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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Fluoride release/uptake from newer glass-ionomer cements used with the ART approach.

PURPOSE: To determine the fluoride ion release/uptake of two conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) manufactured for use with the ART approach (Fuji IX GP, Ketac-Molar), as compared with that of a resin-modified GIC (Fuji II LC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 specimens of each material were prepared and placed in vials with artificial saliva and stored at 37 degrees C. The solution was replaced weekly for 6 wks, and the fluoride ions released were measured in ppm each week. After 6 wks, the 15 specimens of each material were divided into three equal groups and placed into three fluoride recharging agents (1.23% APF gel, 1.1% neutral NaF and 0.001% CaF2) for 4 min at 23 degrees C. Fluoride ion measurements of the recharged specimens were carried out at 1 day, 2 days, then weekly for another 6 wks. RESULTS: All freshly-mixed specimens showed the highest fluoride ion release after 1 week, then the release rates dropped quickly to become largely stabilized after 3 wks. After one 4-min exposure to APF gel the initial fluoride ion release increased significantly for all materials. The highest rates were during the first day, but then dropped very quickly to again become largely stabilized after usually 3 wks. Exposure to NaF and CaF2 did not usually result in significantly sustained fluoride ion release by any material. The order of release/uptake for all three agents was Fuji II LC > Fuji IX GP > Ketac-Molar. The mechanism of fluoride ion release after the application of different fluoride recharging agents is not clear. It may occur partly by washout of recharge agents that are retained in the pores and cracks of the restorative materials, for APF gel is viscous and difficult to wash off completely with deionized water; by erosion of surfaces by low pH agents, or by the subsequent release of fluoride ions from within the cement matrix.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Why American women are not receiving state-of-the-art gynecologic cancer care.

American women are not receiving state-of-the-art gynecologic cancer care. The three most common gynecologic cancers-endometrial, ovarian, and cervical-are quite uncommon in the United States when compared with othermalignancies. Nevertheless, their importance is clearly out of proportion to their incidence since the annual death rate from ovarian cancer alone is about one third that of breast cancer. And cervical cancer is a very common malignancy of women worldwide. The major problem accounting for suboptimal treatment of ovarian and endometrial cancers in the United States is incomplete surgical staging performed by nongynecologic oncologists. In the case of cervical cancer treatment, suboptimal care is attributable to specialty territoriality and the lack of randomized data. Factors influencing substandard gynecologic cancer for American women include the following: (1) the unregulated nature of the American health care system, (2) failure of professional education related to training in surgical principles and techniques and referral practices, (3) inadequate interactions between subspecialists and referring physicians, (4) disincentives for physicians to refer patients out of managed care networks or group practices, (5) disagreements between clinicians representing competing disciplines, and (6) conflicts of interest on the part of academic physicians or cooperative groups. Recommended initiatives include the following: (1) embracingthe quality of patient care as the overarching principle; (2) designing clinical trials that lead to advances in patient outcomes; (3) emphasizing public education (direct consumer information) as well as professional education; (4) partnering with local, state, and national patient advocacy groups to ensure optimal treatment for gynecologic cancers; (5) implementing practice guidelines; (6) developing referral guidelines; (7) improving communication skills of academic physicians in relating to referring physicians; (8) continuing to conduct and publish outcomes studies; and (9) establishing centers of excellence. It is time to make a commitment to substantially improving gynecologic cancer care for American women, and, I believe, the proposed initiatives will begin to accomplish this essential goal.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Uremic toxicity: present state of the art.

The uremic syndrome is a complex mixture of organ dysfunctions, which is attributed to the retention of a myriad of compounds that under normal condition are excreted by the healthy kidneys (uremic toxins). In the area of identification and characterization of uremic toxins and in the knowledge of their pathophysiologic importance, major steps forward have been made during recent years. The present article is a review of several of these steps, especially in the area of information about the compounds that could play a role in the development of cardiovascular complications. It is written by those members of the Uremic Toxins Group, which has been created by the European Society for Artificial Organs (ESAO). Each of the 16 authors has written a state of the art in his/her major area of interest.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status and prospects for development of medical equipment at the state-of-the-art "Axion Holding" "Izhevskiy Motor Plant"].

The joint stock company "Izhevsky Motor Plant "AXION-HOLDING" is a large manufacturer in different industrial branches, including medical equipment. The paper presents data on the status-of-the-art and prospects of development in producing medical equipment in several areas, including information on specific articles that are manufactured and promising.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed2002

State-of-the-art breast care: Multidisciplinary Breast Conference.

