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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Allied health careers special resources and services program: increasing the probabilities of success for 'high risk' students in allied health career programs.

This article describes a successful developmental program specifically designed for academically "high risk" students entering a two-year community college career program in allied health. The program consisted of providing an intensive three-week instructional program to students before they entered the allied health career program, and subsequently providing an ongoing support system of tutoring, counseling and career development activities. Participants attained higher levels of academic performance and retention than nonparticipants.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

Factors influencing internship/residency and practice locations: implications for public policy.

This study analyzed the location attachment characteristics of graduates of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School to test three hypotheses describing the relationship of these characteristics to the graduates' choice of internship and practice location. Data analyses revealed no significant relationships between graduates' place of birth and academic performance and their decisions to intern and/or practice in Wisconsin.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Medical school graduates who leave California. A study at the University of California, San Francisco.

A follow-up survey of 1,087 physicians who had graduated from the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine from 1951 through 1971 was completed in 1977. A total of 307 (28.2 percent) of these persons were found to have left California. Comparison of the 307 who left with the 780 who remained showed only slight and statistically insignificant differences on most variables, such as sex, academic performance in premedical and medical education, educational level and social class of parents, age at entry into medical school, ratings by admissions interviewers, choice of specialty and a wide variety of personality inventory measures. Among the variables that did differentiate were place of birth, location and prestige of premedical college, preferences for subjects in the sciences and the humanities, and the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores for quantitative ability and general information. However, attempts to combine these individual differentiators into clusters or equations from which to forecast emigration from California were unsuccessful.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Anorexia nervosa may occur in one of 200 white adolescent girls, and bulimia appears to be much more common, particularly in older adolescents and young women. These disorders are distinctly uncommon in the male population. Current opinion supports a psychological basis for these disorders, although there are some findings that suggest a primary hypothalamic defect. Early warning signs of anorexia nervosa include an arrest in weight gain during puberty, increasing social isolation, hyperathleticism, and increasing concern over academic performance. Bulimia may exist concomitantly with anorexia nervosa or as an entirely separate disorder characterized by a recurrent binge-purge cycle. The signs and symptoms of these eating disorders are mainly those associated with weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. Because of the complex psychological issues involved, an experienced psychotherapist should be involved while the primary care clinician provides anticipatory and supportive medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A program to help asthmatic students reach their potential.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting 15 percent of Americans under the age of 15. It ranks first among the chronic disease in causing school absenteeism, and it has been linked to lowered academic performance. An educational program for elementary school teachers has been developed to assist the asthmatic student in reaching his or her potential. The program addresses needs expressed by members of the Montgomery, Ala., chapter of Parents of Asthmatic Kids (PAK). These parents voiced concern regarding the inadequate preparation of teachers for dealing with the needs of the asthmatic student. Results of a survey of teachers in local elementary schools confirmed their need for asthma education. The program, consisting of an audiovisual presentation, an informative brochure, and an instructional packet to use with first to sixth graders, is designed to be presented in faculty meetings throughout the school system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the module, a simple test is administered before and after the program. The program has been accepted by the American Lung Association of Alabama and is under consideration by the American Lung Association at the national level.

Alabama↗
PubMed1984

Sensory integration therapy: a trial of a specific neurodevelopmental therapy for the remediation of learning disabilities.

In the population of learning-disabled (LD) children, there appears to be a subsample who demonstrate basic dysfunction in sensory integration. Previous research suggested that sensory integration (SI) therapy may be effective in improving the academic performance of this subsample of LD children. This study is a systematic replication of previous research on the effects of SI therapy on LD children. The 87 LD children in this study manifest moderate SI dysfunction, a vestibular processing disorder, perceptual deficits, and reading retardation. Data on a subgroup of 45 children with markedly depressed postrotary nystagmus are presented. After nine months of individual SI therapy, no systematic effects on any of the dependent variables were discernible. The implications of these findings for further research are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Behavioural determinants of blood pressure in pre-adolescents.

The relationship between blood pressure and behavioural syndromes assessed by means of an "adjective test" was examined in a group of 467 pre-adolescents. Preliminary results suggest that certain specific behaviour characteristics can be identified in individuals with elevated blood pressure already in childhood and adolescence. Cluster analysis showed that subjects with higher blood pressure do not constitute a psychologically homogeneous group but can be classed into one of the following three subgroups: individuals with "High Academic Performance", "Dysthymic Behaviour" or "Behavioural Disturbances". The relationship between blood pressure and behavioural factors is not mediated by covariables such as social status, sexual maturity, body mass, smoking habits, etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[A research effort in the teaching-care dimension of nursing].

