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PubMed2003

Apolipoprotein H variant modifies plasma triglyceride phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia: a molecular study in an eight-generation hyperlipidemic family.

In the course of investigating familial coronary artery disease in Utah, we studied 196 members of an eight-generation extended family of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in which 73 members were affected with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (HLPIIa; high plasma cholesterol) and 11 members with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLPIIb; high plasma cholesterol as well as plasma triglyceride). A splice-site mutation of the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene (IVS14 + G > A) co-segregated with elevated plasma cholesterol among all the members, but not with the elevated plasma triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels seen in HLPIIb patients. The apolipoprotein H (apoH) gene plays a role in plasma triglyceride removal and lipoprotein lipase enhancement. Intra-familial correlation analysis of the modifier effect of Val247Leu substitution in the apoH gene was carried out among 84 LDLR-mutation carriers and 112 non-carriers. When plasma triglyceride levels in the LDLR-mutation carriers were compared, the values were lowest among V/V homozygotes (mean +/- SD = 145 +/- 53 mg/dl), highest in L/L homozygotes (277 +/- 177 mg/dl), and intermediate among V/L heterozygotes (191 +/- 102 mg/dl) (p = 0.0015). All eleven patients who presented with HLPIIb had inherited both the defective LDLR allele and an apoH 247Leu allele, whereas all 45 carriers of the defective LDLR allele not carrying the apoH Leu allele presented with HLPIIa but not HLPIIb (p = 0.0001). These results indicate a significant modification of the phenotype of FH with a defective LDLR allele, by apoH Leu variation in our studied family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Serum triglycerides and blood coagulation factors VII and X, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

It has been suggested that impaired fibrinolytic-coagulation system, such as increased concentration of inhibitors to fibrinolysis or activators to coagulations, occasionally may play a role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of serum lipids to fibrinolytic-coagulation system. The subjects studied were 190 outpatients at Kyorin University Hospital, 108 of whom were mostly hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia (Control), 59 of whom were coronary heart disease (CHD), 25 of whom were cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Blood samples were measured the levels of blood coagulation factors VII (F-VII) and X (F-X), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in these subjects, together with the concentrations of serum lipids. The serum levels of F-X was significantly higher in CHD subjects than in controls (111 +/- 19% vs 101 +/- 22%, p < 0.05). However, there was a no significant difference of F-VII among three groups. And we found that the levels of serum lipids, especially serum triglycerides showed a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of F-VII (r = 0.343, p < 0.01) and F-X (r = 0.513, p < 0.01), and PAI-1 (r = 0.528, p < 0.001) in CHD and CVD subjects. For this reason, 156 bank employee subjects were also admitted to this study (Bank employees). In bank employee subjects, the serum levels of triglycerides also showed a significant positive correlation with the levels of F-VII (r = 0.321, p < 0.001), F-X (r = 0.254, p < 0.001) and PAI-1 (r = 0.420, p < 0.001). These data suggest that serum lipids, particularly triglycerides have a close relationship with thrombogenesis as evidenced by activated F-VII and F-X in the extrinsic coagulation system and also by elevated PAI-1 activities in fibrinolysis. Therefore, when we try to prevent the patients from CHD or treat them, we ought pay attentions not only to serum cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol for their atherogenic actions, but also to triglycerides because of their close correlation with extrinsic coagulation system and anti-fibrinolytic activities. The reduction of fibrinolytic capacity due to increased plasma levels of F-VII, X and PAI-1 may have importance in atherosclerotic vascular disease, particularly in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed2001

Low triglyceride levels affect calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values.

The Friedewald formula for the calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values is fairly accurate provided the triglyceride value is less than 400 mg/dL. It is not clear whether the estimation is also valid in the presence of low triglyceride and high cholesterol levels. We describe herein a patient with a low triglyceride value of approximately 50 mg/dL, a high cholesterol level, and a discrepant LDL-C level. The LDL-C level using the Friedewald calculation turned out to be much higher than the LDL-C level using direct measurement. We, therefore, suggest that in the presence of low triglyceride and high cholesterol levels, the LDL-C level should be measured directly instead of using the Friedewald calculation.

