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Pediatric elbow injuries that result from repetitive throwing-type activities are common. These injuries differ from those seen in adults, because of anatomic differences. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to review the anatomy of the elbow and the mechanics of the throwing motion about the elbow, and second, to discuss the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of pediatric throwing injuries of the elbow.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Contrary to popular belief spread by misleading advertisements, spit tobacco is not a safe alternative to cigarettes. An abundance of evidence indicates that these products are not only dangerous to health, but often lethal. In Michigan, a statewide educational campaign is now underway to alert the public to the facts about spit tobacco. The National Institute of Health recommends that dentists ask all patients, beginning at age 5, about their tobacco use. The use of nationally known celebrities seems a critically important ingredient in this anti-tobacco campaign, in order to offset the glamorous advertisements from the tobacco industry. Ultimately, however, it is steady, sure, ever-serious reminders by health professionals of the dangers of spit tobacco that will carry the most weight. Above all, it is the dentist who has this opportunity and this responsibility.
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Fractures of the distal third of the forearm are common in children. These fractures are known to heal readily and rapidly. We describe a 10-year-old boy who had a closed, low-energy fracture of the distal radius and ulna. The radius healed promptly, but the ipsilateral ulna had radiographic evidence of delayed union. We have not found a report of a nonunion of this kind in the literature. With the increasing use of internal fixation and the lack of guidance in the literature, we questioned the standard use of closed treatment. We treated this patient nonoperatively, despite the delay in union, and the fracture healed in 4 months.
The adolescent athlete with an open epiphyseal plate presents with different shoulder problems than does the adult. Most shoulder injuries in the adolescent athlete can be treated conservatively with a good prognosis for full return of function. The exception is a glenohumeral dislocation, which will probably recur and need a surgical reconstruction.