Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Visual Fields”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy causes sensitivity loss to light offsets in the visual field.

The functional integrity of the 'on' and 'off' neurovisual pathways has been examined in the central visual fields of normal (n = 13), glaucomatous (n = 21) and ocular hypertensive (n = 21) individuals. The detection thresholds to light increments (onsets = bright spots) and light decrements (offsets = dark spots) on a uniform background were determined in each eye and the visual field scores were calculated for each of the subjects. Light offsets detected the presence of glaucomatous visual loss and also revealed significant early visual deficits which were missed by the conventional light onset stimuli. This study indicates that 'off-pathway' evaluation with light offsets can be used for the assessment of the functional integrity of the visual system and may reveal sub-clinical early glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Visual field perimetry analysis using evoked potentials in normal and corpus callosum sectioned cats.

The use of the visual evoked potential (VEP) was investigated in terms of its ability to accurately reflect the behaviorally determined extent of the visual field in non-verbal subjects. Two major adult groups of cats were studied: normals, and those with neonatal section of the corpus callosum at 15-19 postnatal days of age. A light-emitting diode was used as the visual stimulus. For both groups, the VEP determined monocular visual field extent closely matched the behaviorally determined field extent (Elberger 1979). This indicates that the VEP method is accurate, and that it is sensitive enough to detect differences between different populations of subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Color Doppler imaging in patients with asymmetric glaucoma and unilateral visual field loss.

PURPOSE: To determine whether lower blood velocities and high resistive index in the retrobulbar arteries are primary or secondary to glaucomatous damage in patients with open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Color Doppler imaging was performed in 32 glaucomatous patients with unilateral visual field loss and in 31 control subjects. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were measured, and resistive index was calculated in the central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries. RESULTS: In patients with glaucoma, both the more affected and the contralateral eyes with normal visual fields had significantly lower peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity in their central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries than did the control subjects of similar age (P < or = .03). The resistive index of the central retinal artery of both eyes of patients with glaucoma was also significantly higher than in the control subjects (P = .001). When considering the 16 patients who had the greatest visual field asymmetry, the more affected eyes had lower peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity in the central retinal artery than the contralateral eyes did (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Even eyes with normal visual fields in patients with asymmetric disease had decreased blood velocities in their retrobulbar vessels, suggesting that these circulatory changes probably precede detectable damage. Furthermore, the finding of lower central retinal artery blood velocities in the more affected eye of asymmetric patients suggests that low blood velocities may be one of the lateralizing factors in those patients and that they have a possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Expansion of contracted visual fields following treatment with pentoxifylline in two patients with coexistent peripheral vascular disease--case reports.

Pentoxifylline, a hemorheologic drug reputed to reduce blood viscosity, can be used to improve the microcirculation in peripheral vascular disease. The authors report on 2 patients who were being followed up for possible glaucoma and whose visual field constriction became worse at about the same time as their peripheral vascular symptoms began to increase in severity. Following initiation of treatment with oral pentoxifylline, their peripheral vascular complaints decreased and their visual fields gradually expanded over the next several months. This dual effect seemed more than a coincidence. It may in fact indicate that the same mechanism said to aggravate the peripheral ischemia (ie, increased blood viscosity) in patients with peripheral vascular disease may also have been the basis for the visual field contraction in these 2 patients, possibly by producing retinal ischemia. The reversal of the contracted visual fields would then seem to be due to the ameliorative effect of the pentoxifylline treatment on the blood viscosity.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Effects of verteporfin therapy on central visual field function.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin on the maintenance of central visual field function. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six consecutive patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by age-related macular degeneration including a classic component were randomly assigned. Thirty-three participants received standard verteporfin therapy, and 13 received placebo and laser treatment. METHODS: The trial was performed as a single-center, double-masked study. Patients were examined before therapy and continuously in 3-month intervals during 2 years of follow-up. A scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was used to perform macular microperimetry. Absolute and relative scotomas were documented at each visit, and size was measured in square millimeters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The change in size of central scotoma in the verteporfin group compared with the placebo group. RESULTS: An absolute scotoma was seen in 88%, and a relative scotoma was seen in 100% of eyes before therapy. Absolute defects were associated with the classic CNV component localized angiographically. In the verteporfin group, the absolute scotoma grew from 2.5 mm(2) at baseline to a final size of 7.3 mm(2) at month 24. In the placebo group, the mean lesion size of the absolute scotoma enlarged from an initial size of 2.7 mm(2) to 31.5 mm(2) after 24 months. The relative scotoma increased from 7.9 mm(2) at baseline to 20.8 mm(2) at month 24 in the verteporfin group, whereas a progression from 8.5 mm(2) initially to 48.3 mm(2) at the final presentation was measured in the placebo group. Statistical analysis showed that both the mean absolute and relative scotoma sizes were significantly smaller in the verteporfin group than the placebo group for all intervals from 6 to 24 months (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of macular function with SLO perimetry demonstrated a significant benefit of verteporfin therapy for the preservation of the central visual field. Absolute and relative scotoma sizes remained smaller after therapy. This may influence reading ability and visual rehabilitation.

