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PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic characteristics and origin of naked nuclei in breast aspirate smears.

To elucidate the origin of "naked nuclei" in breast aspiration smears, 17 cases of fibroadenoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. The ATPase reaction was also studied at both levels. The aspirates contained two types of naked nuclei: denuded degenerated nuclei and oval to spindle-shaped nuclei with very scanty cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the latter was rich in free ribosomes and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum but was devoid of cytoplasmic filaments and dense bodies. These cells were negative for ATPase activity. Stromal cells, not myoepithelial cells, characteristically demonstrated such cellular features in the aspirates and tissue sections studied. We conclude that most naked nuclei are derived from stromal cells.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Electron microscopy and immunostaining of the normal breast and its benign lesions. A search for neuroendocrine cells.

Specimens from 7 patients with normal breast tissue 26 patients with benign breast lesions (6 fibroadenomas, and 4 intraductal papillomas, 2 mammae lactantes, 10 cases of cystic disease and 4 fibrotic lesions) were studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Excretory epithelial cells in 2 of the 4 papillomas were immunostained for NSE. Myoepithelial cells were frequently stained as well. All the breast specimens were nonreactive to the antichromogranin antibody we used. The 2 NSE positive intraductal papillomas were tested for presence of hormone immunoreactivity, but no positively stained cells were observed. No cells with neuroendocrine features were observed by electron microscopy. The present study did not reveal neuroendocrine cells in the normal breast specimens and undisputed proof of neuroendocrine differentiation in benign breast lesions was not established. We conclude that if neuroendocrine cells are present in the normal breast, they are very rare, and probably not the cellular origin of all breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Collagenase secretion by human breast neoplasms: a clinicopathologic investigation.

Evidence is presented that biopsy specimens from fibroadenomas, benign cystic lesions, and carcinomas of the human breast can produce in organ culture a neutral protease capable of digesting type I collagen. This enzyme activity, measured with the use of a radioactive release assay, was characterized as true vertebrate collagenase and occurred in both active and latent (requiring trypsin activation) forms. For the two types of benign breast lesion studied, collagenase secretion was significantly higher from fibroadenomas than from benign cystic tissue. Breast carcinomas, however, exhibited a wide quantitative spectrum of collagenase secretion, encompassing the extremes observed for the benign lesions and showing no correlation with histologic type. These results, while providing a plausible mechanism for the marked collagen degradation seen in disseminating neoplasms, demonstrate that high collagenase secretory activity is not pathognomonic of invasive behavior. The findings, however, indicate disordered regulation of collagenase activity in malignant tumors.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

The management of patients with carcinomas in fibroadenomatous tumors of the breast.

This study focuses upon 38 patients found to have unsuspected carcinomas or lobular neoplasia in fibroadenomatous tumors. Combining the pathologic and clinical features of these patients with those of 56 comparable instances reported upon in the literature, it becomes apparent that the biologic and clinical behavior of lobular neoplasia, intraductal carcinomas and invasive carcinomas is essentially the same regardless of whether the lesions arise in or outside a fibroadenoma. In addition, they are often a part of a multifocal malignant condition in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast. These patients, therefore, should be treated as if the carcinomas or lobular neoplasia arose in the usual setting.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Whole-breast sonography.

Ultrasound has been found to be useful as an adjunct to mammography and physical examination of the breast. It has detected lesions not identified by any other modality and has allowed more precise diagnosis of palpable and/or radiographically demonstrated lesions. Ultrasound should not be used as the sole breast imaging modality, however, because of its inability to detect microcalcifications and its difficulty in demonstrating small solid lesions, particularly in the fatty breast.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Hormone dependency of human breast neoplasms cultured in vitro in the stem cell assay.

The stem cell soft agar culture system provides a biological tool with which to study tumor clones derived from heterogeneous tumor cell populations. For testing the feasibility of this approach in identifying hormone-responsive clones of mammary tumors, a study was done to determine whether estrogen deprivation or supplementation would alter colony formation in sequential breast neoplasms received in the Cell Kinetics Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University. Single-cell suspensions obtained from 22 freshly excised breast neoplasms (20 malignant, 2 benign) were plated in soft agar with and without tamoxifen (Tam) (10(-7) M) with the use of serum-supplemented media and with and without 17 beta-estradiol (E2) (10(-8) M] under serum-free medium conditions. Twenty tumors successfully grew, producing 42 +/- 8 (mean +/- SEM) colonies in control dishes in the presence of serum and 27 +/- 5 in its absence (P less than .001). Tam inhibited colony formation in 78% of malignant tumors, whereas a stimulatory effect was observed with E2 in 94%. An increase in colony formation was induced by Tam in 4 tumors (2 benign and 2 malignant). The effects of E2 and Tam on tumor growth were not influenced by the estrogen and progesterone receptor status of the tumor. These preliminary results suggest that all tumors, irrespective of their receptor status, may contain clones of hormone-responsive cells.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of normal human mammary tissue and human breast cancer.

