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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Comparative analysis of surgical approaches used during intracochlear implantation with reference to their safety for the important structures of the temporal bone].

A comparative analysis was made of three operative approaches used in cochlear implantations, regarding their safety for main structures of the temporal bone, simplicity and versatility. Anatomical and clinical data from literature were worked out. It was stated that the posterior tympanotomy approach is best because of its allows for good view on the round window niche and its risk for the facial nerve damage is not greater than that of the other routes. The posterior tympanotomy approach is safe for small children because the space between the facial nerve and tympanic ring is not smaller in them than in adults. This route to the tympanic cavity creates also possibilities for widening of the operating area if it is necessary, for example in obstructed and obliterated cochleas. The anterior tympanotomy approach is dangerous for children because of a great risk for facial nerve and jugular bulb. The mastoidotomy-tympanotomy approach is on the other hand very complex, requires special equipment and is not more protective for the facial nerve than posterior tympanotomy approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Glomus tumors of the temporal bone: a report of 6 cases].

The authors review the clinical, radiological and pathological features of 6 cases of glomus tumors of the temporal bone. Out of the 6 patients, 5 were female; age was distributed between 22 and 76 years (mean 48 years). The main clinical features were hypoacusia, tinnitus and otoscopic findings suggestive of the diagnosis. In one case was noted the concomitant presence of a neurinoma of the VIII cranial nerve with a ipsilateral glomus tumor, and in another case there was a concomitancy of carotid body tumor with temporal glomus jugularis tumor. Metastases were not observed in any case. Tumoral lesions were successfully ressected employing microsurgical techniques and a multidisciplinary staff involving neurosurgeons, head and neck surgeons and otolaryngologists. Radioteraphy was not employed, neither pre-operative embolization. Some aspects related to the nosology, embriology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this interesting type of neoplasms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Giant cell granuloma of the temporal bone: a case report with immunohistochemical, enzyme histochemical, and in vitro studies.

A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Effect of middle ear modification on umbo vibration. Human temporal bone experiments with a new vibration measuring system.

The effects of aditus blockage, decrease of tympanic cavity volume, and resection of the tensor tympani muscle on umbo displacement were studied in human temporal bones using a new non-contacting video measuring system. This system, combined with stroboscopic illumination, allowed measurement of umbo vibration down to 0.3 micron in the 0.1- to 4.5-kHz frequency range for a constant 124-dB sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane. Aditus blockage caused a mean increase of 5.4 dB with a peak at 2.8 kHz and a mean decrease of 3.4 dB below 1.6 kHz. Decrease of the tympanic cavity volume by 30% to 42% showed an improvement of 2.2 dB in the 1.4- to 3-kHz range and a similar loss below 1 kHz. Resection of the tensor tympani muscle produced a slight improvement of 1.7 dB at 1.8 kHz.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed2005

Petrified ears in a patient with Keutel syndrome: temporal bone CT findings.

We present unusual imaging findings of petrified ears in a 9-year-old girl with Keutel syndrome. The patient presented for a temporal bone study for hearing loss. CT scan showed middle and inner ear abnormalities along with extensive and unsuspected calcification of the external ears and ossicular ligaments. On further investigation, the patient was found to have diffuse cartilage calcification in the larynx and tracheobronchial tree, brachytelephalangism and peripheral pulmonary stenosis suggestive of Keutel syndrome. Confirmation was obtained by mutation analysis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Otolaryngologic plain film radiography, with an emphasis on the temporal bone--how to do it. Part one.

Radiologists' mastoid and sinus film reports have often not helped the otolaryngologist clinically. The trend in radiography of the temporal bone has swung almost entirely to tomograms, further de-emphasizing the importance of plain films. A review of the literature reveals that the details for taking films of high quality were worked out prior to 1930, but the equipment available was cumbersome and difficult to use. Applying the available knowledge to today's sophisticated equipment yields films of outstanding quality and gives clinical information of considerable usefulness. The objectives of this article are: 1. to review the literature on plain film otolaryngologic radiography and equipment used. 2. to present previously unpublished material on the exact technique for obtaining films of high quality. 3. to assemble for the first time all the available information on the subject in one source. 4. to present the author's modification of the Waters view for small children, and 5. to stress the clinical usefulness of office radiography in the author's practice.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Percutaneous implants in the temporal bone for securing a bone conductor: surgical methods and results.

Clinical results of an extended follow-up of percutaneous titanium implants for application of bone conductors are presented. A simplified 1-stage surgical procedure is introduced. This study entails a consecutive series of 163 implants in 155 patients 9 to 80 years old who received a bone conductor coupled to a percutaneous titanium implant since June 1988 at the University Hospital Nijmegen. The maximum follow-up is 7 years. The bone conductor can be connected to a percutaneous abutment fixed to a titanium fixture anchored in the temporal bone. Several clinical trials from different clinics have shown its efficacy in patients with a conductive or mixed hearing loss. In this study attention is paid to the following issues: the occurrence of skin reactions, the condition of the skin around the abutment, the stability of the fixture, and a simplified surgical technique.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

A silicon rubber cast of the cavities in the temporal bone as a teaching aid in human anatomy.

A technique is described for producing a more flexible cast of the cavities in the temporal bone for teaching purposes. Instead of using rigid polymers to produce the model with all its inherent disadvantages, silicon rubber is used. It has the advantage that the cast is easier to produce, it is more robust when handled, and teachers can bend portions of the model to demonstrate underlying structures.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1995

Atypical invasion of the temporal bone in vestibular schwannoma.