Cholesterol, LDL↗
PubMed2004

Serum cholesterols have a more important role than triglycerides in determining intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in subjects younger than 55 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: The role of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in carotid artery atherosclerosis is controversial. We measured carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of atherosclerosis in subjects younger than 55 years of age with a 6-fold range of serum cholesterol levels (3.93-25.03 mmol/L) and a 200-fold range of triglyceride levels (0.36-75.97 mmol/L). METHODS: Eighty-six patients with increased serum lipid values and 30 subjects with normal lipid values were included. Serum lipids were measured after an overnight fast. High-resolution sonographic investigations of the carotid arteries of all patients were videotaped. Intima-media thickness was measured offline at 1-mm increments in the distal 10-mm segments of both common carotid arteries by a reader blinded to patient characteristics. First, IMT was compared among groups defined by their cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the use of traditional cutoff values. Next, all subjects were pooled, and general regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of IMT with age, body mass index, lipid values, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status as independent variables. RESULTS: Intima-media thickness was larger in patient groups with high cholesterol levels (ie, the hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic groups) than in the control, borderline, and isolated hypertriglyceridemic groups (P < .01). In the general multiple regression model, IMT correlated positively with total cholesterol level (beta = 0.343; P = .002) and age (beta = 0.3; P = .006) but not with triglyceride level. CONCLUSIONS: Both the group comparisons and the general regression analysis of the pooled data suggest that hypercholesterolemia has an important role in early onset IMT changes in the common carotid artery, whereas hypertriglyceridemia does not have an appreciable role.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of baseline values. I: Effects on plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during doxazosin treatment for hypertension.

Forty-six African patients with essential hypertension aged 40 to 65 years had plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels determined at four different periods during a 12-month treatment with doxazosin. The patients were classified according to their pretreatment (baseline) values into 'low', 'medium' and 'high' baseline value groups. The mean total cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the three baseline groups while mean triglyceride levels reduced only in the patients that belonged to the medium and high baseline value groups. The baseline values of total cholesterol did not influence the beneficial cholesterol changes in all the patients, while the lack of significant favorable triglyceride changes was influenced by the low baseline values of triglyceride of the patients during doxazosin treatment. A similar study involving lipoprotein fractions and sub-fractions is also in progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mice lacking acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance.

Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a 76 amino acid fragment of the third component of complement (C3) which is generated by the interaction of adipsin and factor B with C3. In vitro studies have shown that ASP can markedly increase triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes. To test the ASP pathway in vivo, C3-deficient mice, and therefore ASP-deficient mice, were generated and oral fat loads were conducted in wild-type (C3+/+) and mutant (C3-/-) animals. The principal results were: 1) postprandial triglyceride clearance was significantly delayed in mutant compared to wild-type mice; 2) this difference was more pronounced in males compared to females; 3) in both males and females, the differences were more pronounced in the second half of the postprandial period; 4) fasting and postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) were higher in C3(-/-) than in C3(+/+) males; and 5) intraperitoneal administration of ASP accelerated triglyceride clearance in C3(-/-) males. The data are consistent therefore, with the hypothesis that the ASP pathway is an important physiologic determinant of normal postprandial triglyceride clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Increased chylomicron triglyceride hydrolysis by connective tissue flow in perfused rat hindlimb. Implications for lipid storage.

Skeletal muscle has two circulatory routes, nutritive (in contact with muscle) and non-nutritive (part of which is located in the connective tissue), and the balance of flow between the two is controlled by neural input and circulating vasomodulators. The purpose of this study was to assess muscle triglyceride hydrolysis given that the two circuits may have a differing vascular distribution of hydrolytic activity. The isolated rat hindlimb was perfused with 6% Ficoll((R)) and a radiolabeled chylomicron;-lipid emulsion containing apolipoprotein C-II. Serotonin (0.5-1 micrometer), a model vasoconstrictor previously shown to preferentially increase connective tissue flow, inhibited hindlimb oxygen uptake (from 16.7 +/- 0.6 to 10.2 +/- 1.0, mean +/- SE, n = 7 (P <0.001)) and stimulated [(14)C]-labeled fatty acid uptake into muscles (from 184 +/- 28 to 602 +/- 132, mean +/- SE, n = 7 (P = 0.009)). These effects were reversed by the vasodilator carbamyl choline. Vasopressin resulted in increased oxygen consumption but no change in triglyceride hydrolysis. Cholesteryl oleate uptake (an indicator of endocytosis of the chylomicron or remnant particle) was unaltered by serotonin. It is concluded that chylomicron triglyceride hydrolysis is enhanced by vasoconstrictors that increase connective tissue flow in the perfused rat hindlimb. Increased hydrolysis appears to be primarily due to an increased access of triglyceride to hydrolytic enzymes, presumably lipoprotein lipase associated with the fat cells commonly observed interlaced amongst bundles of muscle fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[When lipids increase in dialysis: the role of heparin! Standard heparin increases, low-molecular-weight heparin lowers triglycerides].

