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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Group cognitive behavioural therapy for heterogeneous anxiety disorders.

Evidence assessing the outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety is based on protocols specifically tailored for individual disorders. To date, there is little research that would assess a mode of delivery that is designed for routine service delivery in typical clinical settings, i.e. group cognitive behavioural therapy for unselected, mixed groups of anxiety disorders. The objective of this pilot study is to use program evaluation methods to assess the immediate and enduring improvements following a 12-week Anxiety Management Group. Group participants had any of 5 anxiety disorders and described related avoidance. The weekly 2-hour group sessions and daily homework tasks were guided by a participant handbook. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline and group completion (n = 70); a subset also provided 6-month follow-up data. The results from post-group scores on 2 self-report measures show immediate reductions equivalent to an effect size of eta = 0.73 (p < 0.001). The effect is maintained at 6-month follow-up. This program evaluation suggests that group cognitive behavioural therapy for heterogeneous anxiety disorders may be effective in a routine clinical setting. A more rigorous study of this heterogeneous format appears justified.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Sex education: evaluation and recommendations for future study.

This article briefly outlines the current rationale, goals, and scope of sex education programs. The available research on the effectiveness of these programs is reviewed. A majority of the program evaluation studies in sex education suffer from poor research design. Often no formal outcome assessment has been undertaken. However, the information available largely supports the notion that sex education can produce certain beneficial results, specifically in the areas of attitude, experience, and knowledge change. Recommendations for future research stress the need for more rigorous outcome evaluation, long-term follow-up, comparison of differing methods, and more detailed subjective evaluations. Of special note is that despite the fact that sex education is purported to be a preventive approach by most theorists in the area, prevention-oriented outcome assessments are conspicuously absent in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sustainable and tenable renal health model: a Latin American proposal of classification, programming, and evaluation.

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents a major problem to public health, with complex implications for social and economic structures in every nation of the world. Clearly, Latin American and Caribbean countries are not able to meet the needs of every patient requiring dialysis treatment at ESRD. Consequently, a considerable number of patients die every year as a result of lack of resources. Aware of this serious social, ethical, and economic problem, the Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension proposed a new renal health concept in the region. In December 2002, at the workshop in Valdivia, Chile, a modification to the National Kidney Foundation Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease was approved. PROJECT: According to modifications to the concept of chronic kidney disease approved in the Declaration of Valdivia, a new Renal Health Model was proposed. It consists of including orderly follow-up in patients' charts, starting from the earliest stage, and a model establishing a guideline for the reallocation of financial resources to guarantee continuity of treatment to patients with ESRD. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the Renal Health Program in health ministries of Latin American and Caribbean countries would allow for a substantial improvement in renal health prevention and management, as a result of better distribution of financial and human resources.

Health Planning↗
PubMed1999

[The SGO Health Research Promotion Program. XIII. Evaluation of the section 'Addiction Research'].

As a part of the SGO Health Research Promotion Programme a research programme on addiction research was realized. Aim of the programme was to strengthen and concentrate the Dutch research into addiction. Within the Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research (AIAR), a structural collaboration between the Jellinek Treatment Centre for Addiction, the University of Amsterdam and the Academic Hospital of the University of Amsterdam, strategic research programmes were developed on the borderland of addiction and psychiatry, notably 'Clinical epidemiology addiction' and 'Developmental disorders, addiction and psychotraumas'. The institution of a co-ordinating platform of research groups conducting socio-epidemiological addiction research improved the co-ordination of research lines in this field.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed1998

Evaluating a state agency's case management services.

Lessons learned in developing and implementing a program evaluation model for a state case management program are described. Uniformity of standards, data collection, and uniform data formats are critical components to measuring system outcomes.

Case Management↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of programs for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hypertension in work site population.

Hypertensives screened among a work-site male population were treated either with or without antihypertensive drugs according to WHO stage of hypertension, and followed up by medical teams at the work site. The outcome during 8 years of follow-up was compared between two hypertension cohorts; one (cohort 1) instituted in 1970 included 1,092 hypertensives from 11,860 employees, while the other (cohort 2) made in 1975 contained 1,190 from 10,789 persons. Age-adjusted mortality or morbidity rate from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was lower in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. Multiple regression analysis was used to adjust inter-cohort differences in factors to influence the prognosis, showed that CVD occurred less frequently in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. The results suggest that this system of controlling blood pressure is useful in preventing CVD in a large population.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: an evaluation of the friends program.

This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the FRIENDS Program in reducing anxiety and depression in a sample of children from Grade 6 and Grade 9 in comparison to a control condition. Longitudinal data for Lock and Barrett's (2003) universal prevention trial is presented, along with data from 12-month follow-up to 24- and 36-month follow-up. Results of this study indicate that intervention reductions in anxiety reported in Lock and Barrett were maintained for students in Grade 6, with the intervention group reporting significantly lower ratings of anxiety at long-term follow-up. A significant Time x Intervention Group x Gender Effect on Anxiety was found, with girls in the intervention group reporting significantly lower anxiety at 12-month and 24-month follow-up but not at 36-month follow-up in comparison to the control condition. Results demonstrated a prevention effect with significantly fewer high-risk students at 36-month follow-up in the intervention condition than in the control condition. Results are discussed within the context of prevention research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Interim outcomes for a community-based program to prevent perinatal HIV transmission.

