Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PLASTER CASTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Talus neck fractures associated to subtalar dislocations (author's transl)].

The survey literary data on the mechanism, symptoms and treatment of vertical talus neck fractures associated to subtalar dislocations, they present five cases in their practice. Reducement of the fracture dislocation, fixation by Kirschner wire was accomplished and a plaster cast was applied, for twelve weeks as an average. Avascular necrosis of the bone did not occur. The authors lay emphasis on the importance of early careful reducement and immobilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Physiologic and biochemical effects of immobilization on muscle.

Muscle strength rapidly declines during limb immobilization because of a decrease in muscle size and a decrease in tension per unit of muscle cross-sectional area. Muscle fatigability also increases rapidly after limb immobilization. Muscles within limbs fixed by plaster casts have lower levels of resting glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a more rapid depletion of muscle glycogen and ATP during work, a greater increase in lactate during work, and a decreased capacity to oxidize fatty acids during work. The greatest loss of absolute muscle mass occurs at the beginning of muscle wasting with subsequent loss of muscle being exponential. A significant decrease in the rate of protein synthesis in muscles is observable at the sixth hour of limb immobilization, which most likely initiates the net loss of muscle protein. A change in the amount of either translational or elongational factor is most likely responsible for the early decrease in this rate of protein synthesis.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

An evaluation of the bending stiffness of various tibial fixation methods.

The relative stiffness of human tibial fixation by plaster casts, intramedullary rods, external fixators, and dynamic compression plates was compared to the stiffness of the intact tibia. Four-point bending was performed on each specimen, first intact, and then after sequential instrumentation, thus allowing each specimen to serve as its own control. The mean stiffnesses obtained for the bone-device complexes, as a percentage of the intact tibial stiffness, were 113 +/- 9% for the delta frame fixator, 57 +/- 14% for the dynamic compression plate, 28 +/- 2% for the unilateral external fixator (UEF) with stainless steel sidebar, 18 +/- 1% for the UEF with aluminum sidebar, 7 +/- 2% for the flexible intramedullary (IM) rods, and 6 +/- 2% for the cast. Even relatively flexible unilateral external fixators are much stiffer than cast or IM rod fixation, methods that usually lead to satisfactory union by secondary healing. If secondary union with callus formation is desirable, modifications of the external fixator may be necessary to provide more flexible fixation. This study may be one of the first attempts to quantitate the stiffness of tibial fixation in a standard cast and compare it with other devices.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

[Congenital clubhand].

The authors report on congenital clubhand as a malformation of the radial parts of the upper extremities and point out that this malformation car occur as a part of various syndromes as well as in the framework of thalidomide embryopathy. From the morphological viewpoint, the radius can be completely or partially lacking or hypoplastic. Soft tissue defects include muscle and tendon aplasia as well as numerous anatomical variations thereof. Clubhand is usually treated conservatively, using manual rédressement exercise, rédressement plaster casts, correction splints, and occupational therapy. If, after corrective therapy, the function tests show no improvement in hand function, then this is an indication for operative treatment. In addition to our own technique, others are also described. Clubhand often recurs because the support of the wrist and muscular balance at the wrist joint are not always optimally established. The authors warn that operations can be prematurely evaluated as successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pseudarthrosis of the capitate].

A 54 years old railway engine-driver fell on his extended right hand in November 1978. In the next few hours he developed increasing pain. He reported similar slight trauma some fourteen months before, but without pain. The tomographic X-ray examination proved the presence of an isolated non-union of the capitate with some shortening. Four days after the second accident an autologous graft was performed following the technique of Matti. The non-union healed after three months in a plaster cast, and the patient returned to full work after four months. Examining him four years and nine months later, the patient complained about persisting pain when stressed. The mobility of the wrist was moderately reduced, and the healed capitate showed unchanged shortening. Isolated non-unions of the capitate can, therefore, be painless for a long time--a situation well-known with scaphoid non-unions. Considering the operative technique, a cancellous graft alone is not able to restore the function of the wrist because of associated collapse of the carpus. To obtain a better late result, the length of the capitate ought to be restored and a cortico-spongious graft inserted.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1986

A custom restraining device for small animals.