Choroidal Neovascularization↗
PubMed2004

An analysis of the factors associated with visual field deficits measured with flickering stimuli in-between migraine.

We have previously demonstrated that perimetric performance measured with flickering stimuli is not normal in some individuals who experience migraine with aura in the period between their attacks. In this study, flicker perimetric performance is measured in a broad group of migraineurs to determine whether the existence of such visual field deficits is dependent on the presence of visual aura, is correlated with the duration of migraine history, or frequency of attacks. Twenty-eight migraine with aura, 25 migraine without aura, and 24 non-headache control subjects participated. The performance of the migraine groups was not significantly different from each other. The migraine groups showed significantly lower general sensitivity across the visual field and higher incidence of localized visual field deficits relative to controls. Both length of migraine history and frequency of migraine occurrence over the past 12 months were significantly correlated with lower general sensitivity to flickering visual stimuli.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central and paracentral visual field defects and driving abilities.

The effect of central and paracentral visual field defects on driving abilities has until now received little attention. To date studies and surveys have concentrated on visual acuity and peripheral field loss. Here we summarise for the first time those diseases causing central visual field defects likely to be associated with binocular visual acuity adequate for driving.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed2007

Monitoring glaucomatous visual field progression: the effect of a novel spatial filter.

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of a novel visual field spatial filtering technique on the detection of glaucomatous progression. METHODS: One hundred ninety-eight ocular hypertensive (OHT) and 21 control subjects were examined prospectively (1994-2001) with regular full-threshold Humphrey visual field (VF) testing. VF progression was assessed by point-wise linear regression (PLR) of sensitivity/time in Progressor for Windows software modified to include a novel spatial filter. Standard progression criteria (slope > -1 dB/year, P < 0.01) were applied to both "raw" (unfiltered) and "filtered" VF series. Three-omitting confirmatory VF criteria were also applied to unfiltered VF series. Specificity was estimated as the proportion of progressing control subjects and as the proportion of significantly improving subjects (both OHT and control) at the end of the study period. RESULTS: Applying standard PLR, specificity was estimated at 91.8% to 97.5% using unfiltered standard PLR, compared with 93.5% to 98.4% using filtered standard PLR and 95.4% to 99.3% using unfiltered three-omitting PLR. The rate of identified VF progression in the OHT cohort was 32.3% with unfiltered standard PLR, 28.7% with filtered standard PLR, and 18.6% with unfiltered three-omitting PLR. There was no significant difference in time to detected progression between filtered and unfiltered standard PLR. CONCLUSIONS: The use of confirmatory tests resulted in improved specificity using unfiltered data; however, application of the spatial filter resulted in similar specificity but with a higher rate of detected progression. This filter may therefore be useful in the monitoring of glaucomatous progression as it may reduce the dependence on confirmatory testing, although it has yet to be applied to longitudinal SITA data.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Central function and visual field damage in glaucoma.

82 eyes of 82 patients with different types of glaucoma were examined with various psychophysical tests assessing central and paracentral function, including foveal temporal contrast sensitivity function, FM 100-Hue test, and foveal and parafoveal blue-on-yellow-sensitivity. For all eyes visual field tests were performed with the Humphrey-Field-Analyzer, program 30-2. Global visual field indices were calculated as follows: Mean Sensitivity MS, Mean Deviation MD, and Corrected Pattern Standard Deviation CPSD. Linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis correcting for a possible influence of age between the central and paracentral criteria and the global indices was performed. For the entire study population highly significant correlations are present between foveal and parafoveal blue-on-yellow-sensitivity and MS, MD and CPSD. Whereas in the Normal Tension Glaucoma subgroup (19/82 eyes) no significant correlations are found, the subgroup of 35/82 eyes with markedly elevated intraocular pressure (> or = 30 mmHg) shows highly statistically significant correlations between the low- and high-frequency end of the foveal temporal contrast sensitivity function and foveal and parafoveal blue-on-yellow-sensitivity and the global field indices. The results of the present study support the idea that there are two different mechanisms of glaucomatous damage, one which is pressure-dependent and one which may be pressure-independent. The pressure-dependent mechanism is responsible for deficits of central or paracentral function which are correlated to overall visual field damage.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Argon laser trabeculoplasty in chronic simple glaucoma with visual field defects and papillary damage].