The article seeks to demonstrate the importance of research in nursing by drawing attention to the resources available to the teacher, such as links to health services, the area of academic performance, the collaboration of students, financing, and others in the teaching-care framework. The new orientation of the curriculum of the Nursing School of the National University of Colombia (Bogotá) places more emphasis on aspects of care-cure and prevention, and seeks through learning experiences to foster changes in the attitudes of students. This shift in the curriculum generated the need for a study among the students in the school to detect attitudes toward the aspects of care-cure and prevention, and, consequently, a questionnaire was designed to elicit attitudes that tend to determine positive and negative affect toward these aspects. The results show that 73.97% of nursing students are satisfied with the career they have chosen and have positive attitudes toward the aspects of care-cure and prevention. Nevertheless, there are some differences in relation to prevention, and it was found that third-year students have more positive attitudes than students at other levels. The results of the study are being used in an attempt to better adjust the curriculum to these circumstances and thus produce nursing personnel who are more in keeping with the country's health needs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Characteristics of medical students who choose primary care as a career: the McMaster experience.

We examined the relation between demographic characteristics and the career choices of medical students who entered McMaster University medical school between 1969 and 1975. In contrast to earlier work, this study found no significant differences in sex, age, marital status at the time of entry into medical school, undergraduate major, whether prerequisite premedical courses had been taken, undergraduate grade point average and academic performance between the graduates who chose primary care and those who chose a specialty. This suggests that many medical school graduates in the 1970s entered primary care by choice rather than by default.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A program to recruit and educate medical students to practice family medicine in underserved areas.

In an attempt to address the problem of physician maldistribution, Jefferson Medical College initiated the Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) in 1974, a special admissions program that preferentially selects applicants who intend to practice family medicine in physician shortage areas in Pennsylvania. Forty-seven students in four classes have been graduated from the program. Evaluation of these students during medical school shows that their academic performance has been similar to their classmates. Follow-up evaluation indicates that PSAP graduates are five times as likely as their peers (non-PSAP) to enter a family medicine residency program during the first postgraduate year (62% v 12%), and almost twice as likely to enter family medicine as a comparable group of non-PSAP students who originally entered Jefferson with plans of becoming a family physician (62% v 33%).

Career Choice↗
PubMed1983

Clinical aspects of La Crosse encephalitis: neurological and psychological sequelae.

Only rarely will a child continue to have focal neurologic findings, such as paresis, for as long as 8 years after LAC encephalitis. Most of the other focal neurologic findings, such as Babinski reflexes, pathologic reflexes, aphasias, choreas, dysarthrias and ataxias, resolve completely. Abnormal electroencephalographic findings during the acute period were note in 86-100% of the cases. On 1-8 year follow-up, EEG abnormalities were noted in approximately 33% of the subjects tested. Seizures are present at high frequency during acute illness and recurrent seizures may occur in 6-13% of the cases 1-8 years after infection. The cognitive and intellectual functioning of children following LAC encephalitis is not significantly different from that of the normal population. As a group, LAC encephalitis victims also function in the normal range in terms of their academic performances. There are individuals, however, who will have suffered permanent destructive lesions resulting in lowered IQ and lowered school performance. Behavioral abnormalities are difficult to measure and when present, difficult to ascribe to a definitive cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Interpersonal support and coping among first-year dental students.

Previous studies have suggested that individuals involved in supportive interpersonal relationships are buffered against the deleterious effects of stress. This hypothesis was evaluated in a dental school setting by examining the support networks of 63 first-year students. Levels of support were correlated with academic performance and indices of physical and psychological well-being. For men, social support was generally associated with better performance and well-being. Women, on the other hand, exhibited predominately negative relationships between support and all outcome measures. An unexpected finding for both men and women was the consistent, positive relationship between support and reported drug use. Tentative interpretations of the drug use findings as well as the paradoxical support-performance correlations for women are made. Several strategies for enhancing support system benefits are suggested.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1981

Laboratory grouping based on previous courses.

In the human physiology course at Loyola University School of Dentistry, students (N = 761, second-year classes from 1971 to 1976) were divided into three laboratory groups according to prior experience with physiology courses and laboratories. To determine the effects of this grouping on academic performance, data were obtained on grades in the physiology course, National Board scores in physiology (combined with biochemistry from 1973 to 1976), predental GPA, and predental science GPA. Comparisons were made between the three groups using t-tests, and correlation coefficients were obtained for physiology grade and National Board score, predental GPA, and predental science GPA. The results indicated that there were no significant differences among the three groups in performance in the physiology course or on the National Board Examination. Significant correlations were found between course performance and the other three variables. The overall impression of the faculty and the students was that the grouping program has been successful in improving laboratory performance and participation in the conference sessions.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosing dyslexia. A note on the need for ecological assessment.

Diagnosis of dyslexia and other learning disabilities is usually made on the basis of poor academic performance; intact intelligence; presence of neurological, perceptual, or linguistic disorders; and exclusion of obvious physical, emotional, or environmental difficulties. Recent evidence suggests that both physicians and educators often fail to consider certain situational and instructional factors, which often leads to incorrect diagnosis of the syndrome. A simple case review and interview procedure is suggested as a means of avoiding the problem of false-positive diagnoses of dyslexia.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Effects of nephrotic syndrome on the family: a controlled study.

