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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immediate implantation of a pure titanium implant into an extraction socket: report of a pilot procedure.

The conventional osseointegration protocol calls for waiting up to 12 months for ossification of an extraction socket to heal before placing an endosseous implant. In this study the possibility of placing a pure titanium implant directly into an extraction socket immediately after extraction was investigated. A pure titanium Nobelpharma 10-mm implant was placed into a central incisor extraction socket of a stump-tailed monkey and allowed to heal for a period of 6 months, followed by functional loading of the implant. The implant was osseointegrated on a clinical and histological level. This pilot study suggests that pure titanium implants have the potential to integrate when placed immediately after extraction of the teeth and warrants further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Bilaterally impacted maxillary canines: a case report in an adult.

A case of bilateral maxillary canine impaction with incomplete lateral incisor transposition in an adult is reported. The case was treated by relocating the canines in their correct position in the arch. The impacted teeth were driven through the sockets of the extracted deciduous teeth. The periodontal status during and after relocation of the transposed impacted canines was evaluated. Remineralization of bone between the lateral incisor and the canine was observed during treatment on the left side, while it was delayed on the right. Two years after the end of treatment, no loss of periodontal attachment could be detected and probing depth was less than 2 mm on the treated teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of local anesthetics on healing process of extraction wound in rats with reference to effects of epinephrine].

Effects of local anesthetics on the healing processes of the extraction wound were investigated in the rats. The study was performed on 5 experimental groups: control group (GA), 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor (LEO) and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1/20,000 (LE2), 1/80,000 (LE8) and 1/200,000 (LE20). Under general anesthesia (GA) the mandibular 2nd molars were extracted after the injection of each local anesthetic. The control group (GA) had the teeth extracted without a local anesthetic. The wounds were examined histopathologically at timed sequence from 1 day to 14 days after the operation. Postextraction wounds of all the groups healed uncomplicatedly and these 5 groups could be classified into 2 types of healing process: epinephrine-free group (GA and LEO) and epinephrine group (LE2, LE8 and LE20). The 14-day postextraction sockets of the epinephrine-free group were filled with callus, whereas those of the epinephrine group had progressed to the final stage of bony healing unexpectedly. There was no difference in the healing process of each wound in the same group. These results suggest that a local anesthetic without a vasoconstrictor do not modify the postextraction wound healing process, and epinephrine does not prolong but will promote the wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Repair of postextraction sockets: influence of homogeneous bone implants preserved by formaldehyde. An experimental study in dogs.

Small bone sticks from a dog, fixed in formaldehyde from 1 to 4 weeks, were used as homoimplants in the left postextraction sockets of dogs, and the right sockets were allowed to heal as ungrafted controls. The animals were killed 5, 11, 22, and 60 days after implantation. No obvious differences were discovered, either clinically or radiographically, between the repair of the control sockets and that of the experimental sockets. However, appreciable histologic differences could be noted. The presence of the implant disturbed and retarded both the organization of the granulation tissue and the process of intra-alveolar ossification. The attempt to use homogeneous bone implants that had been preserved in formaldehyde in order to stimulate osteogenesis in the host produced unsatisfactory results, since it retarded the process of postextraction alveolar repair.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1990

[Postextraction complications and the choice of anesthesia].

The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the dependence of the most frequent postextraction complications (pain, hemorrhage, hematoma, swelling and dry socket) in relation to the choice of anesthesia. The total of 447 teeth was extracted in 319 male and female persons between 11 and 80 years of age. The most important conclusion of the investigations is that vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions does not influence the incidence of postextraction complications. Clot disturbance, higher incidence of dry socket and unpredicted time of pain appearance were found in the local anesthetic group with lower concentration of vasoconstrictor. Statistically significant difference between local and general anesthesia does not exist in relation to blood clot disturbances, although a great number of clot fails is evident in local anesthetic group. The pain intensity is lower when teeth extraction were performed under general anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

In vitro mechanics of the periodontal ligament in impeded and unimpeded rat mandibular incisors.

Load-deformation curves and/or the stress-strain curves were obtained by the mechanical testing of transverse sections of impeded and unimpeded rat incisors in vitro to evaluate more precisely the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament. Perimeters of the lingual dentine and socket wall and the sectional area of the periodontal ligament were measured radiographically. An extension rate of 5 mm/min in an extrusive direction was used. The average maximum shear load, the elastic stiffness (tan beta) and the failure energy in shear in the impeded group were respectively 6.4, 6.0 and 5.7 times those in the unimpeded group. The average maximum deformation was similar. The average maximum shear stress, the elastic stiffness (tan alpha) and the failure strain energy density in the impeded group were respectively 7.2, 8.1 and 6.5 times those in the unimpeded group. The average maximum strain in the unimpeded group was significantly greater (1.4 times) than that in the impeded group. Mechanical responses of the periodontal ligament seem to be very sensitive to internal and external disturbance of the tooth: changes in such properties may be detectable even when other techniques fail to reveal differences. Our method provides a useful tool for such mechanical analysis.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1992

The effect of orthodontic retention on the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament in the rat maxillary first molar.

