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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Work-related burns: a 6-year retrospective study.

During the 6 years from July 1984 to May 1990, 193 patients (30.2 per cent of all patients) were admitted to our regional adult burn centre, for treatment of work-related burn injuries. The median age of patients was 32.5 years (range 18-64 per cent), and 94 per cent were males. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients came from metropolitan Toronto, and 40 per cent from rural Ontario. Most of the patients (97.3 per cent) were referred to the burn centre within 24 h of their injury. The most common aetiology was electrical injury (29.5 per cent), followed by flame (24.4 per cent), contact (10.4 per cent), flash (9.8 per cent), tar and asphalt (9.3 per cent), scald (7.8 per cent), chemical (5.1 per cent), steam (4.7 per cent) and grease (1 per cent). Within the electrical burn group, about one-half were flash burns, one-quarter were clothing fire injuries, and one-quarter were contact injuries. These occupational burns tended to be extensive injuries. The median body surface area (BSA) was 16.5 per cent, with a median full thickness (FT) component of 5.0 per cent. The average length of stay was 20.0 days. Inhalation injury requiring intubation occurred in 14.8 per cent of patients. Sepsis--confirmed by positive blood cultures--developed in 14 per cent of the patients, at an average time of 8.8 days postburn. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated from blood cultures. Pneumonia occurred in 6.3 per cent of patients. A total of 207 surgical procedures was performed on 113 of the 193 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

An analysis of childhood burns in Kuwait.

A prospective study of 394 burned children (in-patients) up to the age of 12 years old was carried out for the period from January 1984 to December 1986. They were categorized into three age groups, the infants and toddlers 0-2 years, early childhood 3-6 years and late childhood 7-12 years. In the first two groups scalding was the predominant cause of injury, while in late childhood there were many more flame burns. Ninety-five per cent of the accidents occurred at home and the majority happened in the presence of parents. The presence of parents was not a deterrent to the accident but ensured speedy transport to the hospital. In our review 3 per cent of patients sustained more than 50 per cent BSA burns, there were 12 deaths with a mortality rate of 3 per cent. An intense campaign to make parents aware of the risk factors and their avoidance is required to reduce the number of burn accidents.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1992

Burn injuries in the Dong Bei area of China: a study of 12,606 cases.

This survey analyses data from nine Chinese burn units with respect to age, causes, severity of burn injury, and survival or death of patients admitted to hospital during the past 10 years (from January 1980 to December 1989). Of 12,606 burned patients treated, 3391 were children (26.9 per cent) and over half the children (52.3 per cent) were up to 4 years old. Almost 60 per cent of the 12,606 patients treated were in the young adult group (15-44 years), and 86.9 per cent of 12,606 patients sustained thermal injuries mainly from fire flames followed by scald injuries (40.7 per cent). About 93 per cent of the patients had burns covering less than 50 per cent of the body surface area. The overall mortality rate was 1.24 per cent. The LD50 for the 12,112 patients less than 60 years old was a burned surface area exceeding 80 per cent of the total body surface area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An epidemiological study of burn patients hospitalized in Valencia, Spain during 1989.

A retrospective study has been made of the patients hospitalized in the Burn Centre of La Fe Hospital in Valencia (Spain) during 1989. Of the 1825 patients seen during this period, 146 (8 per cent) were admitted to hospital. The mean patient age was 31.42 years, 68.5 per cent of the patients were male; 34.1 per cent were children under the age of 15 years and 15 per cent were over 60 years old. Fire was the most common cause of burns (50 per cent), and produced the most extensive lesions. Electrical current and firm contact with hot surfaces caused deeper burns. Thermal lesions were most frequently produced within the domestic environment. Burns caused by fire affected mainly the head and neck, scalding tended to involve the trunk and electrical current caused injury to the limbs. Half the hospital admissions were discharged within 15 days. Most of the lesions requiring hospital admission occurred during the winter months.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1992

The interaction of burn injury and zinc nutriture as assessed by the humoral response to sheep red blood cells in a burn rat model.

