Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Design”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

What is the future for nurse executives?

This article describes the future role of nurse executives as designers of health care rather than respondents to internal and external environmental forces. The successful executives will be proactive, dedicated, and politically astute. These individuals will engineer vertical organizations that are empowered, fluid, and flexible. These new organizational skills will be developed through innovative executive educational programs designed at the master's and doctoral levels. Well-established executives from business, education, public health, medicine, administration, health systems, and education will become the faculty preparing these individuals. These programs will integrate other health care disciplines through an integrated and flexible approach to learning. The development of these roles will influence policy and decision making at all levels within health care.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMed1990

Methodology of ECG interpretation in the Padova program.

The main lines of the program designed for the interpretation of ECGs, developed in Padova by LADSEB-CNR with the cooperation of the Medical School of the University of Padova are described. In particular, the strategies used for (i) morphology recognition, (ii) measurement evaluation, and (iii) linguistic decision making are illustrated. The main aspect which discerns this program in comparison with other approaches to computerized electrocardiography is its ability of managing the imprecision in both the measurements and the medical knowledge through the use of fuzzy-set methodologies. So-called possibility distributions are used to represent ill-defined parameters as well as threshold limits for diagnostic criteria. In this way, smooth conclusions are derived when the evidence does not support a crisp decision. The influence of the CSE project on the evolution of the Padova program is illustrated.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1990

Training ophthalmology residents to treat patients with vision loss. Results of a demonstration program.

Ophthalmology residents attended a day-long training program designed to teach them about the rehabilitation needs of visually impaired and blind patients. A pretest measuring the participants' knowledge of rehabilitation services and their rehabilitation-oriented activities was administered before the training program and a posttest measuring the same items was administered 6 months after the program. Several of the rehabilitation-oriented measures that participants themselves take with visually impaired and blind patients increased substantially during the 6-month period as did their knowledge of rehabilitation services available in the community. The referrals made for these rehabilitation services and the participants' interactions with allied health professionals who serve visually impaired and blind patients increased only slightly. These findings suggest the need to institutionalize training for residents in the topic of rehabilitation and to allocate time within their schedules for making referrals and working cooperatively with allied health professionals.

Blindness↗
PubMed1990

CHEMLEARN: microcomputer-based training for CHEMLINE, an alternative to formal classroom training.

CHEMLINE (CHEMical Dictionary OnLINE), the National Library of Medicine's online chemical dictionary file, is primarily used by librarians and information scientists to enhance the retrieval of bibliographic information associated with chemical substances. This paper will discuss CHEMLEARN, a microcomputer-based training program designed to provide inexpensive, easily accessible self-instruction as an alternative to formal classroom training in the use of CHEMLINE. CHEMLEARN allows novice users to learn at their own pace and with considerable program feedback. In addition, it provides the skilled searcher with a way to reinforce or recall previously learned search techniques without incurring online charges. CHEMLEARN may be used in place of formal training or as a precursor to or a refresher following formal training.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Health education for nurses in Japan to combat child abuse.

A health education program for nurses was conducted to address the complex problem of child abuse, which has reached epidemic proportions. In Japan, the number of consultations has risen 23-fold over the past 11 years. Maltreatment of children is a public health problem as perilous as any contagious disease. The International Council of Nurses asks for nurses' leadership to strengthen measures to combat abuse throughout the world. The Japanese Nursing Association has published statements for prevention, detection and support. Yet, few community-based education programs with a multidisciplinary perspective have been reported that focus on nurses, the largest group of health providers. More than 200 nurse educators, clinicians and managers met for a one-day program designed to improve understanding of the nurses' role in combatting the abuse and neglect of children and to formulate action plans. This significant health problem is addressed in the context of a health education program's needs, objectives, content and evaluation.

Child↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of performance assessment programs for medical practitioners in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United kingdom.

PURPOSE: To compare programs designed to assess the performance of practicing doctors in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. METHODS: Senior representatives of 11 organizations undertaking performance assessments were invited to provide a description of their programs, using a standardized written questionnaire. RESULTS: Collectively, the 11 organizations provide 16 performance assessment programs that operate on three levels: those that screen populations of doctors (Level 1), those that target "at risk" groups (Level 2), and those that assess individuals who may be performing poorly (Level 3). The 16 programs differ in such areas as the number of doctors enrolled, the number of assessments undertaken, the referral mechanisms, the outcomes of assessment, and in the resources provided for the task. They particularly differ in their choice of tools to assess performance. CONCLUSION: Although a uniform international approach to performance assessment may be neither feasible nor desirable, an international comparison of current practice, as provided in this report, should stimulate further debate on the development of better performance assessment processes.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women's views of cardiac rehabilitation programs.

