial Ca++ fluxes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Haemoglobin values and some biochemical parameters of different breeds and sexes of pigs in a tropical humid environment.

The serum values were determined of haemoglobin (Hb), total protein, uric acid, citrulline, and transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) in 47 boars and non-pregnant gilts of six breeds: eight pure Large Whites (LW), seven pure Durocs (DR), eight Landraces (LR), eight indigenous (IND), eight three-way crosses (LW X DR X Hampshire), and eight two-way crosses (LW X DR). The urea values of the serum were influenced significantly (P less than 0.01) by the breed and sex, the levels of Hb and SGOT were only affected by the breed. Besides, a significant (P less than 0.01) influence was found of the sex on the uric acid values. The total serum protein and the SGPT activities were not significantly affected by either breed or sex.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1982

The distribution and frequency of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae) breeding places on the Kenya Coast in relation to human sociological factors.

In rural settlements of the Kenya Coast C. p. quinquefasciatus develops in three major types of breeding-places. These are pit latrines, cesspools and small cement cisterns which man builds to improve his sanitary facilities. All three types are present in Moslem villages. At present only latrines have been recorded in non-Moslem villages. Building of such facilities is an established practice in Moslem villages while it is recent in non-Moslem ones. The proportion of houses with potential breeding-places is increasing with the standard of living of the inhabitants and with the size of the settlements. Since the building of sanitary facilities will probably increase in the future the mosquito breeding situation will tend to worsen accordingly. Thus there is an urgent need to curb such breeding by developing low cost technology which can easily be implemented.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The suitability of various types of dung and vegetable matter as larval breeding media for Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

The dung of 7 species of domestic animals, 4 plant materials, standard larval breeding medium and 3 mixtures of some of these materials were evaluated as breeding media for Stomoxys calcitrans larvae. S. calcitrans could not breed in pure chicken dung or in either of the 2 types of sawdust tested, but Pinus spp. sawdust plus chicken dung proved an excellent breeding medium. Of the other media tested, Pennisetum spp. clippings were the least favourable for the development of S. calcitrans larvae. None of the media had any effect on the sex ratio of the adults that were cultured or on the viability of their eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Influence of age, breed, and stage of pregnancy on hepatic ultrasonographic findings in cows.

Influence of age, breed, and stage of pregnancy on hepatic ultrasonographic findings of cows was determined. In addition, the relation between body weight, height at the withers, milk production, and the measurements determined via ultrasonography was investigated. The liver of 186 cows was examined ultrasonographically. The cows comprised Swiss Braunvieh, Simmental, and Holstein breeds, and age ranged from 2.5 to 11.5 years. The ultrasonographic findings of the liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, and portal vein were described, and the position, size, thickness, and distal angle of the liver were determined. In addition, the position and diameter of the caudal vena cava and portal vein were determined. There was no significant difference between any of the variables determined and breed or age. Therefore, measurements for the 3 breeds and for the various ages were summarized into 1 group. There were significant correlations between body weight, milk production, and size and thickness of the liver. In 3 pregnant cows, the liver was examined ultrasonographically 8 times during the course of pregnancy. Positive correlation was detected between stage of pregnancy and diameter of the caudal vena cava. There was a negative correlation between stage of pregnancy and diameter of the portal vein. In 23 cows, the ultrasonographically determined measurements of the liver were compared with those determined at slaughter. Weight of the liver correlated well to thickness of the liver determined via ultrasonography.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of propofol in mixed-breed dogs and greyhounds.

Pharmacokinetics and recovery characteristics of propofol in Greyhounds and mixed-breed dogs were compared. In all dogs, disposition of propofol was adequately described by a 2-compartment open model, with a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase. When findings in Greyhounds were compared with those in mixed-breed dogs, significant differences were observed in mean concentrations of propofol in blood, recovery characteristics, and estimates for apparent volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, and total body clearance. In addition, Greyhounds recovered from anesthesia at higher concentrations of propofol than did mixed-breed dogs. A secondary peak in blood propofol concentration was observed in 8 of 10 Greyhounds and in 5 of 8 mixed-breed dogs. This peak corresponded to the time of return of the righting reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prospects and limits of animal breeding from the physiological aspects].

Livestock breeding is characterized by substantial increases in performance in recent years. However, pathophysiological changes have to be considered when increased production levels will exceed maximal physiological capacities. Gastrointestinal adaptation processes of ruminants kept under aride grazing conditions are discussed in comparison with european sheep breeds. The high stress susceptibility in pigs which is genetically determined is taken as a further example to explain the onset of diseases on the basis of pathophysiological mechanisms being induced by breeding techniques. From this the necessity for a close cooperation between animal breeding and physiology has to be concluded.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

[Spectrum of species and incidence of endoparasites in foals and their mother mares from breeding farms with and without anthelmintic prophylaxis in upper Bavaria].

