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PubMed1986

Practice, problems and compliance with postural drainage: a survey of chronic sputum producers.

Fifty outpatients with chronic respiratory disease, who had previously been requested to perform regular postural drainage, were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their usual practice of postural drainage, their impression of its value and their problems and compliance with it. The group performed a median of one session of postural drainage lasting 15 minutes daily, increasing to two sessions lasting nearly 40 minutes daily during exacerbations of chest symptoms. Seventeen patients had difficulty finding time for postural drainage, 15 found it distasteful and in 17 postural drainage caused discomfort or pain. Twenty-seven patients were judged to be performing inadequate postural drainage, despite individual initial instruction and regular follow-up in a respiratory outpatient clinic. Other diverse reasons for poor compliance revealed by the survey are discussed and recommendations made to encourage improved compliance.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A positive view of psychiatrists and psychiatry.

A review of the literature on the personalities, mental health, and professional status of psychiatrists was the basis of a questionnaire designed to assess perceptions of these characteristics by psychiatrists themselves and by their medical colleagues. The 374 physician respondents were divided into two groups, psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists, and beliefs and perceptions were compared between the two groups and with findings from the research literature. Results revealed some differences in opinion between psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists, most notably concerning the mental health of psychiatrists. This was also the area in which the literature was least conclusive. Findings indicated, however, that physicians across specialties have a positive overall opinion of psychiatrists and their professional worth, and that psychiatrists see themselves as healthy, effective, and useful practitioners.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Faculty/student perception of organizational climates in the schools of nursing, Oyo State, Nigeria.

This study examined the influence of educational status and gender on the faculty and students' perceptions of their school climates. A self-designed questionnaire was used to elicit information from the 385 subjects (320 students and 65 tutors). Analysis using the t-test technique revealed that there were no significant differences at the 0.05 level of probability in the perceptions of: (a) faculty and students on climate variables "thrust" (t = 0.31) and "control" (t = 1.19); and (b) both sexes on climate variables "thrust" (t = 1.69), "control" (t = 1.13) and "disengagement" (t = -0.53). The conclusion therefore, is that educational status and gender have little or no influence on the peoples' perception of their school climates.

Educational Status↗

PubMed1996

The work of auxiliary nurses in Mexico: stressors, satisfiers and coping strategies.

Recruitment and retention of nursing personnel is a major problem in many parts of the world, particularly developing countries. Strategies for promoting job satisfaction can help reduce the costs of high turnover and increase the quality of patient care. As part of a larger international study on women's health, a convenience sample of 59 Mexican nursing assistants and technical nurses, categorized as auxiliary nurses, were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to elicit their perceived work-related stresses and satisfactions, as well as the coping strategies they utilized to diminish work-associated stress. Major satisfiers included self-fulfillment, providing service and working as a member of a team. Frequent stressors were interpersonal relations, "angustia" (anguish), work overload and the work environment. These auxiliary nursing personnel utilized problem-solving techniques, recreational activities, talking to family and friends and actively trying to relax themselves in order to cope with their work-related stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

An epidemiologic study of stuttering.

A questionnaire designed to assess the prevalence of stuttering and its relation with: (a) central nervous system risk factors; (b) associated disorders (allergies, migraine-type headache, developmental dyslexia history, smoking, and drug abuse), and (c) depression symptoms, was given to a general population sample of 1879 Spanish-speaking university students (mean age = 24.0). A prevalence of 2% of self-reported stuttering was found. Results indicated that the prevalence of minor brain injury or dysfunction, developmental dyslexia history, word-finding difficulties, and depressive symptoms was higher among the self-reported stutterers than among the nonstutterers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

How dentists learned about resin-bonded prostheses.

The need and value to predict how dentists learn about new information after they graduate from dental school is important to educators. The results of a simple questionnaire designed to determine how dentists became aware of and later learned about the RBP has been presented. The authors believe that CDE should play a vital role in providing dentists with the awareness and knowledge of new dental technology.

Communication↗

PubMed1985

The prevalence of binge-eating and bulimia in 1063 college students.

