Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TEXAS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Texas fever, two-headed calves and the Hatch Act--100 years and counting for veterinary parasitology in the United States.

The structure, historical development and major research problems confronting veterinary parasitology in the U.S.A. are reviewed 100 years after the cooperative federal-state experiment station system was authorized through passage of the Hatch Act by the U.S. Congress in 1887. The story of Texas cattle fever eradication from the American south exemplifies historical and functional aspects of the experiment station system. The distribution and importance of parasite problems of livestock, companion animals and parasitic zoonoses are summarized in the context of larger national agricultural issues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-2 alone and in combination with other cytokines in melanoma: the investigational approach at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

The clinical data that have been accumulated so far suggests a significant influence of IL-2 dose and schedule on the immunobiological effects and clinical toxicities observed with this cytokine. Consequently, the series of Phase I and Phase II clinical trials conducted at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in patients with advanced malignant melanoma investigating the use of IL-2 in combination with other cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, or ex vivo activated effector cells have used a common dose and schedule of IL-2 administration for which abundant immunobiological information already exists. This approach allows cross-trial comparison of experience with toxicities, immunobiological observations and clinical activity by a group of investigators within a single institution, and more rapid and valid evolution towards combination biological therapy, which preclinical data suggest will have greater activity than single agent therapy.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed2004

Recent developments and applications for the University of Texas Thermal Neutron Imaging Facility.

The Thermal Neutron Imaging Facility (UT-TNIF) at the University of Texas at Austin is being modified to begin work with the non-destructive evaluation of carbon fiber composite materials intended for use in space. The use of high-resolution borated micro channel plate (MCP) detectors has been investigated. MCNP calculations to redesign the external radiation shielding to allow UT-TNIF operation at higher reactor powers and to minimize internal neutron scattering have been performed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Prehistoric peyote use: alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas.

Two archaeological specimens of peyote buttons, i.e. dried tops of the cactus Lophophora williamsii (Lem.) Coulter, from the collection of the Witte Museum in San Antonio, was subjected to radiocarbon dating and alkaloid analysis. The samples were presumably found in Shumla Cave No. 5 on the Rio Grande, Texas. Radiocarbon dating shows that the calibrated 14C age of the weighted mean of the two individual dated samples corresponds to the calendric time interval 3780-3660 BC (one sigma significance). Alkaloid extraction yielded approximately 2% of alkaloids. Analysis with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) led to the identification of mescaline in both samples. No other peyote alkaloids could be identified. The two peyote samples appear to be the oldest plant drug ever to yield a major bioactive compound upon chemical analysis. The identification of mescaline strengthens the evidence that native North Americans recognized the psychotropic properties of peyote as long as 5700 years ago.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1985

Cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute: comparative analysis of two groups of patients (1968-1969 and 1982-1983).

Two groups of heart transplant recipients were studied. Patients in Group 1 underwent heart transplantation from May, 1968, to November, 1969. They were compared with Group 2, a series begun in July, 1982, when the current cardiac transplantation program was renewed at the Texas Heart Institute, and terminated in December, 1983. Patient selection, management, and results were compared. With a cumulative follow-up of 64 patient-months (Group 1) versus 93 patient-months (Group 2), the actuarial 18-month survival was 0 in Group 1 versus 70% in Group 2. Nine of the 18 patients in Group 1 died of rejection versus 4 of the 18 patients in Group 2. There were 6 infection-related deaths in Group 1 and none in Group 2. Using linearized rates based on 100 patient-months, the incidences of rejection and infection were, respectively, 23 versus 10.7 (p less than 0.05) and 64 versus 34 (p less than 0.05) between Groups 1 and 2. Incidence, pattern, and severity of these major complications have been reduced significantly. Over the last decade, there have been improvements in the selection of potential candidates, better management of donors, improved graft preservation, and the introduction of more selective immunosuppression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sterol composition of Aureoumbra lagunensis, the Texas brown tide alga.

Aureoumbra lagunensis, the alga responsible for the "Texas brown tide", contains (E)-24-propylidenecholesterol (35.7% of total sterols) as its dominant sterol, in common with other members of the Pelagophyceae. Other major sterols are stigmasterol (22.2%), sitosterol (19.2%), cholesterol (14.1%), and (24R)-24-propylcholesterol (5.2%). Trace amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol, crinosterol, clerosterol, campesterol, dihydrobrassicasterol, and 24-isopropylcholesterol were also detected.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