A full-body restraining device was constructed that permits the short-term recording of physiologic data (respiration, electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, and electroencephalogram) in unanesthetized rats. A plaster cast of a freshly killed 160 g rat was made and cut to yield a base and two side pieces. Using the assembled cast as a custom tray, an alginate impression of the rat was taken. Replicas of the cast pieces were then made of plastic. Animals to be tested were anesthetized briefly, placed in the restraining device, and allowed to waken. Results with 400 animals demonstrate the feasibility of recording physiologic data during acute studies in conscious rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Skewfoot ].

The deformity, congenital metatarsus adductus, has been given different names in various countries by different authors. In addition, there are both mild and severe forms, and some authors subdivide the deformity by degree. The severe form is also called skewfoot or serpentine foot, but to us these terms only appear to represent differences in degree. With regard to etiology, it has been found that a narrow uterus, for various reasons, seems to play a role, and that the foot and lower leg is rotated internally. If not treated early, the internal rotation of the lower leg increases and is frequently misdiagnosed. Conservative treatment consists, first of all, of plaster casts, with the lower leg rotated externally, the forefoot abducted, and the hindfoot supinated. The deformity itself consists of the adducted metatarsal bones and--to different degrees--a subluxation of the Chopart joint. In extreme cases there is a vertical medially directed talus and the navicular bone is displaced laterally. Different surgical procedures are discussed. We have found that the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle inserts more distally than usual at the base of the first metatarsal bone and winds itself towards the plantar side. For treatment, it is transferred to the dorsal side of the first cuneiform bone. In one child with severe serpentine feet, the posterior tibial muscle did not insert at the navicular bone but only inserted at the plantar side of the middle part of the foot. During the operation, the Chopart joint is reduced and a part of the posterior tibial tendon is led to the navicular bone.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of pediatric spastic foot deformities].

The pathophysiology of gait under the influence of cerebral-spastic leg musculature and the resulting biomechanical effects are demonstrated. The latter must be taken into account for successful treatment of functional disturbances and in the shape of the feet in children with cerebral-spastic disturbances in movement. Co-contractions in antagonistic muscle groups of the lower extremities during the second half of the stance phase, the propulsion period of the step, are the main obstacles to achieving efficient gait. The causes lie in the spastic increase of the muscle stretch reflex as well as in a defect in the reciprocal inhibition of antagonistic muscle groups. Moderate equinus gait and an increase in the normal differences in the development of force by the dorsal and plantar flexing muscles represent effective physiological compensation for these disturbances. The common secondary changes in the shape of the foot resulting from spasticity and contractures of the muscles require long-term planning of treatment, including physiotherapy, plaster casts, plastic orthoses, orthopedic shoes and, in some cases, operations, which should be delayed as long as possible during the growth phase. Premature lengthening of the Achilles tendon regularly results in iatrogenic foot deformities.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

Dynamic axial fixation. A rational alternative for the external fixation of fractures.

Conventional external fixation systems neither inhibit motion at the fracture site sufficiently to permit primary bone healing, nor do they allow sufficient motion to encourage adequate external callus formation. Healing with such systems is therefore prolonged. These methods are usually reserved for the most severe fractures when internal fixation may be contraindicated. A unilateral, dynamic axial fixation system (Orthofix - registered trademark) is described which allows for simple conversion from a rigid to a dynamic mode, and so can be readily adapted to the changing physiological patterns of fracture repair. In 288 fresh fractures a success rate of 94% was achieved, with an average time to healing of 4.4 months. The incidence of pin-track infection was only 0.6%. The contribution which the mechanical and design features of the apparatus make to the results obtained is discussed. It is suggested that the system is capable of extending the range of indications for an externally mounted system to include many cases which would formerly have been treated by internal fixation, plaster cast or traction.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term inversion stability of the ankle after rupture of the lateral ligaments.

