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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Various viewpoints in the evaluation of rheograms of the extremities. I. Rheographs of the leg].

1. All angular measures of the rheogramme depend in their size on the height of the gauge wave. In order to gain uniform reference values and to perform a comparison between different curves, it is necessary to eliminate the effect of the various heights of gauge waves on the curves by a standardisation on a constant reference value. The technical performance of the standardisation is described. 2. The connection between height of the gauge waves and the angular measures is not linear. A polynoma of second degree is the result of the function of size of angle and height of gauge wave. 3. As strongest parameter for the separation between pathologic cases and comparative persons with healthy vessels the standardized sum of angles of the three first after-waves in the descending side of the curve is found. 4. Other separation parameters are the relative pulse volume, the standardized ascending and peak angle as well as the peak height in milli-Ohm. For these parameters the mean value and the lower limits of the reference regions are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Psychopathology and the dynamics of psychogenic hysterical disorders arising in the presenile period and in old age].

As a result of the study of the nervous-mental state of 45 patients the author revealed considerable peculiarities of the clinical picture and the course of psychogenic hysterical disturbances depending on manifestations in the elderly or old age. It is shown that reactive hysterical states with the onset in the old age are distinguished by more elementariness, stereotypness, monotony of manifestations, absence of inclination for progression and transformation into a pathological development of a personality (what is frequently observed in the debut of hysterical disorders in the old age). The clinico-dynamic differences of psychogenic hysteria with the onset in presenium and old age are explained by different influence of common aged factors, climacteric and cerebro-vascular factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postinjection changes in angiopathy patients].

The results are presented of studying the response of the foot skin blood microcirculatory vessels after injecting 2ml of saline solution of NaCl into the hip. A group of patients with diabetes mellitus aggravated by angiopathy of low extremities was managed with insulin during 4 to 18 years and examined versus insulin-untreated diabetes mellitus patients, persons with low limb obliterating thromboangiitis and healthy volunteers. The studies were carried out, using the "skin window" method, which allows one to investigate not only the capillary function but also the state of other skin microcirculatory units. It was determined that at rest the functioning microvessel density per the tissue area unit is compensatory enhanced in patients with angiopathy. The pain irritating effect (the injection) is integrated into a stereotypic vasospastic response in all the persons under study, becoming pathologically persistent in patients with angiopathy. It was concluded that the maximum tissue sparing is necessary during the injection therapy, considering this procedure as a factor of arising and developing the vessel affection, especially in diabetes mellitus insulin-treated patients, subjecting to systematic insulin injections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory rehabilitation in severe restrictive lung disease secondary to tuberculosis.

There is a need for portable and less expensive devices for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. The case of a 44-year-old Hispanic woman is illustrative. The patient had severe restrictive lung disease secondary to right phrenic nerve crush/pneumoperitoneum and left pneumonectomy/decortication for bilateral lower lobe tuberculosis. In 1969, 12 years after her last operation, she developed dyspnea, coryza, and somnolence. She was hospitalized with a PaO2 of 30mmHg; PaCO2 of 77mmHg and a pH of 7.28. Pulmonary function tests showed alveolar hypoventilation and her resting ventilation was between 2.26 to 3.74L/min. Her vital capacity was 1130cc (37% of predicted value) and maximum breathing capacity was 36L/min (44% of predicted value). From 1969, she used a poncho (wraparound) ventilator for her long-term respiratory care and modified the poncho suit to meet her personal needs. In 1971, she discovered that a mouth intermittent positive pressure ventilation (MIPPV) method, often used by patients with neuromuscular disorders, was easier to apply. Since then, she has continued to use a Bantam Respirator with MIPPV and a lipguard/mouthpiece during the night, and the respirator with a mouthpiece for a few hours during the days. However, when she has an upper respiratory infection or feels tired, she finds that she needs the greater rest and comfort that the poncho provides. With the assistance of these two respiratory devices, she has been able to complete her education, marry, and lead a fulfilling life in the community. This patient is considered the first person with severe lung pathology to utilize MIPPV for sleep.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duration of pain condition and physical pathology as determinants of nurses' assessments of patients in pain.

This article is based on an experiment that examined features distinguishing chronic from acute pain syndromes, and their influence on nurses' estimates of patient suffering, pain relief actions, and attitudes toward patients. Two hundred sixty-eight nurses received one-paragraph descriptions of patients complaining of severe pain. Descriptions varied on the dimensions of duration (acute vs. chronic), signs of physical pathology (positive vs. negative), signs of depression (positive vs. negative), and diagnostic category (low back vs. headache vs. joint pain). Subjects estimated the intensity of the hypothetical patient's suffering, indicated priorities for specific pain relief actions, and rated the patient on a series of trait dimensions. Subjects attributed less intense pain when the patient had no signs of pathology and when duration was long-termed and chronic. They also assigned lower priorities to medication-related nursing actions when signs of pathology were negative. Finally, more negative personality and behavioral traits were attributed to the patient when signs of pathology were negative. The results reflect a dichotomous, organic versus psychogenic model of pain on the part of health care staff. Since the data indicate the chronic pain sufferer is negatively stereotyped by staff, a need exists to develop and disseminate more integrative models of the pain experience.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma proteins as biochemical markers of alcohol abuse].

