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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Traumatic arteriovenous fistulae of the scalp.

Two cases of traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the scalp are described. To our knowledge, only six such cases with angiographic correlation have been previously reported in the literature. While the clinical diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula of the scalp is often not difficult, angiography plays an important role in guiding the surgeon by demonstrating multiplicity of feeding vessels and their origin from various trunks. One of our cases showed feeding vessels from the occipital artery and cervical branches of the vertebral and subclavian arteries. Our second case revealed superficial temporal and occipital arteries to be the feeding vessels. Total excision of the arteriovenous fistula rather than simple ligation should be performed to prevent recurrence, which results because of extensive collateral supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Kerion celsi. Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of deep trychophytosis of the scalp].

Kerion Celsi (scalp ringworm) is a highly inflammatory, suppurative fungal infection of the scalp caused by zoophilic dermatophytes transmitted from animals to man. The clinical picture extends to patchy infiltrated suppurative lesions in which hairs are broken or eliminated completely. Diagnosis is performed by detection of the organisms in or around the hairs involved and through culture. Kerion Celsi is treated with griseofulvin orally in combination with local symptomatic and antimycotic therapy. In the beginning systemic glucocorticoids might possibly be of help reducing the risk of scar formation and irreversible alopecia.

Child↗
PubMed1980

The combined multidisciplinary approach to invasive basal cell tumors of the scalp.

Deeply invading tumors of the scalp present numerous extirpative and reconstructive problems requiring the combined expertise and skills of both medical and surgical disciplines. We have employed a combined multidisciplinary approach to recurrent tumors of the scalp and calvarium. Intraoperatively, a fresh-tissue mapping modification of Mohs' histographic surgical technique is performed on the entire surgical specimen. This allows for total microscopic margin control of a recurrent basal cell carcinoma during a single surgical procedure. The resulting defect is immediately reconstructed by myocutaneous free flap transfer using microvascular techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Colorectal cancer presenting with a cutaneous metastatic lesion on the scalp.

Cutaneous metastases occur rarely with colorectal adenocarcinoma, accounting for approximately 5 percent of all cutaneous metastases. Cutaneous metastases from colonic cancer are most often located on the abdominal skin. The case we describe here is unusual because colorectal adenocarcinoma rarely metastasizes to the scalp. A review of the English language literature revealed only six reported cases of cutaneous metastases from a colonic adenocarcinoma to the scalp.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[The surface anatomic observation of cerebral porecentral and postcentral gyrus for scalp acupuncture].

10 heads of adult cadaver were used for investigation of the motor and sensory area of scalp acupuncture. The results are as follows: both the surface anatomy of precentral and postcentral gyrus were not exactly match with the motor and sensory area described in acupuncture textbook respectively. They were backward. Among them, the upper points were 0.5cm backward to motor area and 1.0cm to sensory area, the lower point of precentral gyrus was 1.0cm posterior to the intersecting point of the eyebrow--occiput line and the anterior border of the natural line of the hair at the temple, while the lower point of postcentral gyrus is 2.4cm posterior to the intersecting point above described. Therefore, the authors suggested that the motor and sensory area of the scalp acupuncture should be backward and recommended: take the point 1.0cm and 3.0cm posterior to the midpoint of anteroposterior midline as the upper point of motor and sensory area respectively, 1.0cm and 2.0cm posterior to the intersecting point above described as the lower point respectively. In this way, the motor and sensory areas are better matched with precentral and posrcentral gyrus than before (P < 0.05).

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1995

Results of 3 cm excision margin for melanoma of the scalp.

Local recurrence and survival were evaluated in 19 patients with melanoma of the scalp after conservative local treatment using a standard protocol of 3 cm excision margins and split skin grafting. Sixteen men and three women had a mean age of 46 years. 12 presented with stage I disease, one with stage II, five with stage III, and one with stage IV disease. Nodular melanoma was present in 16 patients. 17 patients had either Clark level IV or V lesions and mean Breslow depth was 3.4 mm (range 0.9-25). Local recurrence occurred in only one patient who had an excision biopsy performed. Six of 12 patients with stage I disease developed regional adenopathy and only 2 are alive after therapeutic block dissection. All patients with stage III and stage IV disease have died. Excision using 3 cm margin is adequate to control local disease. Scalp melanoma is a specific anatomical subsite associated with a high incidence of regional disease and has a poor prognosis. This high risk group of patients may benefit from elective lymph node dissection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of scalp involvement by Demodex folliculorum Simon ectoparasites in a pathologic-anatomic and forensic medicine autopsy sample].

29% of unselected pathological and forensic autopsy cases revealed mites of the species Demodex folliculorum longus and brevis in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the scalp. The attack by these parasites was equal in male and female subjects and correlated to the number of sebaceous glands but not to the density of hair follicles. However there was a tendency to an increased number of parasites inhabiting the scalp of people of advanced age, dark hair colour or with a bald head. A chronic lymphocytic infiltration of the skin was conspicuous in more than 70% of cases with Demodicosis folliculorum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Surgical excision of scalp mycetoma due to Nocardia.

A 60-year-old patient presented with a mycetoma of the scalp with multiple chronic sinuses due to nocardiosis of the scalp. Recurrent bleeding from the sinuses necessitated surgical excision which led to a gratifying result. The case illustrates the importance of fungal culture in the diagnosis of cutaneous lesions and emphasises the role of surgery in mycetoma that are resistant to conventional therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Rudimentary meningocele presenting with a scalp hair tuft. Report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Rudimentary meningoceles represent a developmental anomaly in which meningothelial elements are found in the skin. The majority of rudimentary meningoceles occur on the scalp over the occiput or along cranial suture lines. They are usually recognized at birth and present as a pink papule or nodule or an area of alopecia. OBSERVATIONS: We present two patients who presented with a scalp hair tuft at birth over a rudimentary meningocele. This finding has not been previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: Rudimentary meningoceles are uncommon developmental anomalies that are of clinical importance due to the occasional presence of connection to the central nervous system. Due to this potential for central nervous system connection, any midline lesion in an infant, including midline hair tufts, deserves careful preoperative evaluation including imaging studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The transversely sectioned scalp biopsy specimen: the technique and an algorithm for its use in the diagnosis of alopecia.

