Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Appropriateness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Early education of patients with chronic renal insufficiency: the Healthy Start program. Case study of the anemic patient.

The Healthy Start Clinic is a multidisciplinary program that provides education and appropriate clinical interventions for patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The overall goals of the program are to delay the progression of kidney disease and improve the quality of care at the initiation of renal replacement therapy. This report shows that, compared to those who do not participate in the program, Healthy Start patients have significantly higher albumin levels and are more likely to have fistulas in place at the initiation of dialysis. The Healthy Start model suggests a new and expanded role for nurses in helping to coordinate care for this growing patient population.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing cost efficient detoxification services to alcoholic patients.

The literature was reviewed to determine whether social model detoxification programs are safe and adequate for treating persons with alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome has three stages. Each stage, more severe than the last, is reached by a smaller percentage of those withdrawing from alcohol. The literature showed that the majority of alcoholics can be detoxified safely in social model programs. These programs presented two main benefits, program cost efficiency and the patients' increased commitment to treatment compared with those treated at medical model programs. Medically operated detoxification programs appeared necessary for patients with a severe withdrawal condition at intake (abnormal blood pressure and pulse) and those with a history of severe withdrawal symptomatology. The results of the review reiterated the importance of screening clients at intake to ensure the safety of the patient and the appropriateness of the detoxification program.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Impact of a target drug monitoring program on the usage of clindamycin.

The use of parenteral clindamycin at the Health Sciences Centre had not been amendable to traditional cost containment strategies. Clindamycin was targeted through a Target Drug Monitoring (TDM) Program to improve its appropriate use. A retrospective audit was conducted to serve as a baseline. In the concurrent phase, the TDM pharmacist reviewed and assessed clindamycin cases based on approved criteria. Those cases which failed to meet the criteria were targeted in order to convert clindamycin to alternative agents. The concurrent TDM program reviewed 339 cases of clindamycin over a 32-week period, of which 76 cases (22.4%) failed to meet the criteria and were targeted. Of the 76 recommendations, 48 (63.2%) were accepted. Cost-avoidance due to direct intervention was approximately $16,000 annualized compared to $28,000 estimated from the retrospective audit. Fiscal year-end antibiotic usage indicated a dramatic decline (32%) in clindamycin use. Net savings of $37,600 were attributed to modification of physician prescribing. The TDM program was successful in identifying areas of inappropriate clindamycin use and correcting them by direct interaction with the prescriber(s).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Assessing the psychosocial and academic needs of Latino youth to inform the development of school-based programs.

A survey was made of the leaders in the Latino community from four East coast cities on the mental health, academic, and behavioral needs of Latino youth, services available to them, and recommendations to better address their needs. Of the 112 Latino leaders recruited, 46 responded to the survey, expressing their views that Latino youth experience significant stress in the United States, present behavioral and academic adjustment problems, and generally have difficulty accessing appropriate services and resources. Programs for these youth were presented as limited in number and lacking in cultural sensitivity. Community leaders endorsed the development of comprehensive and culturally sensitive programs for Latino youth in schools that address their psychosocial and academic needs.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The regulation of medical computer software as a 'device' under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Recent developments in computer software have raised the possibility that federal regulators may claim to control medical computer software as a 'device' under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the FDCA to determine whether computer software is included in the statutory scheme, examine constitutional arguments relating to computer software, and discuss regulatory principles that should be taken into account when deciding appropriate regulation. This paper is limited to computer program output used by humans in deciding appropriate medical therapy for a patient.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed1994

A comparison among different inversion methods for multi-exponential NMR relaxation data.

The inversion of data to be represented by sums or continuous distributions of exponentials is done by different algorithms and compared. The published CONTIN program presents a chosen solution with an appropriate amount of detail. An in-house program EXDISTR allows operative choice of various constraints in order to show the consequences in quality of fit of allowing various features such as extra maxima or minima. Another in-house program based on the system theory approach, IDENT, treats the data as the output samples of a linear, time-invariant, autonomous dynamic system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

A quality control program for crossmatching procedures for solid organ transplantation. The participating laboratories of the Australasian and South Asian Tissue Typing Association.

The National Kidney Matching Scheme (NKMS) allows matching and allocation of donor organs throughout Australia. Sera from potential recipients are distributed to each interstate tissue typing laboratory on a monthly basis for crossmatching in the event of a cadaver donor. Therefore, it is essential there is consensus for results between these laboratories in order for donated organs to be allocated appropriately. A quality control program conducted under the auspices of ASEATTA was undertaken for (1) panel reactive antibody characterization; (2) routine T lymphocyte crossmatching; and (3) characterization of antibody isotype by DTT treatment. These aims were achieved by distribution of (1) six sera for the determination of PRA activity; (2) 20 scrambled trays including replicate dilutions of a strongly positive lymphocytotoxic serum, high titer monoclonal antibody and negative sera and; (3) 20 trays containing sera with IgG and/or IgM antibodies. These were then evaluated by each laboratory on a panel of T cells. There was concordance between laboratories for PRA levels and antibody characterization. However, there was considerable variation in crossmatch sensitivity and reproducibility, several laboratories had carryover and others could not detect weak IgM antibodies. These results demonstrate the utility and need for ongoing crossmatch exchange programs, particularly for laboratories participating in organ exchange programs.