Dyslipoproteinemia in patients on hemodialysis is characterized by a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), a higher proportion of the small dense low density lipoprotein (small dense LDL) subfraction, and higher lipoprotein(a) concentration. The reason for the changes in triglyceride metabolism is an increase in the production of apolipoprotein B, and a decrease in the metabolism of VLDL as a consequence of decreased endothelial cell delipidation. The endothelial lipoprotein lipase, which plays a major role in this process, is released by heparin, which is essential for the function of the enzyme. Repeated administration of heparin for anticoagulation during hemodialysis apparently leads to an LPL depletion in the endothelium. This results in further exhaustion of lipolysis. Clinical studies in hemodialysis patients with high triglyceride and cholesterol levels indicate that a change from standard heparin to low-molecular-weight heparin improves the lipid profile by lowering triglycerides and cholesterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed2001

Enhancement of red blood cell aggregation by plasma triglycerides.

The effects of plasma triglycerides level on human red blood cells (RBCs) indices, hematological parameters, RBCs aggregation velocity and whole blood viscosity were studied at 2 hours after high-fat or low-fat meal. Proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol levels of plasma were analysed. The RBCs rouleaux formation rate was measured in 70% autologous plasma (with 30% phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) or 1 g/dl dextran T70 solution (with 4 g/dl bovine serum albumin) in PBS, using a low-shear rheoscope. The results were grouped according to triglycerides content in plasma. No significant difference in whole blood viscosity, hematological parameters, RBC indices, protein and cholesterol content was observed between high-fat and low-fat blood samples. There was a significant increase in rouleaux formation rate of samples with high triglyceride levels, when measured in 70% autologous plasma, but it was not significant in dextran T70 containing medium. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that alteration of plasma lipid levels as well as possible changes in the cell membrane lipid composition lead to enhanced RBC aggregation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A risk factor for atherosclerosis: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Compelling evidence from meta-analysis of a number of clinical studies on a large aggregate of patients has established an increased level of triglycerides as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease. The finding of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in human atheromata has provided substantial pathophysiologic evidence for a direct role in atherogenesis. Hypertriglyceridemia is commonly embedded in the context of a metabolic syndrome that includes central obesity, insulin resistance, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and often hypertension. Hypertriglyceridemia also appears to underlie the phenomenon of small dense LDL in most instances. Therapeutic interventions must be directed at underlying obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes when present, as well as addressing metabolic determinants of dyslipidemia per se. Diet, exercise, weight loss, and avoidance of alcohol are the cornerstones of treatment. The choice of medication should be based on the lipoprotein phenotype. Niacin, fibric acid derivatives, and omega-3 fatty acids are most useful in treating severe hypertriglyceridemia. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are useful in some phenotypes with moderately increased triglyceride levels. Evidence from a number of clinical trials indicates that mitigation of risk of coronary heart disease, and possibly stroke, can be effected by reducing levels of plasma triglycerides.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Study of triglyceride distribution aged 35 - 64, and their association with other cardiovascular disease risk factors in 11 provinces].

OBJECTIVE: Study of triglyceride distribution and their association with other major cardiovascular disease risk factors in 11 provinces. METHODS: Twenty-seven thousand and sixteen persons in 11 provinces, aged 35 - 64, were screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS: (1) Results of plasma triglyceride level distribution showed that there was significant difference among 11 province, the highest/lowest ratio was 2.3. (2) Plasma triglyceride level was higher in men than in women (P < 0.001). (3) The prevelance of hypertriglyceridemia was the most frequent type of the dislipidemia. (4) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose and physical activity, significantly and independently correlated with hypertriglyceridemia prevelance. (5) There existed aggregation of risk factors in hypertriglyceridemia. Seventy-one point zero percent of hypertriglyceridemia had at least one other risk factors in men and 74.4% in women, while it was 53.8% men and 52.2% women of those with non hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our date indicated that fasting triglycerides were associated with more arteriosclerosis factors and could serve as a marker for several cardiovascular disease risk factors. More patients with hypertriglyceridemia combined with other situation of metabolic syndromes thus might have higher risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Fatty acid patterns of serum triglycerides and subcutaneous adipose tissues after ileal bypass in obesity.

A group of 9 obese subjects with a mean body weight of 140 kg was treated for their obesity with a jejuno-ileal intestinal shunt. During the first post-operative year their mean body weight decreased to 100 kg. Fatty acid patterns of triglycerides inserum and subcutaneous adipose tissue were studied at intervals during one year after surgery. Myristic and palmitic acids' contents of serum triglycerides were found to decrease during this period of time, whereas the fatty acid pattern of triglycerides in adipose tissue was practically unchanged. Triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum decreased during the first year after operation, whereas aminotransferases showed a transient elevation. It is put forward that these findings are consistent with starvation rather than liver dysfunction.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Echolucent, rupture-prone carotid plaques associated with elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, particularly in women.

