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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology: XV. Medical investigation of fatalities from aircraft-accident burns.

Burn deaths of medicolegal importance are of two main types: those in which the circumstances suggest that the fire was used to commit or conceal a homicide or suicide, and those that involve the public interest or safety, such as an aircraft accident fire. The great majority of fire deaths are accidental, but it would be foolish for anyone, particularly an aircraft accident investigator, to assume anything about a death associated with an aircraft fire. This paper will discuss the medical investigation of fatalities from aircraft-accident burns.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1995

Concepts and applications of EEG analysis in aviation performance evaluation.

Quantitative studies of the human EEG during signal detection, flight simulation and actual flight performance tasks are reviewed here from the perspective of basic animal research on the neurophysiological and functional correlates of relevant rhythmic patterns. Evidence is examined which relates distinct EEG frequency changes to psychomotor behavior, signal processing and intrinsic attentional modulation during complex performance. Findings indicate that the EEG can provide a valid and objective index for mental effort but, in addition, may reveal task-related cognitive resource allocation, task mastery and task overload.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

"Higher, always higher": technology, the military and aviation medicine during the age of the two world wars.

The history of flight has been strongly influenced by the interplay between physiology and technology. The human body defined the relationship between man and machine--it had to be protected from the cold, bad weather, high altitude, speed and bullets. Technological innovations offered a way to improve on aeroplane safety, and enabled pilots to exceed the limits imposed by physiological constraints. In particular, reconnaissance and bombing missions during World War II, which demanded flight at high altitudes, stimulated intensive scientific research and technological development. This research led to the construction of artificial environments for pilots and ultimately gave rise to space medicine.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Aviation-related respiratory gas disturbances affect dark adaptation: a reappraisal.

This study examined the time course of early scotopic threshold sensitivity during dark adaptation under mild to moderate hypoxia, moderate hypocapnia and hyperoxia, measuring detection time displacement relative to normoxia. Cone rod inflection and early rod adaptation were highlighted using progressively dimmer green flash stimuli. Early scotopic sensitivity was significantly delayed by hypoxia and hastened by hypocapnia and hyperoxia. Effects of respiratory disturbance on dark adaptation include temporal shifts of early scotopic sensitivity while human rod photoreceptors appear functionally hypoxic when breathing air at one atmosphere. At night, supplementary oxygen may benefit aircrew visual sensitivity, even at ground level.

Adult↗