The discussion of the transverse section scalp biopsy specimen technique review of the microanatomy of the scalp in transverse section, and algorithm outline hopefully will be a useful starting point for the dermatopathologist and dermatologist interested in exploring the potential of this technique in the diagnosis of alopecia. These procedures are not without limitations and further refinements are essential, but they can be a valuable aid in the diagnosis of alopecia.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

[Erosive pustulosis of the scalp. A spongiform pustular dermatosis?].

A case of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp is reported. The lesions were eroded with crusting and pustule formation and were localised on the scalp. Investigations for infection, autoimmunity, vascular or tumoral aetiology were negative. Skin biopsy revealed non specific inflammation as usually, but also showed spongiform pustule formations which had not previously been described. Topical corticosteroid therapy dramatically improved the lesions. The pathogenesis of this disease is discussed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

Scalp topography of event-related brain potentials and cognitive transition during childhood.

This study examined the relation between cognitive development and the ontogenesis of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during childhood. First, the level of cognitive development was assessed in girls between 5 and 7 years of age with a standard Piagetian conservation kit. Then these children performed 2 experimental tasks: a visual selective attention (oddball) task and an experimental analogue of the Piagetian conservation of liquid quantity task. The oddball task required the child to count silently the number of rare stimuli presented in a series of frequent stimuli. The ERPs elicited in this task showed a positive wave with a centroparietal scalp distribution and a maximum amplitude at around 600 ms poststimulus. In the experimental analogue of the conservation of liquid quantity task, the child was presented with a choice stimulus requiring a left- or right-hand button press. The proportion of correct responses discriminated successfully between conservers and nonconservers as established by traditional Piagetian assessment procedures. The ERPs obtained in the experimental analogue of the conservation task were characterized by a broad positivity with a centroparietal scalp distribution. The broad positivity discriminated significantly between nonconservers and conservers but not between age groups. These findings received additional support from topographic and symmetric dipole analyses of the ERPs. The results of the dipole analysis suggested more anterior ERP sources for the nonconservers during the early part of stimulus analysis and more lateralized ERP sources for conservers during the later part of information processing. It is concluded that ERPs may provide a window on the relation between brain maturation and stage-wise cognitive development.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

[A case of a giant epidermoid cyst on the occipital scalp].

The authors report a case of a 61-year-old woman presenting with a giant mass on the occipital scalp. The patient had no neurological deficits and was of normal intelligence. The lesion was soft and covered by an unremarkable epidermis. The preoperative radiologic evaluation was made by CT, MR Imaging, and by cerebral angiogram. The mass produced an inhomogeneously low-intensity signal involving also a high-intensity signal. It was shown, on the T1 weighted image, that it did not communicate with the intracranial space, and there was no gadolinium-enhanced lesion. MR Imaging was superior to CT in the evaluation of the giant mass on the scalp and was particularly useful in surgical planning. At surgical resection, a soft fluffy, white-colored tumor which measured 16 x 10 x 7 cm was totally removed. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was epidermoid cyst.

Epidermal Cyst↗
PubMed1993

Black spots on the scalps of schoolchildren. A recurrent condition in the windy west.

During the past 10 years, epidemics of black spots on the scalps of schoolchildren have caused considerable concern in at least 4 communities in the Rocky Mountain states. We describe the clinical presentation of "black spots" in a group of Wyoming elementary school students and the epidemiologic investigation that revealed the cause. Our study included a questionnaire survey of students' parents, examination of students at the affected school and at two other schools, observation of playground activity patterns, and laboratory analysis of specimens taken from affected children and from the school environment. The black material in the scalp spots was chemically identical to flakes of black material found on the playground and tar from the school roof. We concluded that the spots were caused by flakes of windblown tar from the school roof. Previous outbreaks of black spots may have had a similar cause.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1993

Malignant neoplasms of the scalp. Etiology, resection, and reconstruction.

Malignant scalp neoplasms initially spread by radial extension with deep invasion occurring relatively late in the course of disease. Basal cell carcinomas have the highest incidence followed by squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas. Surgical excision provides the best chance of cure in the majority of cases. Tumor histology influences decisions about margins of resection and regional lymph node dissection. Primary closure usually can be obtained for scalp defects measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Larger defects can be reconstructed with skin grafts, local flaps, musculocutaneous flaps, free flaps, or transposition flaps following tissue expansion.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

The subgalea-periosteal turnover flap for reconstruction of scalp defects.

Subgalea-periosteal flaps were successfully used in a turnover pattern to reconstruct two scalp defects with exposed calvaria caused by tumor ablation. A copious vascular network of the subgaleal fascia in the base and its attached lateral territories provide adequate blood inflow for the turnover flap. The periosteum is included in the flap to protect the blood supply of the subgaleal component from damage during dissection, and its uniform surface constitutes an ideal bed to receive skin grafts. The tissue is readily available and a large flap can be created in a single surgical step without deformities or sequelae left in the donor area. The subgalea-periosteal turnover flap overlaid with skin graft seems to make reconstruction of the complicated scalp defect much simpler and straightforward.

Adult↗