BACKGROUND: We tested whether fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein elevations are gender specific (1) in patients with carotid artery stenosis >or=50% vs controls, and (2) in patients with echolucent, rupture-prone plaques compared with controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 66 controls and 323 patients with carotid artery stenosis >or=50%, of which 160 had echolucent plaques. Participants underwent a fat-tolerance test and carotid artery plaque evaluation with use of high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and computerized image analysis. By comparison, female cases with carotid stenosis >or=50% had higher fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels than did controls; however, this difference was not observed between male cases and controls. Fasting and postprandial very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density liprotein (IDL) cholesterol levels were elevated; low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was unchanged, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was reduced in both female and male cases vs controls. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels were elevated in women with echolucent plaques vs controls, but not in women with echo-rich plaques, or in men with echolucent or echo-rich plaques. Fasting and postprandial VLDL and IDL cholesterol levels were elevated, LDL cholesterol level was unchanged, and HDL cholesterol level was reduced in both female and male patients with echolucent plaques vs controls. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (but not LDLs) are elevated in patients with carotid artery stenosis of >or=50% compared with controls, and particularly identify echolucent, rupture-prone carotid plaques. These observations are more pronounced in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cholesterol lipoproteins, triglycerides, rural-urban differences and prevalence of dyslipidaemia among males in Rajasthan.

To develop profiles of serum cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides, influence of rural versus urban lifestyle in their levels and prevalence of dyslipidaemias, we studied cohorts of male population in Rajasthan. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 401 men (age range 20-73 years) randomly selected from a larger sample of 3397 during a comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor survey in rural (202 men) and urban (199 men) populations. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were determined and correlated with age and anthropometric variables. The lipid levels were classified according to US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. The mean +/- SD levels in mg/dl were, total cholesterol 170.5 +/- 40, LDL cholesterol 102.1 +/- 36, HDL cholesterol 43.6 +/- 12 and TG 124.0 +/- 50. The mean levels in rural vs. urban population were total cholesterol 165 +/- 37 vs. 176 +/- 43 (p = 0.008), LDL cholesterol 97 +/- 33 vs. 108 +/- 39 (p = 0.003), HDL cholesterol 44 +/- 13 vs. 43 +/- 12 (p = 0.44) and TG 122 +/- 46 vs 126 +/- 55 (p = 0.41). There was significant positive correlation of age and body-mass index with total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides but not with HDL cholesterol. When classified according to the NCEP guidelines high total cholesterol (> or = 240 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol (> or = 160 mg/dl) was in 33 (8.3%). Borderline high total cholesterol (200-239) was in 64 (16%) and borderline high LDL cholesterol (130-159) in 55 (13.7%). Borderline high triglyceride (200-400 mg/dl) was in 33 (8.2%) and severe hypertriglyceridaemia in none. Low HDL cholesterol (< 35 mg/dl) was in 96 (23.9%) and protective level of HDL cholesterol (> or = 60 mg/dl) in 47 (11.7%). In urban as compared to rural men the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia > 200 mg/dl (28% vs 22%) and hyper LDL cholesterolaemia (26% vs 18%) were significantly more.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The enteroglucagon response to intrajejunal infusion of glucose, triglycerides, and sodium chloride, and its relation to jejunal inhibition of gastric acid secretion in man.