Acute toxicity and treatment interruption related to electron and photon craniospinal irradiation in pediatric patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of acute toxicity and treatment interruption associated with electron and photon craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children treated with or without chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study involving a computerized search of the radiotherapy database at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center identified a total of 79 eligible patients </=18 years old who had received electron (n = 46) or photon (n = 33) CSI from October 1980 to March 2000. Acute toxicity was graded according to the 1998 National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Chemotherapy sequencing was categorized as before or after CSI or no chemotherapy. The incidences of weight loss and skin toxicity were recorded and differences in treatment interruption and hematologic values with respect to modality used (electron vs. photon), age (</=6 or >6 years), and sequencing of chemotherapy were compared using chi-square tests. RESULTS: The median age of the electron group was lower than that of the photon group (6.7 years and 11.7 years, respectively). The two groups were otherwise well matched in terms of median spinal dose (31.1 vs. 33.3 Gy), fraction size (1.57 vs. 1.63 Gy), and total treatment time (32.4 vs. 30.7 days). Only 2 patients in each group (photon and electron) had a treatment break (>3 days). The mean number of days interrupted was 0.94 (photon) and 1.1 (electron) (p = 0.72). The electron and photon groups were well balanced in terms of receiving pre-CSI chemotherapy (37% vs. 41%, p = 0.776). Chemotherapy given before radiotherapy vs. after or not at all was associated with an increased incidence of Grade 3-4 leukopenia (76% vs. 49%, p = 0.02), thrombocytopenia (90% vs. 10%, p = 0), and neutropenia (50% vs. 15%, p = 0.005). A younger age was associated with Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (29% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.034), and decreased hemoglobin (29% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.014). The incidence of leukocyte depression of Grade 3-4 toxicity was 62% in the electron group and 32% in the photon group (p = 0.018). The incidence of Grade 3-4 platelet toxicity was higher with electrons (21%) than with photons (4%), but the difference was of borderline significance (p = 0.053). The difference in Grade 1-2 weight loss was not statistically significant (86% electron vs. 55% photon groups, p = 0.53), and Grade 3-4 weight loss did not occur within the entire study group. Most patients experienced Grade 0-1 radiation dermatitis with either electrons or photons. CONCLUSION: A younger patient age (</=6 years) and the sequence of chemotherapy before radiotherapy were associated with increased acute hematologic toxicity. Grade 3-4 weight loss, a surrogate for gastrointestinal toxicity, was not observed within the entire population. Despite the increased acute hematologic toxicities associated with CSI in very young children, the vast majority of patients were able to complete photon or electron CSI with minimal to no treatment interruptions. CSI with the electron technique can be used as an alternative to photon CSI in young children, and in our experience does not require the routine use of hematopoietic growth factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Antiretroviral prescribing patterns in the texas prison system.

PURPOSE: Although prison inmates are reported to exhibit substantially elevated rates of HIV infection, little is known about HIV treatment patterns, particularly pharmacotherapy, in correctional institutions. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to describe antiretroviral prescribing patterns in one of the nation's largest prison populations.METHODS: The study population consisted of all known (n = 2,360) HIV-infected inmates incarcerated in the Texas prison system in 1998. Information on medical conditions, sociodemographic factors, and pharmacotherapy was obtained from an institution-wide medical information system. Inmates who received more than one type of pharmacotherapy in 1998 were included in the appropriate number of categories.RESULTS: In 1998, 66.8 percent (95% CI = 64.0-69.4) of all HIV-infected inmates with CD4 counts below 500 were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); and 31.1 percent (95% CI = 29.3-33.0) were given no antiretroviral therapy. Logistic regression results showed that HAART treatment decreased monotonically as a function of patient CD4 count category.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of HIV-infected TDCJ inmates were placed on therapies that were not consistent with the generally recommended DHHS guidelines for their disease stage. It will be important to for future investigations to assess whether such patterns continue to exist among prison populations, and to assess the determinants of these patterns.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

A study of the effect of surface damage on the uptake of Texas Red-BSA by schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni.

In this paper we describe the effect of poly-L-lysines of different molecular weight on the schistosomula. In the control sample, the schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni take up fluorescent Texas Red conjugated to bovine serum albumin (TxR-BSA) into the gut. Following slight damage by 24.0 kDa poly-L-lysine, a high proportion of schistosomula take up fluorescent TxR-BSA into the excretory system. Subsequently, the dye diffused into the bodies of the schistosomula. We suspected that this diffusion involved the process of endocytosis so we investigated this with the use of endocytosis inhibitor, Latrunculin A. Addition of the endocytosis inhibitor Latrunculin A following poly-L-lysine treatment inhibited gut uptake of TxR-BSA as well as the diffusion of excretory-ingested TxR-BSA molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Does provider adherence to a treatment guideline change clinical outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder? Results from the Texas Medication Algorithm Project.