We used a purpose-designed questionnaire to survey the prevalence of binge-eating and bulimia in a sample of 1063 Dublin third-level students aged 17-25 yr. There were 361 males and 701 females. The questionnaire was based on DSM-III, and included a written definition of a binge and cross-check questions. Although 17.7% of males and 37% of females claimed to have had an eating binge, cross-check items reduced this to 1.1% of males and 10.8% of females who met the DSM-III definition. No male and only 7.7% of females also met the behavioural criteria under item B of DSM-III, and only 5% of females reported dysphoric mood. Excluding those experiencing fewer than one episode per week gave a prevalence of 2.8% in females and 0% on males. Previously-reported prevalences using questionnaire may be inflated due to poor respondent understanding of the psychiatric terms being used.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Temporomandibular joint surgery: a review of fifty-one operations.

The clinical records of thirty-six patients previously treated with fifty-one TMJ surgical procedures were reviewed and analyzed. Each patient was sent a questionnaire designed to elicit a perception of the results of the surgical treatment. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents reported that their TMJ area discomfort was "much better", and 94 percent would have the surgery again. Fifteen patients had preoperative interincisal openings of less than 35 mm. Of these patients, eleven had postoperative interincisal openings of 35 mm., or more with a mean increase of 13 mm. The findings of this study indicate a high percentage of patient satisfaction with the results of TMJ surgery and a general improvement in ability to function.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of changes in professional liability insurance on certified nurse-midwives.

A stratified random sample of 500 ACNM members was surveyed by mail in June, 1987, using a questionnaire designed to describe the effects of the liability insurance crisis on the practice of nurse-midwifery. A majority of the 286 respondents indicated that the increased cost and decreased coverage of liability insurance is having a direct and negative impact on midwifery practice in terms of financial burden, increased defensive interventions, increased cost of care, decreased availability of care, restricted practice privileges, and stressed employer/employee relationships. A dramatic increase in insurance premiums has occurred without a comparable increase in income. The increased use of defensive medicine reported by CNMs has produced higher costs to the public. Job opportunities have diminished due to loss of insurance coverage, physician back-up, and hospital privileges. The active political involvement of nurse-midwives is needed in order to reverse the negative effects of the liability insurance crisis.

Certification↗

PubMed1985

Factors associated with active participation in a Cancer Prevention Clinic.

To investigate factors that influence individuals at higher than average risk for cancer to seek preventive care, we studied 78 people by questionnaires designed to assess a variety of psychological, familial, and personal demographic variables. Twenty-six of these subjects (probands) had actively sought the services provided by a Cancer Prevention Clinic whereas the other subjects (nonprobands) did not initiate contact with the clinic. The results of a discriminant analysis indicate that prior involvement in cancer preventive activities, interest in cancer-specific information, and level of perceived susceptibility to cancer all contributed significantly to active participation in the Cancer Prevention Clinic. Level of psychological discomfort was found to be associated with cancer-specific variables, but did not contribute significantly to proband status. Involvement in preventive behaviors and perceived cancer susceptibility were most highly associated with familial factors, such as the proportion of first-degree relatives with cancer, whereas interest in cancer information was primarily related to perceived risk level.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Incest survivors: the relation of their perceptions of their parents and their own parenting attitudes.

The present study examined the child-rearing attitudes of incest and nonincest child sexual abuse survivors and their perceptions of their own parents' behavior. From a sample of women with a history of child sexual abuse, 40 women with children completed questionnaires designed to assess their own and their parents' child-rearing behavior in terms of the dimensions of parental acceptance and control. The data indicated that women from incestuous backgrounds had more negative perceptions of their fathers and mothers in terms of acceptance and control than women abused by men who were not related to them. Moreover, incest victims who perceived their mothers negatively endorsed autonomy promotion in their own attitudes toward child rearing. The findings are discussed in terms of (1) the lack of positive parenting models when relations with both parents are experienced as negative, (2) incest survivors' conflicts about their own early maturity, and (3) the relation of these findings to the tendency for intergenerational repetition of father-daughter incest.

Attitude↗

PubMed1983

Preventing nursing burnout: a challenge for liaison psychiatry.

The authors conducted a study to assess and compare the level of job satisfaction among five groups of registered nurses working at UCLA Hospital. Fifty-seven female nurses completed the MMPI, Locus of Control Test, Work Environment Scale, and a questionnaire designed to assess job satisfaction. Results showed that there were no significant personality differences among the five groups of nurses. Significant differences between some of the groups were found in demographic variables and in work-related variables such as involvement, task orientation, work pressure, sense of authority on the job, and perceived communication with peers or other groups in the work environment. Nurses on the Medicine unit tended to have lower overall job satisfaction than those in the other units. The involvement of the Psychiatric Liaison Service on the five nursing units is described and discussed as a possible method for providing psychosocial support to the nurses and reducing high turnover rates.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The relationship of anxiety and depression to symptoms of hyperthyroidism using operational criteria.