In a previous communication we demonstrated that pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion is strongly and equally inhibited by intrajejunal infusions of hypertonic glucose, hypertonic sodium chloride, and triglycerides. Samples of peripheral venous blood obtained during these experiments were now analysed for insulin, glucose, pancreatic glucagon, and enteroglucagon. Pancreatic glucagon was stimulated weakly only by triglycerides. Enteroglucagon secretion was strongly stimulated by glucose, moderately by triglycerides, and unaltered after sodium chloride. Insulin secretion was stimulated only during the glucose infusion. We concluded that enteroglucagon is not responsible for the jejunal inhibition of gastric acid secretion in man by jejunal administration of hyperosmolal NaCl solution but may participate in the inhbition evoked by jejunal administration of glucose of triglycerides. Furthermore, it is unlikely that enteroglucagon is in itself insulinogenic in man.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty acids composition of plasma phospholipids and triglycerides in children with cystic fibrosis. The effect of dietary supplementation with an olive and soybean oils mixture.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) in plasma phospholipids. The reduced availability of EFA has been reported to alter patterns of circulating and tissue esterified acids and may determine profound changes in membrane fluidity and cell signaling mechanisms. In the current study, the results of a new strategy aimed at the realization of a practical, low cost integrator, for daily use in the dietary management of FC subjects, are reported. We investigated the plasma phospholipids and triglycerides fatty acids composition of CF patients subjected to a dietary supplement constituted of a mixture of 50% extra virgin olive oil and 50% soybean oil and studied the clinical effects of this supplementation. The study included fourteen young subjects, aged between 6 and 15 years, affected by cystic fibrosis, with pancreatic insufficiency and heterozygotes or homozygotes for the delta F508 mutation. The subjects were matched by age and randomly assigned to either an oil mixture supplemented (OM) group (n = 7), or to a control (C) group (n = 7). In contrast to the control group, the patients with supplemented diet achieved significant increases of the relative amount of C18:1 in the triglycerides as well as a significant decrease in saturated fatty acids (C 16:0, C 17:0, C 18:0, C 22:0). Moreover, the ratio between LA acid and AA significantly increased in the triglycerides of the OM group. In the phospholipids of the OM group, the relative amount of C 18:1 and of palmitic acid increased significantly whereas the relative amount of the most important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased. These results show that oleic acid can be absorbed and incorporated into the plasma triglycerides of CF patients receiving pancreatic enzymes, whereas poor incorporation of LA occurs. Despite the reduction in the relative amounts of phospholipid PUFA, the supplemented subjects did not reported adverse effects There were no significant differences between groups in the clinical indexes recorded (height, weight, BMI, Schwachman-Kulczycki score and FEV 1s). The results of this study showed that the supplementation with a mixture of extravirgin olive and soybean oil was safe in seven CF patients treated during a 2-months period and no negative clinical effects were evident. However, further clinical trials will be necessary in order to better evaluate the consequence of the observed changes in plasma fatty acids composition in a longer testing period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between blood triglyceride levels and periodontal status.

OBJECTIVES: The literature suggests that a link exists between the presence of periodontal disease and impaired lipid metabolism. However, most studies have focused on patients in private clinics or university hospitals. In the present study, we assessed associations between blood chemistry variables and periodontal disease status in rural communities of Japan. METHODS: A total of 823 residents participated in a comprehensive health screen. The medical screen included measurement of body mass index, blood pressure, hematocrit and blood chemistry, including levels of hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), creatinine, and plasma glucose. Periodontal status was assessed using the CPI scoring method. Of those participating, 133 subjects with a CPI of 4 (periodontal disease group) and age- and gender-matched control subjects with a CPI of less than 3 were selected for analysis. RESULTS: The mean triglyceride level was significantly higher for the diseased group than for the control group (p < 0.05). The mean HDL-C level was higher for the control group than for the diseased group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Logistic regression model analysis revealed a significant relationship between elevated triglycerides (> 149 mg/dl) and the presence of periodontal disease (OR = 2.26 vs. < or = 149 mg/dl, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that serum triglyceride level might be a potential indicator for the presence of periodontal disease, suggesting the need for community-based longitudinal studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of human apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100 kinetics in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins using [5,5,5-2H3]leucine.

A primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine was used in humans to determine the maximal level of enrichment at plateau of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 and apoB-100 which are synthesized in the intestine and liver, respectively, and to compare the kinetics of these two proteins under identical conditions. Eight normal subjects (four post-menopausal females and four males) over the age of 40 were studied in the constantly fed state over a 20-h period by providing small hourly feedings of identical composition. [5,5,5-2H3]Leucine (10 mumol/kg body weight followed by 10 mumol/kg body weight per hour) was infused over 15 h intravenously. The enrichment of deuterated leucine in apoB-48 and apoB-100 triglyceride-rich lipoproteins isolated by ultracentrifugation (d less than 1.006 g/ml) was determined during the entire infusion period. The plateau level of enrichment in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 was 3.96 +/- 1.41 tracer/tracee ratio (%) which was 39.7% of the plasma leucine enrichment level. The plateau level of enrichment in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-100 was 7.23 +/- 1.17 tracer/tracee ratio (%) which was 72.5% of the plasma leucine enrichment level. Mean fractional secretion rates of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 and apoB-100 were 4.39 +/- 2.00 and 5.39 +/- 1.98 pools per day, respectively, with estimated residence times of 5.47 and 4.45 hours, respectively. The data indicate that in the fed state there is about a twofold difference in the plateau enrichment of an intestinally derived protein, as compared to one of hepatic origin, most likely attributable to differences in the enrichment of the intracellular leucine in the two organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