Clinical and animal studies suggest that burn injury induces alterations in zinc metabolism. It also has been established that zinc nutriture can cause alterations in the immune response, but there is a paucity of information concerning the interrelationship between burn injury, zinc nutriture and the immune response. In the present study, rats were subjected to full skin thickness dorsal scald injuries covering 30 per cent of the total body surface and then maintained on sufficient or deficient zinc intake. The rats were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on day 6 postburn and killed 4 days later. The spleens were excised and spleen lymphocytes isolated and used in a Jerne plaque assay to determine the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC). The burn/zinc-sufficient regimen significantly increased (P less than 0.01) the PFC response when compared to unburned zinc-sufficient or zinc-deficient control rats. Burned rats that were maintained on a zinc-deficient regimen showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in PFC when compared to burned rats maintained on a zinc-sufficient regimen. This study indicates an interaction of zinc in the primary humoral immune response following thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Paediatric burns in Jaipur, India: an epidemiological study.

This retrospective review contains 127 paediatric burns up to 14 years of age admitted to the Burn Unit of the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, SMS. Medical College, Jaipur over a period of 1 year from January 1990. Epidemiological data include age, sex, seasonal variation, place of burn, family size, economic status, period of time between the accident and admission to hospital. The cause and mode of burn, the relationships between mortality and age, cause of burn and extent of burn are discussed. Most of the burn injuries occurred in the winter months between December and March. Males were affected predominantly. The majority of the burns occurred at home. Most of the patients belonged to the low socioeconomic strata and were members of medium or large size families. The commonest causes of injury were scalds in children under 5 years of age and flames in the older children. The overall mortality was 19.68 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prehospital care of burns: an analysis of 3 years use of the emergency physician system (EPS) Cologne.

Little information is available about the vital parameters of burns victims shortly after the accident. Therefore cases of burns, electrical and caustic injuries presenting to the Cologne Emergency Physician System over 3 years (n = 262) were prospectively studied and analysed. The average incidence in Cologne, Germany (population 1 million), of burns victims attended by the Emergency Medical System and emergency physicians at the scene was 74 adults and 14 children per year. Children are mainly injured by scalds (41.4 per cent); adults by fire accidents (43 per cent). A classification of the victims at the site of the accident according to their vital signs (Trauma Score (TS) after Champion H. R., Sacco W. J. and Carnazzo A. J. et al. (1981) Trauma Score. Crit. Care Med. 9, 672) showed, that in spite of a major burn injury, the vital signs were usually not or only slightly impaired. Subsequent measurements instituted by the emergency physician at the scene increased with decreasing initial TS. With TS = 14, 50 per cent of the patients were intubated; below 14 points nearly 100 per cent. The fluid administered also increased with a decreasing TS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Paediatric burns in central Finland between the 1960s and the 1980s.

This study comprised 359 paediatric burn-injury cases. The patients were collected from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, taking 4 years from each decade. These children were treated exclusively in the Paediatric Surgery Department in the University Hospital of Tampere, Finland. We were interested in the backgrounds and living environments of our patients as well as the children themselves. Special attention was paid to risk factors and methods for prevention. Scalds at home and in the sauna rooms constituted the largest groups of injuries. The number of hospitalized patients has slightly decreased during the past three decades, whereas the proportion of girls has increased. The mortality was very low (0.28 per cent), a single case. This study shows that 80 per cent of born injuries in children occurred under the age of 4 years and over 80 per cent of all burn injuries involved hot liquids; modern kitchen technology has not significantly reduced this factor. The epidemiological profile of paediatric burns changed from the 1960s to the 1980s less than expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Burn epidemiology: the Pink City scene.