Fractions of plasma proteins were marked in 135 alcohol dependent men. The increase in the level of beta globulins was found in 58%, a fall in the level of gamma globulins was found in 52% and in 26% of patients a fall in the level of albumin was recorded. Patients with a shorter period of dependence more frequently showed a lowering of the concentration of gamma globulin (59% of cases). Persons with a greater pathological pattern of dependence, however, showed an increase in the level of beta globulin (65% of cases). The joint use of beta globulin and gamma globulin as markers of alcohol abuse allowed for the detection of irregularities in the range of at least one of the above mentioned markers in 84% of the patients. The joint use of albumin, beta globulin and gamma globulin showed irregularities in at least one of these three tests in 90% of the patients. The authors conclude that marking the changes in the fraction of plasma proteins may be used as a biochemical marker of alcohol abuse.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapeutic process in a day hospital: results of a survey and importance of qualitative data].

This survey was carried out in a psychiatric day hospital over three years on all patients admitted. The aim was to assess the patients' state at discharge, and to identify the factors to explain the clinical changes, in particular to evaluate the impact of the various types of therapy proposed. The patients were evaluated when they entered the hospital and at discharge using mainly validated translated English-language questionnaires ("Health Sickness Rating Scale" of Luborsky, "Helping Alliance questionnaire" of Luborsky), but also two instruments developed and validated by our team: "Clinical Evaluation Profile", and the "Commitment Scale". The results provide not only a good description of the patients' state at arrival but also of their evolution. The factors found to be important in the evaluation were similar to those identified in most of previous studies, i.e. the initial severity, and quality of the therapeutic relationship, but we also found that the degree of commitment of the patients to the various therapies offered was important. In addition, we found that, when using the commitment scale in homogeneous subgroups of patients (identified using the CIM 9 diagnostic scale) were examined, the favourable outcome of a given psychotherapeutic approach was dependent on the type of the pathology. Thus, patients with personality disorders and high scores at the commitment scale benefited above all from group therapy. The reverse was found for patients with neurotic disorders. For patients suffering from schizophrenia the most important factor was the commitment to the background milieu of the hospital. These observations are in contradiction with some of the main conclusions (known as the equivalence paradox) from english and american studies over the last 40 years of Psychotherapy Research, which state that all psychotherapies are equivalent, and that the reason why some give successful results, and other do not can, only be by non specific factors (i.e. the quality of the therapeutic bond, patients' motivations, etc.). From our results, if homogeneous subgroups of patients are considered and if we use subjective (commitment to the therapy) instead of hard data (as for example having this type of therapy or an other one, or the length of therapy, ect.), we can distinguish the effect of the various psychotherapeutic approaches at least in a psychiatric institution.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Learning and prediction of a chaotic pattern related to the time-course of clinical laboratory data by artificial neural network].

We investigated whether an artificial neural network (ANN) could learn a chaotic pattern related to the time-course of some clinical laboratory data and predict its future pattern. Then, the patterns of serum ALT level over time in patients with chronic hepatitis were successively learned by ANN. Future patterns were also successively predicted. This procedure may be used to pick up an unexpected event in time-course of personal data, study the pathological background of disease, or application of prophylactic treatment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1977

[Schizophrenic and paranoid - bi- or trisection of endogenous psychoses].

The fundamental differences between the syndromes united under the term of schizophrenia are demonstrated. Attempts to reduce these syndromes to a common denominator of a nosological unit bearing the same designation have failed. Important arguments are advanced against the identification, widespread in practice, of the terms "paranoid" and "schizophrenic". It is pointed out that these two terms are incompatible to some extent. There is a fundamental difference between the nature of paranoia and the symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia (Dementia praecox). Paranoia is far more dependent on the personality than on the pathological process. A division into three aspects - schizophrenia, paranoid psychoses and MDP instead of the dichotomy schizophrenia/MDP, is proposed for a better theoretical and practical understanding in the field of endogeny. Further semantic arguments are advanced against the term "schizophrenia" indicating its iatrogenic effect.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of thymoleptics in the treatment of bipolar disorders].

The widening of the concept of bipolar disorders to embrace the notion of a "spectrum" of disorders leads to the supposition that almost 5% of the general population may affected. Thymoleptics are the key treatment, but they should be prescribed over many years, and it is necessary to determine the threshold above which treatment should be considered. Lithium salts remain the reference thymoleptic treatment, but they are insufficiently effective in 30 to 60% of patients. They have a narrow therapeutic margin and are frequently accompanied by adverse effects. Numerous studies, mainly open, have confirmed the value of anti-epileptic thymoleptics (carbamazepine and valpromide) in mood disorders. They are comparable in efficacy to lithium salts, both in first-time treatment and in prophylactic use. Their main indications are as follows: marked progression of the mood disorder with the presence of mixed disorders or rapid-cycling disorders, concomitant organic pathology, substance abuse or personality disorder, poor response to lithium salts.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1997

[Morbid associations in Crohn's disease. Study of a series of 832 patients].