Vestibular schwannomas typically present with erosion of the temporal bone that is limited to the boundaries of the internal auditory canal. Four patients with extensive erosion, excavations, and pseudosatellite defects in the petrous apex are presented. These bony changes extended anteriorly up to the level of the carotid canal. The patients did not have stigmata of neurofibromatosis type 2 and they did not have systemic bony disorders. The tumors did not show any unusual histopathologic changes. Such invasive tumors present an unusual surgical challenge compared to vestibular schwannomas with a more typical pattern of bony erosion. Radiological features and surgical considerations relevant to vestibular schwannomas with this rare presentation are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The semicircular canals of the inner ear and the pneumatization of the temporal bone. A radioanatomic investigation.

In an investigation of 94 plastic casts of temporal bone specimens a wide range of variations both in the general outline of the pyramid and in the anatomy of its specific structures was found. Attempts were made to estimate the transverse and vertical dimensions of the petrous bone. Both the mastoid and the perilabyrinthine pneumatization correlated to the dimensions of some structures, but not to the size and shape of the semicircular canals.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone from a case of E trisomy syndrome.

Computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction was performed from histologic sections of the left temporal bone removed from a case of E trisomy syndrome. The reconstructions included structures such as the bony and membranous labyrinths, ossicles, ossicular muscles, tympanic membrane, and facial and eighth nerves. The structures could be observed individually or simultaneously in combination. Prominent abnormalities observed in these reconstructions included enlargement of the utricle, absence of the posterior semicircular canal, slight hypoplasia of the cochlea, anomaly of the stapes, abnormally shaped stapedius muscle, abnormal course of the facial nerve, and flattening of the tympanic membrane. The results were useful for the visual and stereoscopic understanding of abnormal configurations and the spatial orientations of these abnormalities.

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18↗
PubMed1995

Auditory brainstem response and temporal bone and brainstem pathology in brainstem death, with special reference to autolysis of red blood cells.

We studied the pathological changes in the temporal bone and brainstem, with particular attention to the autolysis of red blood cells in and around the blood vessels, in six cases of brainstem death determined by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Our findings showed that the cochlea, the visceral organs and the spinal cord below a certain level of the cervical segments continued to live after brainstem death. Red blood cells in the vessels of the brainstem and cerebellum exhibited severe autolysis, whereas most red blood cells in the cochlea were preserved. Our findings of autolytic changes in red blood cells in the brainstem, and the preservation of red blood cells in the cochlea, imply initial loss of brainstem function and delayed loss of cochlear function after prolonged absence of ABRs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of computed tomography of the temporal bone for the early diagnosis and prognosis of otogenic intracranial complications].

The authors propose three-projection procedure of computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone aimed at early diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial otogenic complications. CT was conducted in 62 patients with chronic purulent epitympanitis. Destruction of the tympanic bone walls and the antrum, inflammatory involvement of the meninges were seen on CT in 15 patients. Carious changes with the wall thinning occurring at the same sites, but without intracranial invasion were noted in 25 patients. The picture was confirmed at surgery. The proposed CT technique provides not only the image of early intracranial inflammation, but also helps predict intracranial complications.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Mandibulofacial dysostosis: CT findings of the temporal bones.

Six patients of two families with clinically suspected and genetically proven Treacher Collins syndrome and hearing loss were studied by CT of the temporal bone. The objective of this study was to detect the abnormalities and to show the variation of expression of abnormalities. We found a high incidence of asymmetry in the different ear malformations and a slightly lower incidence of some other classical features, probably due to our patient selection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hanhart's syndrome with special reference to temporal bone findings.

We report two cases of Hanhart's syndrome. The first patient was a male who died in the neonatal period, and whose temporal bones were removed, processed, and histologically examined; the findings are presented in this article. The second case concerns a living patient with the typical characteristics of the syndrome. An attempt is made to show that a gross first and second branchial arch anomaly exists in this syndrome and not just the micrognathia that is obvious to the onlooker. Possible causes and classifications of facial dysmorphia are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the compression of the external carotid artery in the region of the styloid process of the temporal bone].

The styloid process syndrome and the stylo-keratohyoid syndrome are well-known diseases caused by an elongated styloid process of the temporal bone or by ossification of the derivations of the second branchial arch. The cause of the complaint is a compression of neighbouring vessels, nerves and soft tissues. 85 anatomical specimens were investigated in respect of a compression of the external carotid artery by the stylohyoid muscle. In 7 cases we found an impression of the vessel caused solely by the stylohyoid muscle without ossification of the derivations of the second branchial arch or elongation of the styloid process. In some cases the posterior auricular artery was also compressed. In addition, the extent of the stenosis of the external carotid artery was examined quantitatively. At least a histological examination was performed. The symptoms of the diseases are discussed by a review of the literature. Difficulties in X-ray diagnosis or diagnosis by bimanual palpation are pointed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Mechanical tuning characteristics of the hearing organ measured at the sensory cells in the gerbil temporal bone preparation.

The micromechanical behaviour of the inner ear in response to sound stimulation was investigated in an in vitro preparation of the gerbil temporal bone. Using laser heterodyne interferometry it was possible to measure the vibration responses directly at the level of the sensory and supporting cells within the hearing organ rather than from the underlying basilar membrane as has been done in previous studies. There was a tuned mechanical response of the cellular structures within the hearing organ. The resonance frequency measured at cells in the apical (third) turn was around 200Hz. The frequency of the mechanical tuning varied along the length of the cochlea. In the second turn the resonance frequency was around 500-700Hz. The cellular response in the second turn was more sharply tuned as compared to the response in the apical turn. In both cochlear turns the amplitude of the vibratory response changed with the cellular location radially across the hearing organ.

Acoustic Stimulation↗