State-of-the-art breast care has become highly sophisticated over the past 20 years. Dialogue among participating breast imagers, pathologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, as well as genetic counselors, can only complement and enhance the care of the breast cancer patient. In an ongoing effort to offer an open forum to such breast care experts, the Multidisciplinary Breast Conference was launched in December 2000.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

The art of pain management.

Pain assessment is fundamental to the successful management of pain. Effective communication, in particular the use of empathy, underpins assessment. Concepts within the art of nursing can usefully be applied to the understanding of pain.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: state-of-the-art treatment.

Nonresponse to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder is common, associated with substantial impairment, and understudied. Little practical advice is available to clinicians on next-step treatment strategies for patients who have not responded well to 2 trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Available options include continuation of SSRI treatment, switching to another SSRI or selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, augmenting with atypical neuroleptics or cognitive-behavioral therapy, or utilizing novel treatment approaches. The authors synthesize state-of-the-art treatment and give practical advice for clinicians.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laparoscopic appendectomy. State of the art].

The authors present the results of a fact-finding survey on the state of the art of laparoscopic appendectomy in North-Eastern Italy. Over the period from 1991 to 2000 a total of 10,451 laparoscopic procedures were performed. Despite the extensive and increasing use of minimally invasive surgery, only 58% of the surgeons surveyed adopt laparoscopy in the management of suspected acute appendiceal disease. Thirty-six percent of surgeons indicate laparoscopy for all patients, while 60% reserve laparoscopic appendectomy for female patients. Forty-seven point one percent of procedures are performed in an emergency setting (within 6 hours of admission to hospital). The mean conversion rate is 4.9% and is mainly due to the aftermath of inflammation. Major intraoperative complications are of the order of 0.08%, while major postoperative morbidity is 0.6%. Wound infections are reported in 2% of patients. The mean hospital stay is 3 days. The majority of surgeons remove the appendix even in the absence of macroscopic inflammation and convert the procedure in the presence of suspected neoplastic disease found incidentally at surgery. The high diagnostic potential of the laparoscopic approach may well explain the infrequent use of preoperative imaging techniques.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed2002

Missing data: our view of the state of the art.

Statistical procedures for missing data have vastly improved, yet misconception and unsound practice still abound. The authors frame the missing-data problem, review methods, offer advice, and raise issues that remain unresolved. They clear up common misunderstandings regarding the missing at random (MAR) concept. They summarize the evidence against older procedures and, with few exceptions, discourage their use. They present, in both technical and practical language, 2 general approaches that come highly recommended: maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian multiple imputation (MI). Newer developments are discussed, including some for dealing with missing data that are not MAR. Although not yet in the mainstream, these procedures may eventually extend the ML and MI methods that currently represent the state of the art.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2001

The liberal arts and nursing programme at the University of Maine, 1939-1956. A study of leadership behaviours and organisational structure.

The trend for nursing programmes affiliated with universities in the US began in 1909 but did not gain momentum until the 1960s with the demise of hospital schools of nursing. During the period of time covered in this study, beginning in the 1930s, a hybrid of the present day university-based nursing programme began to appear. These 'cooperative' programmes often sandwiched traditional hospital experience between years of university course work and involved a five-year commitment on the part of students. In 1939 a liberal arts and nursing programme was established at the University of Maine. It continued to operate until 1956 and then ceased to exist. In this descriptive historical study the author investigates why this particular programme was initiated, of what it consisted, and why it had failed. Primary sources accessed included original correspondence, curriculum descriptions, faculty and students reports, and administrative policies. Leadership and organisational behaviour theory was utilised as well as identification of the historical nursing backdrop. Oral history was also utilised for the purpose of verification of written data. Analysis of the data suggests implications for nursing educators and administrators, as well as telling a story of the power of nursing when viewed in the context of constituency groups in a sociopolitical model of organisations. This paper was first presented at the History of Nursing Millennium Conference in Edinburgh in July 2000.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

State of the art and future perspectives of thermophilic anaerobic digestion.

The state of the art of thermophilic digestion is discussed. Thermophilic digestion is a well established technology in Europe for treatment of mixtures of waste in common large scale biogas plants or for treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Due to a large number of failures over time with thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge this process has lost its appeal in the USA. New demands on sanitation of biosolids before land use will, however, bring the attention back to the use of elevated temperatures during sludge stabilization. In the paper we show how the use of a start-up strategy based on the actual activity of key microbes can be used to ensure proper and fast transfer of mesophilic digesters into thermophilic operation. Extreme thermophilic temperatures of 65 degrees C or more may be necessary in the future to meet the demands for full sanitation of the waste material before final disposal. We show data of anaerobic digestion at extreme thermophilic temperatures.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2002

ART-123 Asahi Kasei.