The hypothesis that the parents and siblings of children with nephrotic syndrome are more likely to develop psychosocial problems than those of healthy children was tested. Seventy-nine siblings from 36 such families were compared with 79 healthy children from closely matched families using interviews, parent rating scales, teachers' reports, and psychological tests. Although few striking differences were found between the two groups, the findings suggest several areas of increased vulnerability among the parents and siblings of children with nephrosis. Parents often denied the existence of apparently stressful events, but the personality profiles of the siblings suggested decreased social confidence and a lesser degree of self-acceptance. Evidence of inhibition, such as less aggression and poorer academic performance, were also described in response to questions in the interview. These results should prove useful to clinicians in the management of families of children with this or other chronic illnesses.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Teaching pediatric hospital. CHILDREN: During 1983 through 1986, 158 meningitis survivors, ages 3 months to 14 years, treated at a single center were enrolled. Between 1991 and 1993, 130 children, 82% of the original cohort, were evaluated at a mean age of 8.4 years and a mean of 6.7 years after their meningitis. OUTCOME MEASURES: Blinded neurologic, neuropsychologic, audiologic, behavior, and socio-demographic assessments were compared with those from grade- and sex-matched control children. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age at testing and socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: There was a systematic increase in risk of abnormality or poorer functioning for children with meningitis, compared with control children, across all categories tested, which was significant for fine motor function, Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and tests of school behavior, neuropsychologic function, and auditory figure-ground differentiation. Eleven children who had experienced meningitis (8.5%) had major deficits (IQ < 70, seizures, hydrocephalus, spasticity, blindness, or severe to profound hearing loss); a further 24 (18.5%) cases and 14 (10.8%) control children had minor deficits (IQ 70 to 80, inability to read, mild to moderate hearing loss, abnormalities in speech discrimination, or school behavior problems). Overall, children who had meningitis were at greater risk (26.9%) for disability. Children with acute neurologic complications had more adverse outcomes than those with uncomplicated meningitis and control children (39% vs 18% vs 11%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: One in four school-age meningitis survivors has either serious and disabling sequelae or a functionally important behavior disorder, neuropsychologic or auditory dysfunction adversely affecting academic performance. As a group, survivors function less well than their classroom peers, and risk is greatest for, but not confined to, those who had acute neurologic complications. All survivors require careful follow-up, at least until school age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Health and weight control management among wrestlers. A proposed program for high school athletes.

Weight loss is a part of any competitive sport which matches participants of equal weight or sports where participating at lower weights or with a thinner body habitus is considered an advantage. For some wrestlers, weight loss is excessive and often accomplished by methods that lead to loss of lean body mass and total body water. There is convincing evidence that this excessive weight loss is unhealthy for all individuals who follow these practices. Even greater harm is experienced by high school wrestlers who have not yet completed their growth and development. These health consequences include growth retardation, decreased academic performance, altered endocrine or hormonal function and damage to many vital organs. "cycling" of weight results in decrease in strength, power and endurance which would effect adversely a wrestler's likelihood of success. The VHSL has begun an educational program to inform coaches, wrestlers and parents about the hazards inherent in these weight loss practices. History suggests that education alone will not alter the present practices of weight loss. Therefore a weight management program similar to ones initiated in other states is being pursued by the VHSL. The pilot program this year is scheduled to be followed next year by a more wide-spread voluntary program across the Commonwealth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

The fragile X female: a case report of the visual, visual perceptual, and ocular health findings.

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome is one of the most frequently encountered etiologies of X-linked mental retardation. Even though it is second only to Down syndrome in prevalence among children with chromosomal abnormalities, few studies have investigated the visual, visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies associated with this syndrome. No studies have been published that report on these areas for females with fragile X. This case report describes a 10-year-old white female with fragile X syndrome who exhibited numerous oculo-visual and perceptual abnormalities. METHODS: A 10-year, 7-month-old white female diagnosed as having fragile X syndrome was examined in the Illinois Eye Institute/Illinois College of Optometry Department of Pediatrics and Binocular Vision using diagnostic techniques appropriate for special populations. These techniques included a battery of tests that determine binocular vision function, ocular health status and visual perceptual abilities. RESULTS: Oculo-visual abnormalities noted include a non-active chorioretinal lesion, refractive amblyopia, anisometropia, accommodative insufficiency, and convergence excess, as well as mild to severe dysfunctions in visual motor integration, ocular motilities, laterality/directionality, visual figure ground, visual closure, visual form constancy, visual memory and visual sequential memory. CONCLUSION: Although thousands of articles, monographs, and textbooks have been written describing the numerous anomalies associated with the fragile X syndrome, little has been published in the area of oculo-visual and visual perceptual dysfunctions associated with this frequently encountered genetic abnormality. This paper is the first to demonstrate the presence of ocular health anomalies and learning-related vision problems that could adversely affect the individual's academic performance and rehabilitative program. Additional research is needed to ascertain the prevalence of these disorders within the fragile X community.

Child↗