An ultrastructural morphometric study of normal and tumourous adult human mammary tissue is presented. The data show a characteristic numerical pattern for the different neoplastic stages of breast tissues. By applying a special data-comparison program a standardized diagnostic and prognostic system appears possible through the morphometric analysis of ultrathin epon sections of surgically obtained material.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of immuno-electron microscopy to the cytologic study of benign and malignant mammary lesions. With special reference to the carcinoembryonic antigen localization patterns.

We investigated the application of immuno-electron microscopic (EM) observation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one of the surface markers of neoplastic epithelium, to the cytologic diagnosis of mammary cells in smears and imprints. Smears were stained by the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method after a modified Karnovsky fixation (4% paraformaldehyde containing 0.05% glutaraldehyde). In smears, CEA was immunocytochemically demonstrated on the entire cell membrane of malignant mammary cells whereas CEA was observed only on microvillous surfaces of benign mammary cells. Another characteristic immunocytochemical feature of malignant cells was the appearance of so-called intracellular lumina, of which the microvillous surfaces were CEA positive. These findings demonstrated that electron microscopic observation of the immunocytochemical localization of CEA is a quite useful tool for the cytologic diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic mammary lesions.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

[Percutaneous injection of a contrast medium in isolated lesions of the breast].

The percutaneous injection of contrast medium was performed into 44 breast fibroadenomas, 13 tumors of fibrocystic disease and 5 cancers. The radiological aspect does not to assure some discrimination between peri- or intracanalicular fibroadenomas, nor between giant fibroadenomas and cystosarcoma phyllodes. The opacification of the intratumoral galactophoric channels is achieved in 34,1% of fibroadenomas. It can be observed in fibrocystic disease but nor in cancer. A pattern of fibrous tissue and/or opacification of large peripheric extratumoral channels will appear in 34,1% of fibroadenomas. They are be observed in fibrocystic diseases and cancers. It is the same thing for spot figure. For diagnosis, the technic is not recommended to be generalized since the accuracy seems to be less serious than the cytological analysis of the puncture.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Beware of breast fibroadenomas in middle-aged women.

On first examination of 8512 Quebec area women from 40 to 59 years of age who participated in the National Study of Breast Cancer Screening, the prevalence of fibroadenoma was 8.3 per 1000. In two women, a carcinoma was discovered within their fibroadenoma--intraductal carcinoma in one and an infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the other. Clinical and histopathologic findings are described and the prognosis and treatment discussed. The peak age of women at the time of diagnosis of a fibroadenoma is in their twenties while for those with a fibroadenoma containing a carcinoma, it is in the forties. For patients under 25 years, excision can be postponed for a few months since spontaneous regression may occur and the risk of breast cancer is small at that age. For older women, treatment should not be delayed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

[Study on stromal component of mastopathy--content and type of collagen].

Mastopathy is one of most common diseases involving adult female. Hormonal disturbance is implicated to play one role promoting the disease; however, the role of stromal component, i. e., collagen has not been examined to discuss its pathogenesis. The present study is to investigate the difference of content and type of collagen between mastopathy and normal mammary tissue. In addition, other mammary tumors were also studied. Materials were consisted of 8 cases of normal control, 23 mastopathy, 11 fibroadenoma, and 26 carcinoma. The content of collagen was analysed using a Woessner's method. The typing of collagen was determined by amino acid analysis, densitometry, and electron microscopy. The results were as follows; 1. Normal. The content was 59.8 +/- 4.0% (mean +/- SE). The collagen type was classified as type I. 2. Mastopathy. 58.9 +/- 4.0 The collagen was composed of both type I and type III. 3. Fibroadenoma. 56.3 +/- 3.5, type I 4. Carcinoma. Except for the scirrhous carcinoma, its content was 50.7 +/- 2.2. Type I 5. The amino acid composition of the mastopathy except for the fibrosing type demonstrated high levels of hydroxyproline and glutamic acid and low levels of hydroxylysine, histidine, and arginine. That of the carcinoma showed only increased level of histidine. 6. The rate of lysyl hydroxylation of collagen in the normal control was 39.2% and the carcinoma 26.1%. With regard to the content of collagen, there was no significant difference between the cases of mastopathy and normal control. However, in the mastopathy, an aberrant type of collagen, i.e., type III was detected. The amino acid composition and rate of lysyl hydroxylation of the mastopathy differed from those of the carcinoma. This indicates that there is a maturation disturbance of collagen in the development of mastopathy. In conclusion, it is considered that analysing these two factors may be one diagnostic aid to predict the malignant transformation of mastopathy.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