This report describes the statistical analysis of 629 burn patients treated between January 1989 and August 1990. The analysed data include age, sex, cause of burn and mortality in relation to age, cause and extent of burn injuries. Additional information with regard to socioeconomic status, marital status, place of burn, family size, type of burn, time of accident and time between injury and hospital admission was obtained from analysis of 271 of the 629 patients admitted between January 1990 and August 1990. In our series, adolescent and young adults (11-40 years) comprised 64.8 per cent of the patients. Males formed 54 per cent and females 46 per cent of the total burns. 82.65 per cent of the patients received their burns at home. Most of our patients belonged to the low or lower middle socioeconomic strata and had large families. 95.5 per cent of the burns were accidental in nature. Flame burns comprised 67.9 per cent and scalds comprised 16.4 per cent of the total burns. The overall mortality rate was 48.3 per cent. The mortality rate was comparatively low in children (20.1 per cent). Flame burns resulted in maximum deaths (62.1 per cent). In patients with over 40 per cent burns, the mortality was about 80 per cent. There were no survivors in patients with over 70 per cent TBSA burns in our series.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1993

Multivariate influence of inositol phosphates on cAMP: interrelationships between signal transduction mechanisms in burn trauma.

The systemic effects of burn trauma impact on multiple systems of the body, affecting cell metabolism and function. This work examines the multivariate dependency of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on three different forms of polyinositol phosphates in burn trauma. Burn injury was achieved by scalding predefined areas corresponding to 0, 20 and 50 per cent of the body surface area (BSA) on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of mice. At day 21, following twitch studies, cAMP levels in the gastrocnemius muscle were measured by 125I-labelled radioimmunoassay procedures. The levels of various polyinositol phosphates (inositol 1 phosphate (I1P), inositol 1,4 biphosphate (I1,4P2) and inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (I1,4,5P3 or IP3)) were measured using myo-[2-3H]inositol. Through multivariate analysis, the dependency of cAMP was determined with respect to these three polyinositol forms as the independent factors. The contribution of each of these independent parameters was assigned to three-dimensional axes. Vector analysis determined the relationship of cAMP to each of the independent parameters in control, 20 per cent and 50 per cent burn groups. This vector analysis clearly illustrated the changing relationship that existed between the two signal transduction systems (sts) in control and burn groups. An understanding of these changing interrelationships may be useful in developing new means of treatment of a number of the systemic effects of burn trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of burns in the Tel Aviv area.

Between 1 August 1988 and 31 January 1992, 421 burn patients were admitted to the Burn Unit at Beilinson Medical Center. Name, age, sex, month of the year, cause of burn, area and degree of burn and duration of stay in hospital were recorded. Of these patients, 37 per cent were treated surgically and the remainder were treated conservatively. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Burns occurred most frequently in July and January; the peak average age was the first decade of life. The most frequent cause in children was scalding (domestic burns), and in adults open fires (work accidents). Patients treated by early tangential excision and skin grafting (204 operations on 157 patients) had a shorter stay in hospital than conservatively treated patients. In accordance with others, we suggest that early surgery of burn injuries decreases morbidity and mortality and leads to better aesthetic results and improved motor function. Secondly, burn injury can be prevented in children and the elderly by increasing safety measures at home, and in adults by enforcing strict safety measures at work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Burns in the disabled.

A retrospective analysis of 812 patients admitted to the Ross Tilley Burn Centre between 1984 and 1992 resulted in 37 cases of burn injuries which were directly related to premorbid disabilities. The majority of these burns (83.8 per cent) occurred in the patient's home, most commonly as scald injuries in the bath tub, the shower, or following hot water spills. Nineteen patients were male, 17 were female. The median age was 58 years. Six patients had spinal cord disorders: four had traumatic cord damage, two had spina bifida. Six patients had seizure disorders. Five of these patients had been taking anti-seizure medications, but all had subtherapeutic blood levels on admission to hospital. Two patients had diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathies. Thirteen patients had four miscellaneous neurological disorders, including: tardive dyskinesia (two), CVA (four), Parkinson's disease (two), Alzheimer's disease (two), cerebral palsy (one), multiple sclerosis (one) and blindness (one). Three patients had a diagnosis of syncope. Two patients had emphysema, and four were morbidly obese. The average length of stay (LOS) for the disabled patients was 27.6 days for a median burn size of 10 per cent body surface area (BSA), compared to an average LOS for the general population of 25.7 days for a larger median burn size of 21 per cent BSA. The mortality rate was also much higher in the disabled population (22.2 per cent vs. 6.0 per cent). Most of these burn injuries were preventable. A series of burn prevention guidelines is presented, in an attempt to reduce the incidence of these burn injuries in disabled patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A 3-year epidemiological review of burn unit admissions in Dublin, Ireland: 1988-91.