Dithiothreitol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer screening among women younger than age 50: a current assessment of the issues.

In the hope of resolving underlying policy questions related to the value of breast cancer screening with mammography for women younger than 50 years of age, the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute in 1997 jointly sponsored a consensus conference on the subject. While the panel concluded that the data were insufficient to endorse mammography for this age group apart from individual choice, the conclusion was not the "consensus" sought by many of those with strong opinions on both sides of this issue, and the debate raged on. Prior to the 1997 conference, and since, meta-analyses of trial data and assessments of service screening programs have indicated that breast cancer screening with mammography for women between 40 and 49 meets recommended levels of performance compared with performance in women 50 years and older, especially if programs achieve high quality and screen at 12-to-18 month intervals. Because the detectable preclinical phase is shorter in younger women who develop breast cancer compared with that in women 50 years of age or older, a key component of any screening program for those younger than 50 is an appropriate screening interval. Many of the screening programs that had historically been developed for women in their forties--and whose disappointing results contributed to the confusion and controversy about the efficacy of mammography in younger women--had a 24-month screening interval, which was not found to be of significant benefit for early detection of breast cancer in this age group. While a new emphasis of this controversy has focused on the balance of benefits and harms in women ages 40 to 49, women of all ages need to be fully informed about the benefits and limitations of breast cancer screening--more specifically, what to expect at the time of screening, and what to expect from screening. There are differences in the performance and effectiveness of mammography in different age groups of women aged 40 and older, but these differences are not so great to question the value of screening in any one group. While some questions remain unresolved, the efficacy of mammography in women ages 40 to 49 should no longer be considered controversial.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunization.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1989

[Case study: operation of a mother-child nutrition program in El Salvador].

One of the oldest international efforts in their combat of malnutrition have been the mother-child food programs (MCFP). The purpose of the study herein discussed was to detect the problems that affect the operation of the MCFP of the Ministry of Health of El Salvador, and to identify feasible measures to apply in a short term. This work analyzed the following: a) the operation of the program from the selection of the beneficiary to the delivery of the ration; b) the evolution of the beneficiaries, and c) the perception of the MCFP on mothers' part. The study covered 40 Health Services selected from all over the country; the revision of 556 children's files, and interviews to 136 mothers. It was found that the nurse is the person who plays the main role in the MCFP; that the most used criterion to enter or leave the program is the nutritional condition of the beneficiaries; that priority is given to children over pregnant women; that for most of the children there is a control kept on growth and vaccinations; and that what is mostly supervised is food handling and beneficiaries. Study of the children's files revealed that the average age of the children who enter the program is 18 months and at departure, 24 months, with a permanence of five months; and that the weight-for-age retardation when entering and leaving was similar for all the children studied, although it was different when the analysis was made by permanence and by age groups. Mothers' opinion on the MCFP permitted inference of what occurs at household levels with the donated foods; nevertheless, it is a subject that merits further study. Results of the study confirm some findings of others, although since they are specific for this Program, they allowed the appropriate decision-making for corrective measures of the MCPF.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth in a Saudi population.

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks completed gestation), the primary predictor of infant morbidity and mortality, can result from diverse biologic and sociodemographic variables. A case-control study was undertaken to determine risk factors that were significantly associated with preterm birth in our population. Pertinent data were collected by structured interviews with eligible subjects and by medical record abstraction. The study population consisted of 118 mothers of singleton, preterm, appropriate for gestational age infants (cases) and 118 mothers of singleton, term, appropriate for gestational age infants (controls). A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that significant risk factors for preterm birth were first or second trimester vaginal bleeding during current pregnancy, a previous preterm birth, inadequate prenatal care, consanguinity, maternal body mass index of < 23, and short inter-pregnancy interval. Awareness of such risk factors is essential in planning public education programs and in considering appropriate perinatal care options for women at potentially higher risk for preterm delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Self-care and well-being model for elderly women: a comparison of rural and urban areas.

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among age, social class, perceived health, self-care, and well-being in urban and rural elderly women and to validate and compare two models using these two groups. A causal model of self-care and well-being was proposed for this study based on Orem's self-care model and empirical data. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. Of the 351 elderly women recruited, 159 were in the urban group and 192 in the rural group. Two models of self-care and well-being were tested using path analysis with the LISREL 8 program. The resultant models yielded a Chi-squared of 1.98 with two degrees of freedom (p = 0.37) in the urban group and a Chi-squared of 4.20 with three degrees of freedom (p = 0.24) in the rural group, indicating good fit between the data and the two models. These two models provide guidelines for community nurses to design appropriate self-care programs for elderly women.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Anatomy of the Alzheimer's Respite Care Program (ARCP).