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing adoption of clinical practice guidelines in psychiatry, there is little measurement of provider implementation of these recommendations, and the resulting impact on clinical outcomes. The current study describes one effort to measure these relationships in a cohort of public sector out-patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD: Participants were enrolled in the algorithm intervention of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP). Study methods and the adherence scoring algorithm have been described elsewhere. The current paper addresses the relationships between patient characteristics, provider experience with the algorithm, provider adherence, and clinical outcomes. Measurement of provider adherence includes evaluation of visit frequency, medication choice and dosing, and response to patient symptoms. An exploratory composite 'adherence by visit' score was developed for these analyses. RESULTS: A total of 1948 visits from 141 subjects were evaluated, and utilized a two-stage declining effects model. Providers with more experience using the algorithm tended to adhere less to treatment recommendations. Few patient factors significantly impacted provider adherence. Increased adherence to algorithm recommendations was associated with larger decreases in overall psychiatric symptoms and depressive symptoms over time, but did not impact either immediate or long-term reductions in manic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Greater provider adherence to treatment guideline recommendations was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms and overall psychiatric symptoms over time. Additional research is needed to refine measurement and to further clarify these relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Antineoplastic agents. 553. The Texas grasshopper Brachystola magna.

Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human cancer cell lines) guided separation of an extract prepared from the previously chemically uninvestigated Texas grasshopper Brachystola magna led to isolation of the cancer cell growth inhibitory pancratistatin (1), narciclasine (2), and ungeremine (3). Pancratistatin (1) was first isolated from the bulbs of Hymenocallis littoralis), and the original crystal structure was deduced by X-ray analysis of a monomethyl ether derivative. In the present study pancratistatin (1) was isolated from an extract of B. magna, which led to the X-ray crystal structure of this anticancer drug. Since isoquinoline derivatives 1-3 are previously known only as constituents of amaryllidaceous plants, some of the interesting implications of their rediscovery in the grasshopper B. magna that does not appear to utilize amaryllis family plants were discussed.

Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids↗
PubMed2001

Adherence to travel health guidelines: the experience of Nigerian immigrants in Houston, Texas.

The objective of this study was to learn about the travel health practices of Nigerians in Houston, Texas, and to describe factors affecting adherence to recommendations for the prevention of malaria, typhoid, and hepatitis A set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data were collected through focus group discussions and one-on-one interviews with travelers and health care providers. Data collection and analysis relied on a process-based framework that included questions about health and health-maintenance strategies before, during, and after travel. The cost of travel health services and the availability of vaccines and medications were important structural barriers to adherence. Perceptions of individual susceptibility and disease severity varied across the infections of interest. Travelers perceive themselves to be at risk for malaria, but are generally not concerned about its consequences. A notable exception is the fear of becoming symptomatic post-travel in the United States. Typhoid was less salient than malaria, and few had heard of or worried about acquiring hepatitis A. Stigma associated with the acquisition of travel-related conditions and the perceived incompetence of physicians to treat illnesses related to overseas travel, and malaria in particular, also affect preventive decisions and strategies. The results of the study have broad relevance for the traveling public and for programs and services that seek to improve travel health and travel health care.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

300-Myr-old magmatic CO2 in natural gas reservoirs of the west Texas Permian basin.

Except in regions of recent crustal extension, the dominant origin of carbon dioxide in fluids in sedimentary basins has been assumed to be from crustal organic matter or mineral reactions. Here we show, by contrast, that Rayleigh fractionation caused by partial degassing of a magma body can explain the CO2/3He ratios and delta13C(CO2) values observed in CO2-rich natural gases in the west Texas Val Verde basin and also the mantle 3He/22Ne ratios observed in other basin systems. Regional changes in CO2/3He and CO2/CH4 ratios can be explained if the CO2 input pre-dates methane generation in the basin, which occurred about 280 Myr ago. Uplift to the north of the Val Verde basin between 310 and 280 Myr ago appears to be the only tectonic event with appropriate timing and location to be the source of the magmatic CO2. Our identification of magmatic CO2 in a foreland basin indicates that the origin of CO2 in other mid-continent basin systems should be re-evaluated. Also, the inferred closed-system preservation of natural gas in a trapping structure for approximately 300 Myr is far longer than the residence time predicted by diffusion models.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Chromosome localization of the 31 type I Texas bovine markers in sheep and goat chromosomes by comparative FISH-mapping and R-banding.

Bovine BAC clones containing the 31 genes, referred to as the Texas markers used earlier to definitively assign the 31 bovine syntenic groups (U) to cattle chromosomes, were mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization to sheep and goat R-banded chromosomes according to ISCNDB2000. All 31 markers were localized on homoeologous chromosomes and chromosome bands of the two species in agreement with previous localizations obtained both in cattle and river buffalo, definitively confirming chromosome homoeologies between Caprinae and Bovinae. In addition, we have extended physical maps of sheep and goat as 11 genes (HSD3B1, INHBA, CSN10, IGF2R, PIGR, MAP1B, DSC1, ELN, TNFRSF6, CGN1, IGF2) and 14 genes (SOD1, HSD3B1, CSN10, IGF2R, RB1, TG, PIGR, MAP1B, IGH@, LTF, DSC1, TNFRSF6, CGN1, IGF2) were assigned for the first time to goat and sheep chromosomes, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Bilateral eyelid agenesis repair in a captive Texas cougar.