BACKGROUND: Previous approaches to understanding participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs based on middle-aged men may not be useful to explain the participation of women. The focus group research method produces unique data about attitudes and experiences that can serve as an adjunct to other forms of data collection in an effort to develop models explaining cardiac rehabilitation participation. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the perceptions and experiences of women participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program using focus groups. METHODS: Ten women (mean age 72 years) who had recently participated in a cardiac rehabilitation program were interviewed in focus groups of 6 and 4 members each using a semi-structured interview guide. Verbatim transcriptions of the focus group interviews were analyzed by two individuals using content analysis methods. RESULTS: Results indicated that prior to participation women had no idea what to expect in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Features women liked most about the program included: (1) feeling "safe" during exercise because they were monitored; (2) peer group support during rehabilitation; and (3) pleasant, encouraging staff. Women desired more: (1) social interaction during the cardiac rehabilitation exercise sessions; (2) emotional support from staff members about all dimensions of cardiac recovery; and (3) exercise options other than cycle or treadmill. CONCLUSIONS: Several cardiac rehabilitation program design and operational features are perceived by women as not meeting their needs. Although limited by its small sample size, findings from this study provide valuable insights into women's perceptions of cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Management matters: sustaining funds for youth development programs.

Drawing on data collected through evaluations of youth development (YD) programs, including those offered in community-and school-based after-school programs, this article describes practices that support program managers' quests for funds that will sustain programs. Designing YD activities to incorporate skills building (including educational) and recreational and fun activities for adolescents can enlarge the resource pool to include funds for educational activities and youth engagement. Strong behavioral management of programs encourages youth attendance and provides a safe environment to develop positive peer and adult relationships, both of which are crucial to YD. Strong attendance, in turn, can keep program costs in line with expectations and reduce the marginal costs for additional participants. Faithful implementation of previously tested program models increases the likelihood that the program will be effective, and positive outcomes are essential to sustained funding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Perceived barriers to exercise in people with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers to physical fitness faced by individuals with spinal cord injury preventing them from participating in a physical fitness program. DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, a survey of barriers to exercise was administered to 72 individuals with spinal cord injury. RESULTS: Although 73.6% of the participants expressed an interest in an exercise program, less than half (45.8%) were currently active in an exercise program. Less than half (47.2%) reported that their physician had recommended an exercise program for them. The most frequently cited concerns about barriers to exercise fell into three areas: (1) intrapersonal or intrinsic (e.g., lack of motivation, lack of energy, lack of interest), (2) resources (e.g., cost of an exercise program, not knowing where to exercise), and (3) structural or architectural (e.g., accessibility of facilities and knowledgeable instructors). More individuals with tetraplegia reported concerns over exercise being too difficult and that health concerns kept them from exercising. Greater number of concerns was significantly related to higher levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: People with spinal cord injury face multiple barriers to physical fitness in functional, psychological, and architectural domains. Identification of these barriers can facilitate the participation of individuals with spinal cord injury in an exercise program, improving long-term health and wellness.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Age of smoking initiation as predictor in smoking cessation].

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the relationship between the age of smoking initiation and the success of the smoking cessation program. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Smoking Cessation Unit, in the University Hospital of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 2801 smokers of 10 or more cigarette per day, who started a smoking cessation program between January 1993 to December 2002. METHODS: Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain the probability of relapse. The log-rank test was used to determine relapse differences in time between groups of age at smoking initiation. Hazard ratios (HR) of quitting were estimated with a Cox model. RESULTS: The mean age at smoking onset was 15.5+/-4.1 years for men and 17.7+/-5.4 years for women. The age of onset smoking was significant for relapse during smoking cessation in men with a HR=1.42 (95% CI, 1.09-1.86), and for women who started to smoke before 14 years old compared with the reference group a HR=1.25 (95% CI, 0.76-1.49). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that age of smoking onset predicts higher rates of relapse in a smoking cessation program in men. The low motivation for cessation was in both sex a significative factor for relapse and the low and high nicotine dependence were in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Explaining variation in the effects of welfare-to-work programs.

Evaluations of government-funded training programs often combine results from similar operations in multiple sites. Findings inevitably vary. It is common to relate site-to-site variations in outcomes to variations in program design, participant characteristics, and the local environment. Frequently, such connections are constructed in a narrative synthesis of multisite results. This article uses findings from the evaluations of California's Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) program and the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS) to illustrate why it is important to question the legitimacy of such syntheses. The discussion is carried out using a simple multilevel evaluation model that incorporates models of both individual outcomes within sites and variation in program effects across sites. The results indicate that tempting generalizations about GAIN and NEWWS effects are statistically unjustified but that significant progress might be made in identifying the determinants of program effects in future demonstrations with some changes in evaluation strategy.

Employment↗
PubMed1985

Remote monitoring of evoked potentials.

The clinical value of evoked potential testing is now well established. The general availability of this form of testing is currently limited by cost of the equipment and availability of personnel not only to operate it but also to interpret the results. These limiting factors can be reduced by remote monitoring, a technique that utilizes a data program designed to transmit processed responses via standard telephone lines to a central location. The practicality of this method of testing and the considerations that should be given with regard to development of such a program are discussed.