OBJECTIVES: Depending its frequency, the association in the same subject of Crohn's disease and another pathology can be fortuitous or the expression of genetic or environmental interrelationships. The aim of our study was to identify among a series of patients with Crohn's disease preliminary data which would be suggestive of a significant association between Crohn's disease and other pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Personal and familial histories were collected in 832 patients with Crohn's disease who were seen consecutively in the same hospital clinic from 1974 to 1994. RESULTS: We found 4 cases (0.5%) of associated Crohn's disease-multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease-rheumatoid purpura in the same patient. Each of the following genetic diseases was associated with Crohn's disease in one patient (0.1%): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, deuteroanopia, multiple exostosis, familial ichthyosis, periodic disease. CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time sporadic cases of associated Crohn's disease and another rare disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, familial ichthyosis and periodic disease. We suggest that there is a significant interrelationship between personal and familial histories of Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis which should be verified in prospective studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Digit-sucking: a review of the literature, clinical observations and treatment recommendations.

Prolonged digit-sucking habits can have a negative impact on dental, speech, physical and emotional development. Children can be helped to eliminate their sucking habits quickly, without coercion, and in a positive way. Admittedly, most of my data is based purely on clinical observation. However, clinical observation is the basis for classical scientific investigation. I welcome this investigation; it is long overdue. Much of the literature available to parents appears to take a rather cavalier attitude with regard to the dental consequences of sucking habits. Parents are frequently left with the impression that no harm is done to the teeth. This perspective is based on the assumption that most children stop the sucking behavior before permanent teeth erupt into the mouth. Therefore, any dental malocclusion in the primary teeth will often be transitional or will spontaneously self-correct. However, as demonstrated by Kelly, et al (1973), millions of children do not discontinue their sucking habits before permanent teeth erupt. In addition, stress levels in today's world are probably significantly greater than when this study was done. Because stress is a powerful stimulus for the sucking activity, it is highly probable that if a similar study were done today, it would produce a substantially greater number of individuals with prolonged sucking habits. The active pursuit of insurance benefits for the Certified Orofacial Myologist providing therapy for the elimination of these habits will be germane to prevention. Research is needed to accomplish this goal including: investigation of the incidence of prolonged digit-sucking habits; the impact of these habits on the entire stomatognathic system, speech development and emotional health; efficacy of treatment (including psychological response) both through the utilization of habit appliances and motivational therapy. The Certified Orofacial Myologist provides many valuable therapeutic programs to enhance dental and speech development. In the words of our president, Marge Snow at the 25th Anniversary of the founding of The International Association of Orofacial Myology, "we are morally and ethically challenged with making this treatment available to everyone". Roberta Pierce (1988) in her paper, "Treatment For The Young Child" wrote, "The overall goal is to create as normal an environment as possible so as to facilitate normal growth and development." The early elimination of digit-sucking habits is one of the most important therapeutic services offered by the Certified Orofacial Myologist because it provides the most benefit toward prevention and the well-being of the whole person. Treatment after the pathology is fully developed is invasive, not cost-effective and does not provide as good a clinical result. Little mouths deserve a big chance to grow healthy and straight.

Child↗
PubMed1997

[Hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma. Description of a case].

Differentiated thyroid cancers account for 1% of all neoplasias but only for 2.3% of thyroid nodules. A particular condition is represented by the association with hyperthyroidism, which is found in about 7% of cases. Even more rarely may be themselves cause of thyrotoxicosis. In the present paper, the case of a 66-year old male patient, bearing a recently appeared goiter, referred to us for suspicion of lung cancer and hyperthyroid symptoms, is reported. Among appropriate investigations, the finding of high titer of thyroglobulin in the aspiration needle and cytology examination suggested that thyroid lesion was primary and not metastatic, while scintiscan with J-131 isotope showed that excess of thyroid hormones was just due to it; histological diagnosis was of papillary carcinoma. As to the pathogenesis of the neoplasma during hyperthyroidism, a causal role of thyroid stimulating auto-antibodies has been suggested in the cases associated with Graves' disease, absent in our patient, which could elicitate cancer progression in the mean time. Interestingly, activating mutation of thyroid hormone receptor (TSH-r) gene has been demonstrated in a hyperfunctioning differentiated cancer. Notwithstanding the unexpected clinical behaviour may appear very rare, molecular biology studies on aspiration biopsies (FNAB) will allow, in the future, to better define the neoplastic nature of some hot nodules. In personal opinion, this particular pathology must be attently searched both for its implications in the prognosis and therapeutic strategy and because it could be less rare than generally considered up to now.

Aged↗