Bilateral eyelid agenesis was presented with multiple ocular anomalies in a captive Texas cougar (Felis concolor). Corneal exposure resulted in substantial keratoconjunctivitis and blepharospasm. Bilateral inferopapillary fundic colobomas, persistent pupillary membranes, and an atypical iris coloboma OD were present. Surgical repair with a rotational pedicle flap resulted in functionally effective eyelids. Trichiasis was later treated with cryotherapy. Eyelid agenesis is reported infrequently in domestic cats and among large felids has only been reported in the snow leopard.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mutation to male fertility and toxin insensitivity in Texas (T)-cytoplasm maize is associated with a frameshift in a mitochondrial open reading frame.

Tissue culture-derived mutants of male-sterile and disease toxin-sensitive Texas (T)-cytoplasm maize that exhibit male fertility and toxin insensitivity carry numerous alterations in mitochondrial DNA. In these mutants, a 6.7-kilobase Xho I fragment characteristic of parental T cytoplasm has been rearranged. In the mutant T-4, the parental 6.7-kilobase Xho I fragment contains a guanine to adenine transition adjacent to a 5-base-pair insertion not found in T cytoplasm. The insertion, internal to a 345-base-pair open reading frame (T ORF13), generates a frameshift, resulting in a premature stop codon that terminates the open reading frame at base pair 222. In other mutants, the 345-base-pair ORF is part of a 3-kilobase deletion, which extends into a 5-kilobase repeat characteristic of mtDNA from T but not N male-fertile cytoplasm. Clones specific to T ORF13 hybridize to eight transcripts in T and T-4, yet only hybridize to three transcripts in T-7, a deletion mutant. Transcription of the T ORF13 region appears not to be altered in T-4, but the frameshift mutation in the T ORF13 reading frame indicates that a biologically inactive gene product could be associated with the mutational events. The results suggest that cytoplasmic male sterility and disease toxin sensitivity may be associated with presence of T ORF13 in T-cytoplasm maize.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Oral cancer education in dental schools: survey of Texas dental students.

BACKGROUND: Senior dental students at the three Texas dental schools were surveyed about their attitudes and perceptions of their knowledge and skills in areas related to prevention, detection, and diagnosis of oral cancer, and the management of oral sequelae of cancer therapy methods. A 16-item survey was distributed to a total of 251 fourth-year dental students. A total of 198 completed surveys were returned, for a response rate of 79%. RESULTS: Just over half of the students had observed a biopsy of oral tissue or read a biopsy report, but only about one fourth had actually performed the procedure. Respondents who had observed or performed a biopsy or who had read a biopsy report were significantly more likely to report that they were comfortable with their competence in performing a biopsy. Although only about half (57%) reported that tobacco-use cessation programs had been discussed in their training and only 14% had received actual training, a much larger percentage intended to provide cessation materials or training in their practices. Likewise, only a fourth had been instructed in prescribing nicotine replacement therapy, but almost two-thirds planned to do so in their practices. Most respondents felt they were comfortable with their skills in counseling patients about oral cancer risk factors, and most felt they would be able to recognize a malignant lesion. Almost all had been taught full head and neck examination technique, and most (84%) were comfortable with their skills in performing such an examination. Smaller percentages reported instruction in the management of the oral sequelae of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Future practitioners are more comfortable with skills that have been practiced in training. These data suggest that an increased emphasis on certain aspects of cancer education within the dental curriculum would result in a more confident, competent practitioner.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Automated sampling of stormwater runoff in an urban watershed, north-central Texas.

Automated samplers were used to collect urban runoff in Pecan Creek, Denton, Texas. Runoff from four storm events was sampled at four stations. Concentrations of some heavy metals (cadmium and arsenic), as well as pesticides (atrazine and diazinon), exceeded maximum contaminant levels for drinking water, but were within ranges typical for urban runoff. Calcium and phosphorous concentrations were high compared to previous studies, which was attributed to soils, building materials, and fertilizer applications in the study area. First flush samples were more concentrated than composite samples for most of the constituents analyzed, but statistically different for only five constituents. Concentrations of four constituents differed significantly among stations, and six differed significantly among storms, due to variations in land use, channel composition, and storm conditions. Overall, the automated samplers were an effective way to sample urban runoff in Pecan Creek.

Automation↗