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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The Rockefeller Foundation and the prevention of malaria in Corsica, 1923-1951: support given to the French parasitologist Emile Brumpt.

The role of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation in campaigns for malaria control in many countries has clearly been documented extensively. In contrast, the involvement of the Rockefeller Foundation in the control of malaria in France has not been reported yet. The present paper describes the way in which the Rockefeller Foundation got involved, along with the parasitologist Emile Brumpt, in the anti-malaria campaigns in Corsica, France, between 1924 and 1951. We analyze the scientific and technological strategies used for that purpose and the manner in which the Rockefeller Foundation policy had influenced Brumpt's actions. The unusually long support of the Rockefeller Foundation to Emile Brumpt (1924-1948) and to research and teaching Parasitology in the Faculté de Médecine de Paris is also discussed.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2005

Suppressive effects of Calendula micrantha essential oil and gibberelic acid (PGR) on repro ductive potential of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The volatile oil of Calendula micrtantha plant was extracted and the components were identified by Gc/Ms. Adulticidal efficiency of the volatile oil and gibberelic acid "plant growth promoting hormone" as well as their mixture was assessed against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. The result showed that the two compounds capable have characteristic resembling to insect juvenile hormones and have suppressive effect on reproductive potential. They induced the significant disturbances in the ovarian protein fraction and the amino acids patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Life table of natural Bemisia tabaci population on cucumber plants in different seasons].

The study showed that in the early growth stage of cucumber in spring, the predation on Bemisia tabaci egg was the key factor for controlling B. tabaci population, and the exclusion index of population control was 1.7333. In the late growth stage of cucumber in spring, summer and autumn, the predation on B. tabaci elder nymph was the critical factor for controlling B. tabaci population, and the exclusion index of population control was 4.5372, 4.0429 and 7.9021, respectively. From spring to autumn, the index of population development trend was decreased from 21.0610 to 5.8523, because of the increasing controlling effect of the predators, and the exclusion index of population control was from 4.0560 to 17.8662.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The activity of hydrolases of entomopathogenic nematodes.

Similar patterns of hydrolases were observed in three species representing two genera of entomopathogenic nematodes: Steinernema affinis, S. feltiae, and Heterorhabditis zealandica. The same enzymes were present in the studied nematodes but they differed in the level of activity of individual sub-classes of enzymes. A higher activity of esterases and proteolytic enzymes could be observed for H. zealandica than for S. affinis and S. feltiae. On the other hand, the activity of glycosidases in steinernematids was generally much higher than in H. zealandica.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Emergency control of Aedes aegypti as a disease vector in urban areas.

Techniques for the emergency control of adult Aedes aegypti populations and their development are reviewed. Larviciding and environmental measures provide only delayed control of adult populations. Large-scale field trials of the ultra-low volume application of insecticide concentrates in Southeast Asia, South America and Africa, using aerial, ground, vehicle-mounted and hand-carried equipment, have, in most cases, resulted in satisfactory levels of control of adult populations. Sequential or indoor ULV applications of fenitrothion have provided immediate control and sustained reduction of the adult populations, often lasting well through normal peak transmission periods of dengue. Many ULV application trials in the Caribbean have not produced satisfactory control, but it is considered that this was due to the type of house construction, to the lower dosage rates of the malathion 96% ULV concentrates used, or to inappropriate droplet sizes. While ULV applications can provide rapid and effective emergency control of vectors at the time of outbreaks of disease in urban and periurban areas, they should not be used as a routine mosquito control measure nor as an alternative to reducing vector populations by environmental measures.

Aedes↗
PubMed1986

Ground and aerial application of the sexual and asexual stages of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) for mosquito control.

Fermentor-grown cultures of the sexual and asexual stages of Lagenidium giganteum were applied in rice fields in the Central Valley near Sacramento, CA. Both ground and aerial applications of the asexual stage resulted in high levels of immediate control of sentinel Culex tarsalis and indigenous Cx. tarsalis and Anopheles freeborni larvae and provided some degree of control throughout the four-month mosquito breeding season. Oospores which were desiccated in the field following application provided consistently high larval infection levels after reflooding of the fields. Advantages of using the sexual stage of L. giganteum for field larval control are presented.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1986

Effect of nutrient concentration in culturing three isolates of the mosquito fungal pathogen, Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), on sunflower seed extract.

The requirements for soluble protein concentration in sunflower seed extract (SFE) cultures were similar for 3 isolates of Lagenidium giganteum from North Carolina, Louisiana and California. Sunflower seed extract agar containing soluble protein in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 mg/ml was satisfactory for high levels of zoospore production. It is recommended that the protein concentration be 2.0 mg/ml for both SFE agar and liquid SFE culturing media, and the protein assay be with the Bradford method using bovine serum albumin as the standard.

Chytridiomycota↗
PubMed1974

Recent developments in methods of mosquito control.

Since residual insecticide spraying in domiciles does not sufficiently control some species of anophelines to halt malaria transmission, alternate methods of control have been investigated. These include ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprays or aerosols, the release of sterile males to suppress or eradicate populations, and the use of diseases or parasites to interfere with transmission or to reduce populations of mosquitos. The ULV aerial sprays gave practical control of Anopheles albimanus in Haiti and interrupted malaria transmission. The release of sterile males almost eliminated an isolated population of A. albimanus in a small valley in El Salvador. Studies are in progress to evaluate the effect on field populations of anophelines of a protozoan disease and two nematode parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory infection of blackflies (Simuliidae) and midges (Chironomidae) by the mosquito mermithid, Romanomermis culicivorax.

Penetrating infective juveniles of Romanomermis culicivorax usually killed first-stage larvae of Chironomus maturus Johann., Chironomus sp., Simulium damnosum Theo., and S. venustum Say. Nematodes were melanized and died after they entered fourth stage larvae of 2 chironomid species, but no host reaction was evident after entry into fourth-stage blackfly larvae. In contrast, the nematodes initiated development in the latter hosts, which died before the nematodes completed their development.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The use of dragonfly nymphs in the control of Aedes aegypti.

The predatory rates of the dragonfly nymphs on Aedes aegypti were studied in the laboratory and under field conditons. Labellulid nymphs were found to predate on Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae readily. The rate of consumption was found to be 133 +/- 21 all stages of larvae per medium size nymph per 24 hours. In container habitats complete elimination of all larvae and pupae were achieved between day 4 and 9 depending on density of aquatic stages. The dragonfly nymphs as predators could be used in biological control of Aedes mosquitoes.

Aedes↗