The AIDS Prevention for Pediatric Life Enrichment (APPLE) project is a community-based program to prevent perinatal HIV infection by preventing infection in women. One project component tested a primary prevention model developed from principles of cognitive social learning theory which used street outreach and community-targeted small media materials to increase the use of condoms. Formative research was used to explore community perceptions about HIV/AIDS and to design media materials. Program evaluation employed a two-community, time series, quasi-experimental design. Annual street surveys samples individuals in areas where they were likely to encounter outreach workers. Baseline surveys found substantial pre-programmatic behavior change. After two years considerable APPLE name recognition (40%), contact with media materials (63%), and contact with outreach workers (36%) were found and norms reflecting social acceptability of condoms were more positive among women in the intervention community. Condom use at last sexual encounter rose in both communities but was significantly higher in the intervention community. Condom use also was higher among women who reported exposure to either small media or small media plus street outreach. Other self-reported HIV-prevention behaviors did not show change in the initial period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of actions of care-providers in long-term care.

While measurement of the actions of providers (process) are a vital part of assessing the quality of care in long-term care settings, instruments that are appropriate to such measurement in program evaluation, auditing staff performance, and evaluation of continuing education programs are often unavailable. Long-term care providers are therefore faced with the challenge of either selecting an instrument from the few available or constructing a new one. This article describes several scientifically acceptable measurement properties for instruments measuring the actions of long-term care providers and their application to instruments reported in the long-term care literature. Only five of the 23 instruments reviewed met four or more of the seven measurement properties.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation: methods and strategy for evaluation--Arizona.

In this report, the author describes a relatively new but novel approach for program evaluation currently underway in Arizona. The author notes the crucial importance of local initiatives in tobacco control buoyed by evaluations integrally connected with day-to-day programs and led by local staff.

Arizona↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a training program for nurses specializing in anesthesia and resuscitation in Cambodia].

Following the signing of a treaty drafted between the Cambodian Ministry of Health, Médecins Sans Frontières, and the universities of Paris Nord and Bordeaux-II, the first class of sixteen nurses completed the training in anesthesia and resuscitation, between September 1991 and June 1993. The training course took into account the special context in which the course was planned and organized. By bringing together the specific skills of non-government organizations and universities, the students obtained high quality professional skills which have become extremely rare in Cambodia, where almost all competent health-care professionals have disappeared. The results of the program were evaluated several months after the graduation. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, evaluators tried to assess if the nurses were able to apply what they had learned, if the course material was relevant, and how well the nurses adapted in terms of actual work, and professional recognition and development. Eight months after graduation, the nurse anesthetists' activities represented approximately 24% of the total activity of the departments in which they worked. Thirteen of the sixteen nurses received significant professional recognition for their responsibilities in the departments, and for their independence in administering anesthesia. The working conditions were satisfactory, and the nurses were able to correctly apply what they had learned and solve many problems. However, because the anesthesia and resuscitation departments were being set up at the time of their arrival, the nurses were not able to fully care for the patients during the pre- and post-operation periods. Objectives for improving the training courses were defined, following a detailed analysis of the results of the study. However, proper supervision of the newly trained nurses remains an essential element in maintaining their competencies and motivation. By 1997, fifty-four people (fourty-five nurses and nine doctors) should be trained in anesthesia and resuscitation. The continuation of the school depends on the possibility of the Cambodians to take charge of the program. For this purpose, two of the graduate nurses began training as teachers in November 1993.

Cambodia↗
PubMed1986

HIV antibody screening. An ethical framework for evaluating proposed programs.

We believe that the greatest hope for stopping the spread of HIV infection lies in the voluntary cooperation of those at higher risk--their willingness to undergo testing and to alter their personal behavior and goals in the interests of the community. But we can expect this voluntary cooperation--in some cases, sacrifice--only if the legitimate interests of these groups and individuals in being protected from discrimination are heeded by legislators, professionals, and the public. Yet voluntary testing is not enough. We must proceed with vigorous research and educational efforts to eliminate both the scourge of AIDS and the social havoc that has accompanied it.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

A new method for analyzing smooth-pursuit eye movements. Description of a microcomputer program and evaluation in healthy volunteers.

The study of ocular movements has been increasingly used to detect subtle pathological modifications, caused by a wide variety of neurological diseases. We have developed a new microcomputer-based method for the analysis of smooth-pursuit ocular movements induced by constant velocity targets moving unpredictably at different velocities (including velocity values as high as 100 deg/s). The ocular movements are recorded by an electro-oculographic technique using silver-silver chloride electrodes fixed near the inner and outer canthi of both eyes. The signals are amplified by two DC amplifiers after a low-pass filtering (50 Hz), sampled at 250 Hz and digitized in a 12-bit form by an analog/digital converter. For each patient's evaluation, a series of 20 sweeps of the target is generated. The data analysis, which is performed automatically by the microcomputer, is based on the calculation of four parameters: average peak eye velocity (APEV); typical target velocity (TTV); percent target matching index after saccade removal (PTMI); typical matching target velocity (TMTV) after saccade removal. APEV is calculated as the average of the peak velocities estimated from the 20 sweeps. The purpose of TTV, which is defined as the value of target velocity at which the percent gain has decreased to slightly more than one third of the maximum percent gain, is to provide an overall index of the rate at which the percent gain decreases as the target velocity increases. PTMI describes the eye performance for each value of target velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