It has been recently demonstrated that the intraocular pressure (IOP) after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in primary open-angle glaucoma rises in the long term. The present study analysed the effect of the postoperative rise in IOP in 36 patients (group A) with glaucomatous optic nerve damage or visual field defects. The results were compared with those in 37 patients without such glaucomatous damage (group B). The IOP, the cup-disk ratios and the visual fields (Goldmann) were retrospectively studied. All patients were under topical glaucoma medication. At the end of the follow-up (group A 20.2 +/- 3.39 months, group B 17.4 +/- 3.59 months), the IOP was uncontrolled in both study groups, and visual fields and disc cupping had worsened in both groups. The results indicate that ALT should not be considered in patients with optic disc damage or glaucomatous visual field defects.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Glaucomatous visual field defects: their characteristics and how to detect them.

Functional defects of glaucomatous optic neuropathy are reviewed and summarized. Glaucomatous visual field defects are basically comprised of four major patterns: an isolated scotoma, an arcuate scotoma, a nasal step, and generalized depression. The field loss progresses conforming to the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber changes. Interpretation of the visual field and some tips of the interpretation are outlined in addition to describing differential diagnosis. Lastly, blue-on-yellow perimetry and high-pass resolution perimetry, both of which are promising tools for early detection of glaucoma, are introduced.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed2003

Misleading statistical calculations in far-advanced glaucomatous visual field loss.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the capability of statistical analysis indices to characterize static automated visual fields (VFs) accurately in cases of far-advanced glaucoma was assessed. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen eyes of 15 patients with end-stage glaucoma and evidence of collapse of VF statistical analysis indices were included in the study. METHODS: End-stage glaucoma was defined as vertical cup-to-disc ratio of 0.9 or more, mean deviation less than -24 dB and with only a central or temporal island remaining in the VF gray scale. Collapse of statistical indices was defined as any of the following: pattern deviation probability plot without a single VF location showing P < 0.5%; corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) probability less than 5% or within normal limits (WNL); short-term fluctuation (SF) probability WNL; glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) not outside normal limits (ONL); or presence of a low patient reliability comment triggered by 40% or more false-negative (FN) responses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual field statistical indices. RESULTS: Of the 16 VFs showing misleading statistical calculations, 9 of 16 eyes had a normal pattern deviation probability plot. The PSD, SF, and CPSD parameters were normal or barely outside the normal range in 4 of 16, 10 of 16, and 5 of 16 eyes, respectively. The GHT was ONL in 7 of 13 eyes, borderline with generalized reduction of sensitivity (GRS) in three eyes, and only GRS in two additional eyes. Low patient reliability was triggered because of an FN score of 40% or more in 10 of 16 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical indices are crucial for the interpretation of automated static VFs. However, in end-stage glaucomatous VF loss, both summary statistical indices and reliability indices may not detect abnormality, thus misleading the casual observer.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1991

Chronic open-angle glaucoma and advanced visual field defects in a defined population.

In a case-finding study in a municipality in central Sweden, 128 cases of chronic open-angle glaucoma with visual field defects (VFD) were found. The prevalence amounted to 1.4% in those greater than or equal to 45 years of age. Sixty-three percent had capsular glaucoma. Advanced visual field defects (AVFD), i.e. a restriction of the visual field to a diameter of less than or equal to 20 degrees, were seen in 49 patients. Four patients had AVFD in both eyes. Patients with AVFD were older, had had the disease longer, had higher mean initial intraocular pressure (IOP), and had more extensive VFD at the time of diagnosis. When age and duration were taken into consideration, the risk of developing AVFD was 14 times greater in those with VFD stage III at the time of diagnosis, i.e. a Bjerrum scotoma with nasal breakthrough or more widespread VFD. An IOP of greater than or equal to 35 mmHg signified that the risk of having VFD stage III at the time of diagnosis, when age and type of glaucoma were taken into consideration, was 8.6 times greater than if the IOP was less than 35 mmHg.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Visual field limitation in the patient with dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