The load-deformation curves obtained by extraction of the rat maxillary first molar from its socket in the dissected jaw were analyzed so that the effect of orthodontic retention on the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament could be examined. An elastic band was inserted between the rat maxillary first and second molars for four days, and then the interdental space was filled with resin for four or eight days. The average interdental spaces between the teeth ranged from 315 to 398 microns during the experimental period. The maximum shear load, elastic stiffness, and failure energy in shear decreased markedly following application of an orthodontic force, but they increased gradually and reached control levels on the 8th day after the retention. Maximum shear deformation at maximum load was not significantly different between the experimental and control teeth during the experimental period. It is suggested that, following orthodontic tooth movement, occlusal function was restored after a relatively short retention period, as was the impaired mechanical strength of the periodontal ligament.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2002

A unique localization of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal tissue of guinea pig teeth.

This study describes the unique distribution of Ruffini endings (RE) in the periodontal tissues of the guinea pig teeth with special references to their presence in the enamel-related aspects of the continuously growing incisors and molars. In guinea pig incisors, immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5 and glia specific S-100 protein revealed a condensed distribution of well-developed RE in the bone-related part of the lingual periodontal ligament as has been reported in many other rodents. In most cases, some RE-like nerve elements characterized by dendritic ramification and rounded terminal Schwann cells were found to be located in the labial, enamel-related regions, where no periodontal ligament-like fiber arrangement was established. In the molar periodontal ligament, well-developed RE-like nerve elements were also distributed in the enamel-related part, but in intimate relation to thick periodontal fiber bundles inserted in the cementum pearls grown on the enamel surface. In some cases, few RE were located in the apical region of the alveolar socket, where no periodontal fiber bundles could be identified. Our data provide the first morphological evidence of the presence of RE-like nerve elements in the enamel-related, fibrous connective tissue of continuously erupting rodent incisors. These data indicate that RE in guinea pig periodontal tissues have variable spatial correlation to the surrounding fibers, implicating their diverse mechanoreceptive properties depending on the anatomical location.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The immediate implant: bone preservation and bone regeneration.

This paper demonstrates that an intact extraction socket is not necessary for the successful integration of a titanium implant fixture. Several case reports are used to describe the immediate placement of fixtures into compromised sockets, some in conjunction with bone grafting and/or guided tissue regeneration techniques to enhance the surgical result. Advantages of immediate implant placement are threefold: (1) treatment time is significantly reduced; (2) ridge contour can be preserved; and (3) it is possible to place the fixture in a more ideal axial position, thus enhancing fabrication, esthetics, and biomechanics of the subsequent restoration.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1975

Studies concerning the hsitotoxicity of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive when employed as an oral hemostat.

An experimental study was implemented to determine the effectiveness of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) as an oral hemostat, its influence on sequential wound healing, and its potential as a carcinogen. Segregated groups of equal numbers of male and female Long-Evans Hooded Rats underwent deep (socket) and superficial (surface) aerosol placement of bucrylate to maxillary molar extraction sites. Bucrylate proved to be an effective oral hemostat, rapidly retarding postextraction hemorrhage. Deep placement of the adhesive resulted in retarding of healing and lingering macrohistiocytic aggregates in wounds. Superficial placement of the material resulted in very little long-term macrohistiocytic response, and would healing showed little retardation. A neoplastic potential was not demonstrated for bucrylate.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1995

Ridge enhancement and socket preservation utilizing the subepithelial connective tissue graft: a case report.

To prevent postextraction alveolar ridge resorption, various methods, techniques, and materials have been developed and are utilized. The learning objective of this article is to present a review of these materials and procedures and a clinical rehabilitation of a patient with a high smile line utilizing the technique of "socket preservation" to prevent an unaesthetic collapse of the alveolar ridge. A complex periodontal-prosthetic rehabilitation is undertaken to accommodate the patient's high smile line and prevent a possible unaesthetic result. This case report is an extension of several other ridge preservation cases by the author, previously published in this journal. The importance of cooperation and teamwork between the periodontist and the restorative dentist is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical evaluation of antibiotic-supplemented bone allograft.

Antibiotic-supplemented bone allograft (ASBA) was originally developed for treatment of combat-acquired, avulsive defects of the oral and maxillofacial skeleton. Earlier findings in experimental wound models showed that ASBA resulted in significantly improved wound repair of infected osseous defects when compared with conventional treatment. In this study, ASBA was evaluated in paired, comparable, mandibular third molar sockets and compared with the findings following conventional surgical removal. The results of this assessment showed that wound healing was significantly improved with the use of ASBA. Evidence produced by this clinical evaluation of ASBA suggests its potential use for other surgical bone defects when grafting is precluded by the risk of infection as a result of contamination by oral flora.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Morphometric and microscopic evaluation of the effect of solution of acetazolamide as an intracanal therapeutic agent in late reimplanted rat teeth.