In this epidemiological study 37 foals and mares were included, which have been coproscopically examined in regular intervals over a period lasting up to 13 months. The animals derived from nine breeding farms. In three of these farms no anthelmintics were used before this investigation, whereas in six farms at least three years before regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics have been carried out. This investigation revealed no differences in the species spectrum of endoparasites as well as in the incidence of infections as regards to the breeding farms with and without anthelmintic prophylaxis, however, significant differences between foals and mares. At least nine species were established in foals, Strongyloides westeri in 54.1% of the animals, Parascaris equorum in 64.9%, small strongyles, whose third stage larvae showed either eight or 12 intestinal cells, in 83.8%, Anoplocephala perfoliata in 16.2%, Eimeria leuckarti in 64.9%, Giardia in 5.4%, Cryptosporidium parvum in 2.7% and Gasterophilus intestinalis in 21.6%. Parasitic infections with two or more species were found in 83.8% of the foals. The species spectrum of endoparasites in mares from breeding farms without anthelmintic prophylaxis consisted of at least three species of small strongyles, whose third stage larvae were characterized by eight, 12 or 16 intestinal cells. In mares from breeding farms practising regular anthelmintic prophylaxis, however, at least seven species were ascertained, the same small strongyles, P. equorum, A. perfoliata, E. leuckarti and G. intestinalis.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testicular composition, number of A spermatogonia, germ cell ratios, and number of spermatids in three different breeds of boars.

Seminal quality, including the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, varies among breeds of boars. Variation in seminal quality may be explained by breed differences in testicular size and composition. The objective of this study was to characterize testicular composition and population sizes of germ cells and somatic cells in three different breeds of boars. Testes from mature and normal Meishan (M, n = 5; age 225 days), Whitecross (WC, n = 5; age 346 days), and West African (WA, n = 5; age 322 days) boars were either fixed in Zenker-formol or perfused with glutaraldehyde, embedded in Epon, sectioned at 0.5 microns or 20 microns and evaluated stereologically for germ cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and other testicular structures. The paired parenchymal weight was higher (P < 0.05) in the WC (498 +/- 35 g) than in the M (247 +/- 17 g) or WA (133 +/- 10 g). The nuclear volumes per boar of Sertoli cells, type A spermatogonia, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids with spherical nuclei, and spermatids with elongated nuclei were higher (P < 0.05) in the WC than in the M or WA. The nuclear volumes per boar of blood vessels and Leydig cells were exceptionally higher (P < 0.05) in the M than in the WC or WA. The average germ cell nuclear diameters were similar (P > 0.05) for the M and WC but least (P < 0.05) in the WA breed. Also, the nuclear diameters of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were higher (P < 0.05) in the M than in the WC or WA. The population sizes of all the intratubular components were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with testicular size (weight). Volume density of seminiferous tubules was similar in the WA and WC, but was lowest in the M, who had the highest density of Leydig cells. However, due to the larger testes, all germ cell types and Sertoli cells were higher in the WC than in the WA or M. The M and WA had similar low numbers of type A spermatogonia, but there was less term cell degeneration in M than in Wa, such that M spermatids were intermediate in number between WA and WC.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Characterizing dog breed differentiation with microsatellite markers.

Estimates of dog breed differentiation at microsatellite loci were obtained: (1) by contrasting data from German shepherds with a composite breed mixture sample; (2) by examining the Wahlund effect in new and published breed mixture data sets; and (3) from a comparison of published retriever and dachshund allele frequencies. In terms of F-statistics, the estimates ranged FBT = 0.22-0.30, and were therefore considerably greater than a previous estimate from allozyme data (FBT = 0.10). The new estimates are consistent with a view that the genetic basis of an average breed effectively corresponds to four genomes sampled from the total, or ancestral, dog gene pool.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

[Current information on the composition and breed distribution of urinary stones in dogs].

5706 canine urinary stones were analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy from 1984-1996. The stones were sent in together with epidemiologic data (breed, age, sex, localisation of the stones, type of stone removal, stone frequency etc.) by more than 800 veterinarians from Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland. Irrespective of stone type, urinary stones were observed in almost all breeds, but small breeds like dachshound, poodle, terrier, schnauzer, and pekingese have a higher tendency to form stones. With 59.5% struvite is the most frequent stone type, followed by cystine with 15.5%. Cystine stones are becoming less frequent during the observation time, whereas the share of calcium oxalate (14.2%) and ammonium urate (6.0%) stones remains unchanged. The latter stone types are found predominantly in specific breeds. The stone formation appears predominantly at the age of 7. Male dogs form stones twice as often as female dogs. 98% of the stones were located in the lower urinary tract. About 90% of the urinary stones required surgical treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Medical management of urinary calculi in a stallion with breeding dysfunction.

A 9-year-old Thoroughbred stallion was examined because of breeding dysfunction and possible urethritis. The stallion had good libido and readily obtained an erection, mounted, and intromitted but did not thrust and ejaculate. After mounting the mare, the stallion would squeal and dismount. Endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder revealed irregular, spiculate yellow crystals (< 1 cm in size) and sabulous deposits; numerous calculi were embedded in the mucosa of the bladder. Because the horse was at the start of a breeding season, the owner would not give permission for general anesthesia. Medical management was attempted, because postoperative convalescence after surgical removal of calculi might have curtailed breeding activities, and the calculi were small. Every 1 to 3 days, the bladder was lavaged with saline solution containing acetic acid, and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs were administered. The stallion was able to return to breeding mares, and sperm numbers and semen quality were good. However, urine contamination of the ejaculate was detected, suggesting that the stallion may have had a primary neurologic deficit affecting bladder control and function that was causing calculi to form secondarily because of delay in movement of urine through the urinary tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Distribution, serovar affiliation and epidemiologic behavior of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from ornamental bird breeds].

