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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Fine needle aspiration of the lung: a pathologist's perspective.

Fine needle aspiration of the lung is gaining wide acceptance as a fast, accurate, safe, and inexpensive method of diagnosing lung lesions. It provides information that eliminates the need for or helps guide surgery. If used optimally, pulmonary fine needle aspiration has a diagnostic accuracy approaching open biopsy with minimal and minor morbidity. Since fine needle aspiration has closely linked radiology and pathology, communication and understanding between these areas is of increasing importance.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

The speech-language pathologist's role in an interdisciplinary approach to learning-disabled children.

Individual and environmental factors or characteristics influence disabled learners, particularly in reference to language disorders. An interaction of various fields is needed to minimize the impact of learning disabilities on a child's education and subsequent ability to communicate successfully. Various components of communication are affected by the inability to decode and encode language. Language areas most greatly influenced by learning disabilities are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1996

Dilemmas and solutions for the pathologist and clinician encountering religious views of the autopsy.

Religious objections to the autopsy are as old as autopsies themselves. The development of anatomic studies was hindered in ancient eras, as well as in more recent times, by spiritual views occasionally hostile to the opening of bodies. This review addresses historical and recent attitudes of the three major monotheistic faiths--Judaism, Christianity, and Islam--toward postmortem examinations. Two case examples will illustrate that in many clinical scenarios in which an autopsy is desired or warranted but met with initial resistance by loved ones, a combination of patience and learned communication can pave the way to a family's understanding and acceptance of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Multicenter evaluation of the flow cytometry T-cell crossmatch: results from the American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics-College of American Pathologists proficiency testing program.

BACKGROUND: The performance characteristics and interlaboratory comparisons of the T-cell flow cytometry crossmatch remain largely unknown. METHODS: This study was performed using data from the ASHI-CAP proficiency testing program. Four unknown sera and two unknown cells were sent to participating laboratories twice a year for 4 years. RESULTS: In one survey in which different crossmatch techniques were compared, flow cytometry was slightly more sensitive than the antiglobulin method and considerably more sensitive than direct cytotoxicity. However, the proportion of participants in any given survey detecting antibodies in all sera expected to be positive was 50-60% and has not changed over the years. Failure to detect antibodies correlated with low antibody concentration, diluting the unknown serum by the testing laboratory, and with the instrument used. False positive results with normal sera were infrequent. Fluorescence intensity values were not standardized and were highly variable, but when fluorescence units reported by individual laboratories were divided by their own positive-negative cutoff values, results from different centers were more comparable. In general, fluorescence-to-cutoff ratios >5 correlated with complement binding activity, whereas values <5 denoted concentrations below those required to fix complement. CONCLUSIONS: Flow cytometry, as used by most centers, is highly sensitive and allows relative antibody quantitation. Furthermore, the data define objective parameters that may help to standardize the test and improve its predictive value in clinical transplantation.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after transplantation. The pathologist's view.

There is now good evidence that primary biliary cirrhosis can recur after transplantation. The diagnosis rests on the liver histology which may be difficult to interpret in the setting of a grafted liver where specific markers are lacking. The triggering factor(s), rate of recurrence and the precise role of immunosuppression remain to be determined.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

A pathologist's approach to interstitial lung disease.

In this review, we outline how each cellular lung component participates in the multiple entities that constitute the pathological spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is our intent to highlight the clinically important differential diagnoses. In addition, we discuss the new concepts of the pathogenesis of ILD as they relate to the morphologic presentation of the lung diseases that target the interstitium. The interaction of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells with lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts results in destruction of the lung parenchyma. These cells participate in the disease entities that comprise ILD. They are sources of growth factors and cytokines that allow intercellular communication to occur. Thus, they play a significant role in the process of lung disease.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1999

Surgical excision margins: a pathologist's perspective.

The histopathologic status of excisional margins of malignant neoplasms has long been used as a potential indicator for recurrences and prognosis. The predictive ability of the margin, however, is far from satisfactory. Perhaps nowhere else in oncologic pathology has the significance of these margins been as intensively studied as in squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tracts. This review is, in part, a critique of current applications and the clinical implications of surgical margins for the removal of squamous cell carcinomas in these tracts. Specific points addressed in this article are: 1) postremoval (artifactual) changes in measurements; 2) the impact of margin status, as currently assessed, on recurrence and patient outcome; 3) margins and conservation surgery of the larynx; 4) margins and bone (mandible) invasion; and 5) molecular (p53 and eIF4E) margins.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

Recent developments in stereotactic breast biopsy methodologies: an update for the surgical pathologist.

Recently, there have been a number of new devices introduced for stereotactic biopsy of nonpalpable, mammographically detected lesions. The vacuum-assisted core biopsy (VACB) (Minimal Invasive Breast Biopsy (MIBB), U.S. Surgical, Norwalk, CT; Mammotome, Biopsys Medical, Cincinnati, OH) obtains multiple tissue cores (11-gauge) in a circumferential manner around the biopsy probe, inserted under stereotactic guidance. It provides more complete sampling of mammographic lesions than the conventional 14-gauge stereotactic core biopsy, reducing the number of unsatisfactory biopsies. The advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI) (United States Surgical Corporation, Norwalk, CT) system utilizes stereotactic technique and an oscillating blade-cutting mechanism to obtain a single large diameter (5 mm to 20 mm) tissue core, with the aim of obtaining an intact lesion in its entirety for histologic assessment. Its potential as a treatment option is still under investigation. Suggested protocols for specimen handling are presented together with a review of the recent literature. Close liaison with radiologists and surgeons performing these biopsies will allow the collection of further outcome data to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each technique.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2000

Detection of "occult" lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: should pathologists go the extra mile?

Approximately 25% of patients with stage I (node negative) breast cancer relapse at a rate similar to those with stage II disease. Inadvertent pathologic "understaging" of lymph node status is one plausible explanation for this phenomenon. While many studies have shown that additional sectioning +/- immunohistochemical staining for epithelial markers increases the rate of detection of small deposits of metastatic carcinoma, few have had sufficient statistical power to examine the impact of "occult" metastasis on clinical outcome. This provocative update by the International Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group provides support for considering going "the extra mile" to detect lymph node metastasis in postmenopausal patients and those with the lobular subtype of invasive breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