Evoked Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new concept in cancer care: the supportive care program.

This article describes the findings of a pilot program designed to enter advanced prostate cancer patients into the hospice benefit while they are still being actively treated, but in situations where treatment is known to be primarily palliative in nature. The supportive care program (SCP) combines the medical model's goal to prolong life with the goal of hospice to palliate symptoms and improve quality of life (QOL). The concept of a SCP was developed to create a team approach where advanced prostate cancer patients who are starting investigational chemotherapy are concurrently enrolled into a hospice program. The objectives were to identify whether SCP improved QOL and continuity of care while remaining cost-effective. Data were collected on patient quality of life, performance status, use of health care resources, and costs for the 36 enrolled patients. A comparison was made to a matched set of 23 control patients. Our findings indicate that the SCP contributes to continuity of care while being cost-effective.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Early intervention for low-birth-weight premature infants: what can we achieve?

Low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants are at increased risk for abnormal development. It is unclear whether intervention programs designed to prevent the disabilities in preterm children are efficacious. This paper reviews the settings in which interventions take place (e.g. nursery, home) and to whom they are directed (e.g. infant, parent). One intervention program, the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) is reviewed in detail. The IHDP was a multisite randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of combining developmental and support services along with paediatric follow-up to reduce the developmental problems seen among LBW preterm infants. Results from all studies suggest that preventive developmental interventions for LBW, premature infants have thus far demonstrated only modest success. Future research endeavours should investigate the type, duration, critical age onset, and intensity of the intervention as well as which subgroups of LBW infants most benefit from such programs.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helping physicians manage challenging patient encounters--Part I.

In today's rapidly changing and challenging health care environment, where physicians have limited time with patients who have become more knowledgeable and demanding, the relationship between physician and patient has extra stresses placed on it. Medical malpractice litigation has increased as the physician-patient relationship has become more complex because of those stresses. In this article, some of the problems and effects of poor physician-patient interaction are explored, and a program designed to develop existing physician skills for successfully interacting with challenging patient encounters is described. In the January-February 1991 issue of Physician Executive, the author will describe the method of implementing the program in an organization.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Employing new grads: a plan for success.

The authors describe an elegant goal-driven program designed to prepare new nursing graduates to function optimally on a hospital unit by focusing first on their security and affiliative needs [belonging], and subsequently on their professional skill and knowledge acquisition. This developmental program has both a clear timeline and structure as well as well defined role expectations for the experienced RN guide/mentor, the orientee, and the unit's nurse manager and staff. The guide/mentors are carefully selected and prepared for their new roles as well. Shared goal-setting sessions are held weekly, along with three major evaluations during the first 90 days, with less frequent updates throughout the following year. This frequent feedback, reinforcement, and fine-tuning of goals allows the new graduate to gradually take on the full work load by the end of week 12 without feeling as overwhelmed or inadequate as those who are less carefully developed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Historical overview of children's health care coverage.

America's public health insurance programs reflect a deeply rooted commitment to caring for low-income families and children. This article chronicles the evolution of Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), two public programs designed to provide free or low-cost health coverage to low-income children who do not have access to private health insurance. Such a historical overview is key to understanding where the programs come from and the challenges that policymakers must grapple with in order to effectively provide health coverage to children. Depression-era maternal and child health programs created the foundation for Medicaid. Expansions of the program during the 1980s and 1990s made Medicaid the largest single insurance provider for children in the United States. In 1997, SCHIP boosted these efforts by filling the gap between Medicaid and employment-based coverage. In addition to expanding coverage, SCHIP also motivated efforts to address obstacles to coverage such as application and enrollment procedures. Together, SCHIP and Medicaid have made significant progress in providing health coverage to children in low-income families. They are the primary sources of coverage for children in low-income families. In a discussion of major challenges to providing public health coverage to children, the authors highlight some important issues that threaten current progress, such as rising health care costs and falling state revenues, gaps in coverage, and remaining barriers to enrollment and retention.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children↗
PubMed1990

The effects of training in social perspective taking on socially maladjusted girls.

A paucity of research exists concerning training programs for the development of interpersonal functioning in socially maladjusted or delinquent adolescent females. Females in a residential institution participated in a role-play program designed to enhance social perspective-taking ability. In 15 sessions girls were coached in specific social skills and acted multiple role perspectives in typical problem situations. Compared to girls in a fitness training program, girls in the role-play training program showed enhanced performance on a measure of social perspective taking. Generalized effects were also found for performance on tests of interpersonal problem analysis, empathy, and the acceptance of individual differences. Additionally, observational data indicated that role-play training resulted in increased prosocial behaviors. Role-play training had no effect on a measure of referential communication.

Adolescent↗