A retrospective multifactorial epidemiological study of all patients admitted to the Burns Unit, St James's Hospital, Dublin during a 3-year period from January 1988 to December 1990 was undertaken. One hundred and twenty patients were admitted. All patients were aged over 14 years. The mean patient age was 48.2 years. Males accounted for 56 per cent of admissions. The mean percentage body surface area (%BSA) burned was 24.9 per cent. Flame was the cause of burns in 60 per cent of cases and produced the most extensive lesions. The home was the most common site of injury. Almost half the patients admitted from residential institutions sustained their burns in hot baths. Those aged over 60 years sustain smaller burns but are at increased risk from thermal injury. Twenty-one per cent of burns were caused by open fires used for heating the home. The mean time in hospital was 49.9 days. Twenty-three per cent of patients died as a result of their injuries. We have identified those living in residential institutions to be at increased risk from scald burns and suggest methods by which they may be protected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Phenol burns and intoxications.

Phenol burns and intoxications are life-threatening injuries. Roughly 50 per cent of all reported cases have a fatal outcome. Only a small number of cases have been reported with high serum concentrations after phenol burns who survived. In our own experience a patient with 20.5 per cent total body surface area deep partial skin thickness phenol burns and serum concentrations of 17,400 micrograms/litre survived after immediate and repeated treatment of the scalds with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silver sulphadiazine. A literature review of experiences with phenol intoxications reveals the advantages of PEG application. Questions on the need for enforced diuresis and haemodialysis as well as the initial treatment procedures are discussed. Advantages of different solutions for local therapy are reported.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiological determinants of burns in paediatric and adolescent patients from a centre in western India.

A 1-year prospective study of 112 burn patients up to 19 years of age aimed to identify and study the determinants and mortality experiences in these burn patients and found flame burns to be the commonest, followed by scalds and electric burns. All burns other than those caused by electricity were commoner in females, more so between 15 and 19 years of age. Burns were more frequent in winter and 85 per cent of them were domestic. Nearly all burns took place during day time with a higher incidence between 06.00-09.00 h and 14.00-21.00 h. The patient fatality rate (41.1 per cent) was associated with total burn surface area. Referral time-lag was an important determinant of mortality especially in less severe burns. As would be expected, hospital stay was significantly longer in survivors.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

Aetiology of burn injuries in childhood in Casablanca, Morocco: epidemiological data and preventive aspects.

A retrospective epidemiological study is reported concerning burn injuries in 775 children hospitalized at the unit of burn care of Casablanca between 1985 and 1993. The mean age was 3 years and 8 months; 69.9 per cent of the patients were below 5 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.43 to 1.0. The most common agents were scalding liquids (69.1 per cent) followed by flames (15.2 per cent). The authors underline through this report that preventive measures depend closely on the regional, environmental and sociocultural specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Procel burn cover used as a total body dressing in burns.

A 26-month-old boy sustained a scald injury covering 83 per cent of his total body surface area (TBSA). He also developed sepsis and multiorgan failure (MOF). Locally he was treated with Procel burn cover and silver sulphadiazine cream (SSD) for 23 days. By using Procel, the dressing-change time was shortened significantly. Procel burn cover controlled core and skin temperature more effectively compared to conventional dressing, and the staff acceptance increased because of its easy and fast use. Based on our observation, this material can be used successfully as a total body dressing with children with extensive partial thickness burns or temporarily in full thickness burns until wound excision can be performed.

Bandages↗