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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Depressive symptomatology during pregnancy: evidence for an association with decreased fetal growth in pregnancies of lower social class women.

The relationship between depressive symptom scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; L. S. Radloff, 1977) at each trimester of pregnancy and a decrement in either fetal growth or gestational duration was evaluated among 666 pregnant women. There was no association overall, but among 222 women from lower occupational status households, each unit increase on the CES-D at 28 weeks gestation was associated with a reduction of 9.1 g (95% confidence interval [CI] = -16.0, -2.3) in gestational-age-adjusted birth weight. When missing data were multiply imputed, the estimate was -4.6 g (95% CI = - 10.7, 1.5). CES-D score was unrelated to fetal growth or gestational duration in analyses among other potentially high-risk subgroups: smokers, women with a history of adverse outcome, and women with social vulnerabilities. These results raise the possibility that among lower status women, depressive mood may be associated with restricted fetal growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mortality of medical practitioners in Japan: social class and the "healthy worker effect".

To assess patterns of mortality in Japanese medical practitioners, we compared the mortality of male physicians in a Japanese prefecture with that of eight major working populations, the nonworking population, and the general population of all Japan and of the prefecture. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated. All-causes mortality in medical practitioners aged 25-64 years was significantly higher than that of administrative and managing workers (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 228); it was significantly lower than that of the nonworking population (SMR = 23). Physicians were found to have higher cause-specific mortality for pneumonia and bronchitis and for ischemic heart disease than the total working population. These findings suggest that the previously reported low mortality of physicians reflects principally their high socioeconomic status; within the professional class, the mortality of medical practitioners compares unfavorably with that of other persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Quality-adjusted life years lost to arthritis: effects of gender, race,and social class.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the public health impact of self-reported arthritis in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Years. METHOD: The Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) is a general measure of health-related quality of life that scores levels of wellness on a continuum between death (0.0) and optimum functioning (1.0). Values for the QWB were imputed for the National Health Interview Survey. These estimates were adjusted for mortality based on the life tables. Age-specific estimates were obtained for those reporting arthritis and compared to estimators for the population not reporting arthritis. These estimates were broken down by race (white versus nonwhite), gender and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: The expected life years lost because of arthritis were 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.40-2.32 years). Arthritis was reported more often among those of lower income, those living in rural areas, those of lower educational attainment, and older respondents. Men and women did not differ in rates of reporting arthritis, but men with arthritis had lower QWB scores than women with arthritis. CONCLUSION: Arthritis has a significant public health impact.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Seat belt legislation and seat belt use: effects on differences related to sex, social class and smoking.

As part of a larger study of preventive health behavior, 177 adults answered a question about how often they wore seat belts both before and after seat belt legislation was introduced in Britain. Analyses by smoking status, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) showed that all groups increased the frequency of self-reported seat belt use after the law was introduced. Regression analyses showed that before the law, SES, sex and general preventive behavior were significant predictors of seat belt use, while only SES was a significant predictor of post-legislation seat belt use. Overall the results suggested that seat belt legislation was effective in promoting seat belt use since most of the demographic differences were eliminated by the legislation.

Adult↗