The late results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of recent ruptures of the lateral ligaments of the ankle are compared in two groups of 52 patients. By means of a questionnaire, physical examination and inversion stress roentgenography (at an average of three years after the injury), the functional and mechanical stability of the ankle were determined. After both surgical repair and treatment with plaster cast alone, more than 90% of patients achieved inversion stability of the ankle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Results of the orthopedic treatment of scoliosis in children under 7 years of age. Apropos of 75 cases].

Seventy five children suffering from scoliosis under the age of 7 years have been treated by the authors. The treatment was commenced before the age of 4 in infantile scoliosis and before the age of 6 in juvenile scoliosis. It was based on the use of the Milwaukee brace used directly in cases of angulation less than 50 degrees and preceded by a plaster cast in other cases. The treatment was continuous with sometimes a few hours of freedom from bracing. Occasionally the treatment had to be stopped. The development of the curve was very variable. The authors have distinguished seven different types of development. The prognosis was therefore difficult to establish and was mainly based on the specific features of the progress of the curve. At puberty, deterioration was often seen despite bracing and there were many indications for spine fusion.

Braces↗
PubMed1986

[Surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children; analysis of the results. Apropos of 46 cases].

The results of surgical treatment of 46 congenital dislocations of the hip in children older than 4 years are analysed. Several techniques were used; progressive traction for a short time, stabilisation by plaster cast immobilisation or surgical reduction, pelvic osteotomy with or without combined femoral rotation osteotomy with shortening. Apart from other means of assessment, 3 radiological signs were used to determine the results - sphericity of the femoral head, coverage of the femoral head and centering of the femoral head. A new classification is proposed by the authors. Only 25 p. 100 of the results were excellent or good. The other hips had at least one radiological anomaly and 17.5 p. 100 of the hips had a non-spherical head. Cases with poor coverage of the femoral head did well when this was the only defect because this anomaly was easily corrected. In contrast, excentration of the femoral head was poorly tolerated in the long term. The degree and direction of excentration had to be assessed in the frontal plane.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

[Computed tomographic study of the anatomical modifications of the wrist brought about by section of the anterior annular ligament].

The authors have analysed the action of sectioning the transverse carpal ligament by computerised tomography in 19 patients (22 wrists) with carpal tunnel syndrome. Three cuts were studied-proximal, middle and distal, the wrist being either straight, flexed or extended. The study was done pre-operatively and three months after division of the ligament. The study demonstrated the reconstruction of a new ligament which was more lax and expanded anteriorly, despite the fact that the patient wore a plaster cast for two weeks after operation, the wrist being maintained straight. The calibre of the carpal tunnel showed an increase of between 7 p. 100 and 44 p. 100 after the operation and this increase was not related to any alteration in bone topography, which was unchanged. Thus, the role of the ligament in the permanency of shape of the anterior concavity of the wrist skeleton is questionable. The flexor tendons could expand anteriorly, thanks to the laxity of the new ligament.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Triplicate post-traumatic sciatic nerve palsy: evoked potentials in the diagnosis.

Three episodes of sciatic nerve palsy occurred after open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture-dislocation of the left hip and pelvis in a 20-year-old female injured in a motor cycle accident. There were also ipsilateral open fractures of the tibia and fibula and an open knee injury. When the palsy first developed the patient was in a hip spica plaster cast extending from the costal margin to encase the whole left lower limb. At the time of the second and third episodes of palsy she was in a left below-knee cast and it was not possible to fully assess the function of involved muscles clinically or electromyographically. Psychological factors due to prolonged disability and hospitalization were suspected as a possible cause of weakness. Therefore evoked potentials obtained by stimulation of the peroneal nerves were used to aid diagnosis. There was no response from lumbar and cerebral recording sites on stimulation of the peroneal nerve on the affected side. Diagnosis of a conduction block in the sciatic nerve was thus established. The patient recovered clinically and on repeated testing after motor recovery the cortical potential was attenuated and delayed by 15ms. Recurrent sciatic nerve palsy, occurring three times after hip trauma and with heterotopic bone formation and diagnostic application of evoked potential techniques, has not been previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A prospective, randomized study of the management of severe ankle fractures.