Investigations of faeces samples from breeding stocks of companion birds in the federal state of Thuringia revealed a high contamination rate of companion birds with Cryptococcus (Cr.) neoformans var. neoformans. The prevalence of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans correlated with the spectrum of bird species present in the respective breeding units. The causes for that are not clear at the moment. Sensitivity of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans towards alkaline agents was not confirmed and was ruled out as a reason for different tenacity of the yeast in various bird breedings. Differentiation of varieties within Cr. neoformans was possible on the basis of proline assimilation, determination of canavanine resistance, EDTA urease test, as well as Cr. neoformans var. neoformans factor sera and PCR fingerprinting. Serological differentiation of serovars and PCR fingerprinting resulted in subdivision of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans isolates into two groups, which corresponded to serovars A and D. A prevalence of serovar A isolates was found in investigated bird breeding stocks. This also corresponded to the distribution of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans described in literature in humans with cryptococcosis in Germany. Consequently, serovar A or D infections of patients may be connected with their contacts to Cr. neoformans-excreting companion birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression pattern of extracellular matrix proteins in the pancreas of various domestic pig breeds, the Goettingen Minipig and the Wild Boar.

UNLABELLED: In spite of progress in biotechnology, isolation of porcine pancreatic islets remains a difficult task with unpredictable results. One reason could be the lack of knowledge as to the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in porcine exocrine and endocrine tissues, particularly in "islet capsules". Such proteins are subject to digestion by proteases, yet they might have a protective function for the fragile islets. OBJECTIVE: Of our study was a detailed histological analysis of the extracellular matrix proteins in various pig breeds. A broad panel of commercial, human-specific antibodies were used, since antibodies against porcine tissue were not available. METHODS: Frozen pancreatic tissue section of 7 domestic pig breeds, the Goettingen Minipig and the Wild Boar were stained with antibodies against collagen types I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin and elastin. Binding of antibodies was detected by immunoperoxidase and evaluated microscopically. Human and rat tissue was treated in the same way. RESULTS: (1) With the exception of anti-collagen type II, type VII and vitronectin, all antibodies revealed distinct binding patterns in the pancreas of the different pig breeds. However these antibodies bound on human cartilage and skin. (2) Collagen types I, III, IV, laminin and fibronectin are expressed on porcine pancreatic "islet capsules". (3) Expression levels of these proteins on "islet capsules" vary in the different pig breeds. However, no significant differences could be found in the expression pattern of collagen types I, III, IV, laminin and fibronectin, comparing domestic, experimental and wild type pigs. (4) Older individuals (Goettingen Minipig) appear to express higher levels of proteins on "islet capsules" than younger ones. CONCLUSIONS: Antibodies with specificity for human extracellular matrix proteins can be used successfully in the porcine pancreas. Thus, analysis of the structure and composition of porcine pancreatic tissue can be performed even without pig-specific antibodies. Particularly, the effects of various proteases and collagenases on the pancreatic tissue can now be monitored by immunohistochemical analysis allowing a rational design of protease mixtures for the isolation of pancreatic islets.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

The current and future perspective of ChickenGTEx project and its applications in precision breeding.

The Chicken Genotype-Tissue Expression (ChickenGTEx) project was established to systematically characterize the regulatory landscape of the chicken genome and to accelerate the translation of functional genomics into precision breeding. By integrating whole-genome sequencing with multi-tissue transcriptomic profiling, ChickenGTEx provides a comprehensive atlas of gene expression regulation across diverse tissues and physiological systems. Current findings demonstrate that complex production traits are governed by coordinated regulatory networks rather than isolated loci, with substantial contributions from tissue-specific gene expression, structural variation, and genotype-by-sex interactions. Sex-dependent regulatory effects further refine the genetic architecture of metabolic, immune, and reproductive traits, highlighting the importance of incorporating sex as a biological variable in genomic analyses. Application of integrative omics frameworks within elite layer populations has revealed multilayer regulatory mechanisms underlying extended laying performance, feed efficiency, metabolic health, and eggshell quality. By partitioning phenotypic variance into genetic, regulatory, and host-microbiome components, these approaches move beyond association-based mapping toward causal inference and biological interpretation. Importantly, validated regulatory loci identified through ChickenGTEx and related analyses provide actionable markers for genomic selection and rational targets for precision genome modification. Looking forward, continued expansion of regulatory atlases, incorporation of single-cell and longitudinal data in diverse environmental conditions, and integration of functional annotation into breeding pipelines will further enhance prediction accuracy and sustainable genetic improvement. The ChickenGTEx project thus represents a foundational platform bridging functional genomics and practical poultry breeding.

Animals↗