The Alzheimer's Respite Care Program is an innovative project designed to serve caregivers of Alzheimer's clients. This unique model offers both in-home and institutionally based respite care. Two community organizations which offer Adult Day Care respite forged a partnership to coordinate and expand their continuum of care, bringing many of the benefits of a day care setting into the home. This paper compares the original project conceptualization with its current design today. Factors affecting this evolution are explored together with program modifications incorporated to more appropriately respond to local needs. Key marketing strategies are discussed coupled with a presentation of program successes and recommendations for the future.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nurse preceptor: preparation and needs.

This article described a specific experience with a preceptor program. Problems inherent in the preceptor role were presented and appropriate solutions recommended. Each individual preceptor program has factors that are operational, however, many of the concepts and principles of preceptorship are transferable to any setting. By presenting our specific problems and conclusions, other programs may benefit. As professionals, we must continue to disseminate both our successes and difficulties so that professional knowledge can be enhanced.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1986

Antitachycardia pacing: a comparison of burst overdrive, self-searching and adaptive table scanning programs.

Eight patients with the Siemens Elema "Tachylog" generator implanted for management of paroxysmal reentrant tachycardia were studied to assess the safety and efficiency of three antitachycardia programs. The programs investigated were burst overdrive, self-searching, and adaptive table scanning. There were five males and three females aged 19-62 years. Seven had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and one had dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. Four had right atrial electrodes and four had right ventricular electrodes. Patients were studied lying, standing, and exercising in all three modes, and the appropriate long-term programs were chosen. The generator remained in a program for 1 month, it was interrogated and the memory was read, and then it was reprogrammed to a different antitachycardia mode. Burst overdrive was unsuitable for long-term use in four patients, producing atrial fibrillation in one and ventricular arrhythmias in three. In this group, self-searching and adaptive table scanning were safe and equally effective (mean number of attempts/tachycardia 6.97 and 6.3, respectively). In the four patients in whom all three programs could be used, burst overdrive proved to be most efficient, the mean number of attempts/tachycardia were 2.4 (cf 9.6 and 9.0 for self-searching and adaptive table scanning). Thus, burst overdrive was only suitable for long-term use in 50% of our patients, but when safe it was more efficient than the other two programs, especially in those with narrow termination windows on exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women.

These recommendations were developed by the U.S. Public Health Service to address the increasing epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women and their infants. The recommendations stress the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection for the health of both women and their infants and are based on advances made in HIV-related treatment and prevention. The most significant advance for this population has been the results from a placebo-controlled, clinical trial that indicated that administration of zidovudine to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns reduced the risk for perinatal transmission of HIV by approximately two-thirds. This document recommends routine HIV counseling and voluntary testing for all pregnant women and is intended to serve as guidance for health-care providers in educating women about the importance of knowing their HIV infection status. For uninfected women, such HIV counseling and testing programs can provide information that can reduce their risk for acquiring HIV; for women who have HIV infection, these programs can enable them to receive appropriate and timely medical interventions for their own health and for reducing the risk for perinatal (i.e., mother to infant) and other modes of HIV transmission. These programs also can facilitate appropriate follow-up care and services for HIV-infected women, their infants, and other family members.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1995

U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women.

These recommendations were developed by the U.S. Public Health Service to address the increasing epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women and their infants. The recommendations stress the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection for the health of both women and their infants and are based on advances made in HIV-related treatment and prevention. The most significant advance for this population has been the results from a placebo-controlled, clinical trial that indicated that administration of zidovudine to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns reduced the risk for perinatal transmission of HIV by approximately two thirds (1). This document recommends routine HIV counseling and voluntary testing for all pregnant women and is intended to serve as guidance for health-care providers in educating women about the importance of knowing their HIV infection status. For uninfected women, such HIV counseling and testing programs can provide information that can reduce their risk for acquiring HIV; for women who have HIV infection, these programs can enable them to receive appropriate and timely medical interventions for their own health and for reducing the risk for perinatal (i.e., mother to infant) and other modes of HIV transmission. These programs also can facilitate appropriate follow-up care and services for HIV-infected women, their infants, and other family members.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assessment in worksite health promotion.

The rapid expansion of worksite health promotion programs and the proliferation of service providers have resulted in increased concern about the quality of such programs. And while employers may view health promotion programs as a service to be purchased, in general, quality standards, price, and outcomes are less well established for primary prevention programs than for other medical services. This trend creates substantial potential for inappropriate expenditures, undermining the general credibility of such programs. Recognizing the limits of epidemiologic data and the potential for misuse of health promotion activities in the workplace, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) undertook the development of guidelines for employers' use in assessing the quality of the numerous employee health promotion or chronic disease risk reduction programs available to them. To make the use of such programs as productive as possible, the CDHS developed recommendations in two main areas: (1) general recommendations for six fundamental program planning and development activities that underlie sound health promotion programs, and (2) specific criteria for seven types of health promotion programs commonly implemented in work settings. Optimally, worksite-based health promotion programs should be part of a comprehensive effort that provides for appropriate medical oversight, referral, and follow-up procedures. These programs should be complemented by appropriate changes in the work environment and in organizational policies. Programs should also include strategies to assist employees in initiating healthier behaviors and maintaining the new behaviors once they are established. Preventive medicine and occupational medicine practitioners and medical directors should be familiar with the issues addressed by these recommendations.

California↗