This paper investigates the existence of a visual field limitation and its effect on the advanced Alzheimer's patient. The data presented was obtained by testing 12 Alzheimer's and 12 control patients. The control patients were demented from causes secondary to reasons other than Alzheimer's disease. The results indicated that patients demented due to Alzheimer's have visual field losses significantly greater than other demented patients. This significant visual loss is of importance in assisting in differential diagnosis, performing patient cares, and planning patient environments.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of diagnostic protocols for interpretation of frequency doubling perimetry visual fields in glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) shows good correlation with achromatic automated perimetry in the assessment of glaucoma. However, many recommended protocols lead to a significant number of false positives and negatives. Therefore, it may be difficult to identify visual field loss owing to glaucoma. We investigated the accuracy of a diagnostic protocol that only considered either temporal wedge, arcuate, or nasal step field loss on an FDP field as significant. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects who were glaucoma suspects, glaucoma patients or normal controls were recruited selectively. After achromatic automated perimetry and FDP visual field testing, results were compared between a conventional protocol and ones that took into account the position of FDP visual field loss. RESULTS: If an FDP field was considered abnormal only when either a temporal wedge, an arcuate or a nasal step defect was present, the presence of a nasal step yielded the most accurate results with the least false positives (kappa coefficient=0.76) and with only minimal increase in false negatives, compared with a conventional FDP protocol (kappa coefficient=0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Although, not statistically significant in this case, our results suggested a trend that a diagnostic protocol which considers nasal step FDP field loss significant may have a greater degree of accuracy when compared with conventional protocols and may facilitate interpretation in a clinical setting.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Detection of optic neuropathy in glaucomatous eyes with normal standard visual fields using a test battery of short-wavelength automated perimetry and pattern electroretinography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical use of a test battery of short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, and pattern-electroretinography (PERG) in patients with definite primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) but normal results on standard automated perimetry (SAP). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six patients with POAG with standard visual field defects in one eye and normal standard visual fields in the contralateral eye and 36 normal controls were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SWAP, PERG, FDT, and SAP were performed in all eyes, and global indices and amplitudes were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: When contralateral POAG eyes with asymmetric glaucomatous damage was compared, a paired t test showed significant differences in SAP mean deviation (MD) (P < 0.0001), SWAP-MD (P = 0.0003), FDT-MD (P = 0.0008), and PERG amplitudes (P < 0.0001). When comparing between POAG eyes with normal results on SAP and normal controls, Student's t test showed significant differences for SWAP-MD (P < 0.0001), FDT-MD (P = 0.0006), PERG N1P1-amplitude (P = 0.0486) and P1N2-amplitude (P < 0.0001); receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed promising accuracy for SWAP-MD of 73.6% (P < 0.0001). SWAP-MD (P < 0.0001) and FDT-MD (P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with SAP-MD and with each other (range, P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0020). Regression analysis revealed that PERG P1N2-amplitude could improve the power of SWAP-MD from 73.6% to detect early POAG in eyes with normal results on SAP to an accuracy of 81.9%. CONCLUSIONS: A test battery of SWAP-MD and PERG P1N2-amplitude could detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy in POAG eyes with normal standard visual fields, whereas FDT-MD and SWAP-MD significantly correlated with each other and with SAP-MD. All tests were able to detect the eye with the more severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with asymmetric POAG.

Electroretinography↗
PubMed1993

Pointwise topographical and longitudinal modeling of the visual field in glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To develop a suitable mathematical model for the description of the pointwise distribution of sensitivity across the visual field in glaucoma. METHODS: The pointwise distribution of sensitivity at any given stimulus location for any given examination was described by a joint topographical and longitudinal model. The topographical element modeled the pointwise distribution of sensitivity using a second-order polynomial function in terms of the respective stimulus coordinates whereas the longitudinal element modeled the pointwise distribution of sensitivity using multiple linear regression in terms of the sensitivity at the given location determined at one or more previous examinations. The sample comprised Humphrey Field Analyser (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA) Program 30-2 and 24-2 fields from 49 patients attending a glaucoma clinic for an average of 3 years. RESULTS: The constant term of the polynomial correlated highly with the mean deviation and moderately with the pattern standard deviation. The goodness-of-fit between the modeled and the measured field increased as an exponential function of the number of previous examinations. The median R2 was 19.6% for the first examination and 83.6% for the sixth examination. The group median optimum percentage of error between the measured and modeled sensitivity at each test location was below 10% (i.e., less than 3 dB), increased with increase in eccentricity, was greater at the extremities of the superior field and varied as a function of the severity of the field loss. CONCLUSION: The model seems to be a promising way to evaluate visual field progression.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed2005

Visual field map clusters in human cortex.

We describe the location and general properties of nine human visual field maps. The cortical location of each map, as well as many examples of the eccentricity and angular representations within these maps, are shown in a series of images that summarize a large set of functional MRI data. The organization and properties of these maps are compared and contrasted with descriptions by other investigators. We hypothesize that the human visual field maps are arranged in several clusters, each comprising a group of maps that share a common foveal representation and semicircular eccentricity map. The spatial organization of these clusters suggests that the perceptual processing within each cluster serves related functions.

Brain Mapping↗