Twenty-six females and seven males with newly diagnosed, untreated hyperthyroidism were administered a structured questionnaire designed to identify anxiety and depression using operational criteria. By DSM III criteria, 10 patients were found to have depression and 15 anxiety. The number of anxiety symptoms paralleled the number of hyperthyroid symptoms whereas depressive symptoms did not. Prior history of psychiatric disease and family history of psychiatric disease did not predict anxiety or depression in patients with hyperthyroidism. The number with depression and anxiety was felt to be artificially inflated by the concurrent presence of somatic thyroid symptoms. Psychiatric practitioners should be careful to exclude patients with hyperthyroidism before a primary psychiatric diagnosis is made.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Respiratory disorders as a possible predisposing factor for panic disorder.

150 consecutive anxiety patients completed a specially designed questionnaire which asked for the occurrence of respiratory and other somatic disorders before the onset of their anxiety disorder. The sample was divided into 82 panic disorder patients and 68 other anxiety patients serving as controls. Panic disorder patients had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory diseases before the onset of their anxiety disorder than controls (42.7 vs. 16.2%). This higher prevalence was mainly due to a higher prevalence of bronchitis (26.8 vs. 8.8%). Differences in numbers of respiratory disorders mentioned appeared not to result from a tendency to hypochondria.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Heart beat interoception: a study of individual differences.

There were two principal aims of the study: to carry out preliminary evaluation of a novel heartbeat tracking technique for objectively measuring cardiac interoception; and to determine whether good and poor heartbeat perceivers could be differentiated with respect to other parameters reflecting individual differences in emotionality, including gender and 'emotional character'. Subjects first completed a battery of self-report questionnaires designed to measure characteristics of emotional experience, and then underwent a series of heartbeat tracking trials in which they used the index finger to tap in synchrony with their ongoing heartbeat activity (interoceptive tracking) and also with an audiotape of pre-recorded heartbeat sounds (exteroceptive tracking). The perceptual index was based on the variability of beat to tap latency. Concurrent validity findings suggested that the tracking index reflects a promising measure of cardiac interoceptive acuity. Good perceivers were found to have higher heart-rate measures than poor perceivers. With regard to 'emotional character' good perceivers had higher state anxiety, and were less emotionally expressive, although these differences were only marginally significant (P less than 0.08) with multivariate testing. Applications of the heartbeat tracking technique for further empirical evaluation of the role of interoception in emotion are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Residents' perception of their skill levels in the clinical management of adolescent health problems.

Residents in six specialty training programs completed a 126-item questionnaire designed to assess their skill or confidence to manage adolescent health issues. The residency programs studied were family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, and combined medicine/pediatrics. Although almost three-fourths of the residents were at least moderately interested in adolescent health care and 90% expected to care for adolescents, only 26% believed an adolescent rotation should be required during training. Residents generally considered themselves unskilled to manage adolescents in the areas of sexuality, handicapping conditions, and psychosocial problems. Significant differences in perceived skills were found among the specialty programs on 45% of the items presented. Resident training appears to be needed in the areas of adolescent growth and development, counseling, and sexuality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Audit of nutritional advice given to bone marrow transplant patients in the United Kingdom and Eire.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dietary advice, catering practices, anthropometry and nutritional support given to bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients in the United Kingdom and Eire and to compare current advice with published literature recommendations. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey completed by consultants and dietitians. SETTING: 43 hospitals undertaking autografts and/or allografts. PARTICIPANTS: Consultant Haematologists and Senior Dietitians. RESULTS: A 75% response rate was achieved. There is a wide variation in both dietary advice and nutritional support given to BMT patients. CONCLUSION: The wide variations in clinical practice reflect the lack of research in this area. The current problems of giving advice are discussed and some specific suggestions are made. Advice needs to be consistent and within the limitations of existing research.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1991

Senior registrars' views on training in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Fifty-three British senior registrars in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) were sent a questionnaire designed to determine their views on some of the main aspects of training in the specialty. Thirty-seven returns were received (70%), 36 completed. This paper reports and discusses the results of the survey.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