The use of substances that inhibit root resorption may be an alternative for cases of unsuccessful reimplants. Hence, the purpose of this study was to test a solution of acetazolamide, a resorption inhibitor, as an intracanal therapeutic agent for late reimplanted teeth. Thirty rat maxillary right central incisors were avulsed and kept dry for 30 min. The teeth were instrumented, and the root surfaces treated with 1% hypochlorite solution followed by application of 2% sodium fluoride. Thereafter, the teeth were divided into two groups according to the intracanal dressing: Group I, solution of acetazolamide and Group II, calcium hydroxide paste. Teeth were then reimplanted in their respective sockets. The animals were killed at 15, 30, and 60 days after reimplantation and the samples processed for morphometric and microscopic analysis. The results showed that calcium hydroxide paste limited root resorption, even though not avoiding it. In contrast, no root resorption was observed after 60 days in the acetazolamide group, confirming the efficacy of the substance in inhibiting root resorption.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1977

Blood fibrinolytic activity before and after oral surgery.

Blood smaples were collected in cold O.1 M sodium citrate from 30 healthy young persons whose mandibular impacted molars were to be removed. Blood sampling was repeated immediately after operation. Fibrinolytic activity of the euglobin fraction, precipitated at pH 5.9, was measured by the fibrin plate method. Three different fibrinogen solutions were used: 1) bovine fibrinogen, 2) bovine plasminogen-free fibrinogen, and 3) human fibrinogen. The differences between preoperative and postoperative fibrinolytic activity were evaluated. No increase of fibrinolytic activity was seen in general, indicating that oral surgery does not necessarily influence the fibrinolytic activity of the blood. Dividing the patients according to sex or to a long/short surgical procedure did not influence the activity either. However, in four patients who developed alveolitis sicca (dry socket), a significant rise of activity on all the fibrin plats was seen (P less than 0.01) when compared with the variations measured in patients with normal healing. The result suggests that a rise of blood fibrinolytic activity of a certain magnitude during oral surgery may predispose to the devlopement of alveolitis sicca. Four females who took oral contraceptives showed a higher postoperative fibrinolytic activity (P less than 0.05) than the other females. The importance of this observation is to be investigated in further studies.

Fibrinogen↗
PubMed1990

Inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus: an unusual cause of a non-healing extraction socket. Case report.

Although the healing of extraction sites is generally a rapid and uncomplicated process, delayed healing or overt infection of recent extraction sockets may involve a variety of causes and the clinician must be aware pre-operatively of both local and systemic influences. Retarded or non-healing extraction sites always require investigation. This paper looks broadly at the subject of non-healing extraction sites and reports an unusual case involving an inverted papilloma of the maxillary antrum. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of an antral papilloma causing delayed extraction wound healing.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of intrabony defects associated with interradicular root proximity/fusion in molar furcations.

To treat furcation involvement is a crucial challenge to periodontists, not only because of the limitation in pocket reduction by osteoplasty and apically positioned flap, but also because of the unpredictability in regenerative approaches. Therefore, if the first molar is absent and the second molar has to be retained strategically for prosthetic reasons, very few alternatives besides nonsurgical/surgical debridement can be taken in treating the furcation of the second molar, where the interradicular root proximity and fusion frequently occur. On the other hand, root amputation/hemisection has long been considered a contraindication in treating furcations with two close roots; however, this impression is only empirical. A series of clinical cases involved in the treatment of intrabony defects associated with interradicular root proximity and fusion by root amputation/hemisection has been reported. Without any help of regenerative material, thorough root debridement and pocket reduction were attained. Based on these cases, we suggested that the cut surface created by odontoplasty during root amputation was compatible for periodontal healing and the extraction socket provided striking potential for defect repair. We re-examined the clinical feasibility and benefit of treating intrabony defects associated with interradicular root proximity and fusion in molar furcations by root amputation/hemisection, and suggested that its role should be favorably reconsidered on case basis. The short-term success in periodontal and prosthetic aspects needed to be further evaluated at long-term follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bone formation over a TiAl6V4 (IMZ) implant placed into an extraction socket in association with membrane therapy (Gengiflex).

Complete restoration of an osseous defect around a TiAl6V4 (IMZ) implant is accomplished by the combined use of an implant placed in the alveolus of a fractured lower bicuspid and the principles of guided tissue regeneration. Gengiflex (Gengiflex--BioFill--Productos Biotecnologicos, Curitiba, PR, Brazil), a new membrane, was used to cover the implant and porous hydroxyapatite was used as grafting material. The filling of the osseous defect that also covered the implant was verified clinically at re-entry 6 months later. Histological analysis of the mineralized tissue collected during exposure of the implant confirmed bone formation.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1992

Reconstruction of root morphology in skeletonized remains with postmortem dental loss.

A reversible technique is presented in which the root morphology of missing teeth in skeletonized human remains can be reconstructed for the purpose of radiographic comparison and postmortem identification. In this technique, which is based upon pilot studies with skeletonized mandibles of archival remains, the alveolar socket walls are sealed with a coat of cyanoacrylate cement and injected with a mixture of vinyl polysiloxane and barium sulfate. Radiographs are produced with the radiopaque mixture in place, which highlights the antemortem morphology of the roots. Subsequently, the impression material is removed, resulting in no gross alteration of the evidence. The radiographs made with this technique, as well as the impressions, can be stored for later use at a trial or pending the discovery of antemortem dental evidence.

Adult↗