One hundred and thirty-eight patients with a closed grade-4 supination-external rotation or pronation-external rotation ankle fracture (Lauge-Hansen classification) who were seen in the emergency room of the University of Chicago Hospitals were entered into a randomized study of the results of various methods of treatment. Ninety-six patients with satisfactory initial closed reduction were randomized between continued closed treatment in a plaster cast and open reduction with rigid internal fixation according to the techniques of the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF). Forty-two patients with unsatisfactory closed reduction were randomized between open reduction with internal fixation of only the medial malleolus and open reduction with rigid internal fixation according to the ASIF techniques. Of the 138 patients who were admitted to the study, only seventy-one (51 per cent) could be followed for an average of 3.5 years (a typical return rate of urban trauma centers). The outcomes were evaluated by a scoring system that included clinical, anatomical, and arthritis scores. Statistical analysis of the data showed that, of the patients with initial satisfactory closed reduction, the ones treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation had significantly higher total scores, particularly the patients who were more than fifty years old and those with a medial malleolar fracture. The small number of patients with unsatisfactory closed reduction who were treated by one of the two types of open reduction and internal fixation and were available for follow-up precluded drawing any conclusions about the superiority of one method of internal fixation over the other in that group. The difference in the talocrural angle between the injured and normal sides was the only statistically significant radiographic indicator of a good prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Septic leg fractures. Value of cancellous bone grafting without skin closure, aligned on the fibula].

The authors have treated 63 septic fractures of the tibia, 29 of whom were seen less than four months after the injury; the remainder were more long-standing. In both series the surgeon faced three problems--curing of the septic drainage, skin cover and bone union. In 46 cases bone excision was considered necessary: in 18 diaphyseal resection was performed. Immobilisation of the fracture was obtained by plaster cast in 14 cases, an external fixator in 48 cases, and medullary nailing in one. Reconstruction was needed in 11 cases after closed grafting, 9 of them being tibio-fibular, and in 46 after cancellous graft without skin closure. The results in 63 cases were 61 unions: 43 primary unions, 19 additional procedures to reinforce callus and 1 amputation. In two patients union remained particularly tenuous. Two patients are still showing discharge and 9 have poor skin cover. The average time to bone union was nine months and was twelve months in cases of resections greater than 3 cms. The authors are in favour of a technique of massive cancellous bone grafting of the tibia, aligned towards the fibula with partial skin closure. This procedure leads to a firmer and more rapid bone union than the Papineau technique. Secondary bone or skin procedures were needed less often. Tibio-fibular grafting was indicated in cases of limited infection and when the main tibial fragments were still uniting postero laterally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Malleolar fractures: nonoperative versus operative treatment. A controlled study.

Ninety-two intra-articular ankle fractures were randomly selected for either open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and plaster cast. The patients were followed for an average of seven years. The initial course was more favorable in surgically reduced fractures. However, follow-up examinations showed little difference in results between the two forms of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Does traumatic occlusion change the jaw relations?].

Jaw relations were established via squashbites, and the deviations from habitual intercuspidation were measured. The evaluation of 252 squashbites indicated that 1. The mandible deviated as a result of the squashbite. The deviations are not related to the side and almost always lead to an increase in vertical jaw relations. 2. Primarily lateral deviations of the mandible are observed with unilateral squashbites. 3. Simultaneous bilateral squashbites, on the other hand, lead to left as well as right lateral deviation of the mandible. 4. The absolute values of the deviations in the sagittal direction are lowest in the middle; those directed ventrally are slightly more predominant. 5. Compared with materials containing siloxane, squashbites with plaster casts revealed no significant alterations in the qualitative deviations. 6. In terms of direction and extent, deviations of the mandible (primarily sagittal) depend on occlusal factors.

Adult↗