Asahi Kasei is developing a recombinant thrombomodulin (ART-123), a human protein with both thrombin inhibiting and protein C stimulating activities, for the potential treatment of thromboembolism and blood clotting disorders, such as disseminated intravascular thromboembolism [169907]. By September 2000, it had entered phase III trials [383525]. A patent, US-05916874, claiming a method for treating liver injury and whose composition comprises a thrombomodulin, was published in 1999 by the company.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A note on the state of the art of preselection of the sex of children.

"In this paper the author presents the state of the art of preselection of the sex of children. To this purpose attempts to control the sex of offspring are classified into four categories: 1) selective conception; 2) treatment of ova or embryos, 3) presexing of embryos; and 4) selection of sperma. The nature and the availability of the different approaches are described as well as the various socio-medical aspects involved. In spite of the general impression that, at present, no reliable technique with clearly known probabilities of success and failure is available, this goal seems to be at close reach and sex selection of children will certainly become accessible in a not very remote future." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Resection of liver metastases: state of the art.

In this article, we present current surgical perspectives on the management of liver metastases, with a focus on state-of-the-art resection, by drawing on clinical data provided in the medical literature. Metastases from colorectal cancer are the most amenable to resection, when considering long-term benefits. To highlight the evidence-based rationalefor surgical resection, a succinct comparison of all treatment modalities for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer is provided. Special emphasis has been placed on the current status of perioperative patient evaluation, durability of results, prognosticators, technical advances, and alternative treatment strategies. In various areas, we have attempted to delineate any improvements on the horizon. The role of surgical resection in noncolorectal metastases is also discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

State of the art in standardized patient programs: a survey of osteopathic medical schools.

In 2001, the authors sent a survey to all 19 schools of osteopathic medicine requesting information about how standardized patients are used for clinical teaching and skills assessment. The purpose of this survey was to identify key people involved in standardized patient programs (SPPs), to gather information on the resources allocated by osteopathic medical schools, to determine the "state of the art" of standardized patient teaching and assessment in osteopathic medical schools, and to assess which SPPs would be available to assist in the development of the new component of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners licensing examination, the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Performance Evaluation. The survey results revealed that 12 osteopathic medical schools have SPPs that teach and assess clinical skills, including history taking; physical examination (complete and focused); genital, rectal, and breast examinations; physician-patient communication, osteopathic manipulative medicine or osteopathic manipulative treatment. Details of the 12 schools' SPPs are highlighted.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

Automated cataloging: the state of the art.

The art of cataloging is in a state of constant dynamic change. The capabilities of automation are causing changes in the tools we have at our disposal, the education and training we need to work with these tools, the caliber of staff we use at various stages of the cataloging process, and the physical form of the end product of the efforts of the catalog department. But perhaps of more importance is the cooperation and sharing between libraries on both the national and international level that become possible as the result of automated systems.

Automation↗
PubMed2002

Intuition and visual art: student nurses' projection into experiences of elderly women.

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree to which student nurses in Sweden were able to predict responses of elderly women to 12 paintings. The result showed that the students were able to enter into situations and experiences of the elderly women. They used intuitive knowing-they were emotionally involved and used cognitive knowing during the prediction process. It could be concluded that nurse educators concerned with finding new directions to develop intuition skills might consider visual art of considerable value.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Interview - technique of art (author's transl)].

Interview is defined as "action-like discussion by medium of dialogue with a diagnostic object in view" (SCHRAML), at the same time the importance of the dialogue-purpose and of the motivation of the subject is pointed out. Several methods may be used for conducting the dialogue, their selection being mainly dependent on the vocational training of the investigator. The personality of the investigator plays an important role when interviewing. The interviewer has to take into account the ever present subjectivity to prevent diagnostic mistakes. On the other hand this subjectivity enables the interviewer to get a special diagnostic access when his own ability of empathy and intuition is consciously used. The knowledge of difficult interviewing-techniques is not sufficient, only an integrative coherence awards the single results from the dialogue and simultaneously observation of the subject the adequate position, this makes an interview to an art, whose command is only given to a few.

Empathy↗