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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Facial expression of the vertical dimension before and after orthognathic surgery].

The dynamic analysis of faces of the patients asking for a restoration for an aesthetic injury with a combined orthodontical-surgical treatment requires, besides a static morphological study: with photographs an cephalometric tracings; the study of their facial expression. In order to find out a method of classification of the units of expressive facial behavior, the mobility of the face is studied through the coding of the facial activity by P. EKMAN and W. FRIESEN i.e. the F.A.C.S.: Facial Action Coding System: From the video-recordings of faces and their photographic versions obtained after a pause on the video recorder, these authors have improvised a technic based on the visual observation of the anatomical basis of the movement in connection with facial expression and their description through minimal anatomical action units or A.U. These minimal units of behaviour combine to form mimics. Thanks to the F.A.C.S., the facial mimic of 18 patients before and after orthognatic surgery, and of six samples without dentofacial deformations has been studied. 18,844 AU have been observed, among 6,278 mimics made all together, with 604 different types. A classification of the mimics made by everyone and repeated in time has enabled us to establish a king of "norm" related to expression, allowing us some comparisons with expression of deformed patients. On one hand, for all of the patients examined, we have observed the mimics of the patients after surgery were more identical to the mimics of the samples. On the other hand, some differences have been distinguished concerning the changes of expressivity after surgery depending on the type of morphology before surgery: thus, rather a normal activity of the shrinking of the orbicularis oris has been observed, as well as the buccinator, among the open bites that had been operated on; and the activity of the uppe lip deriving from the "levator Labu Superious Caput infra orbitalis" has become more normal, and rather a normal activity of the lower lip deriving from mentalis, among the operated deep-bites. These results are akin to the clinical observations and suggest that the F.A.C.S. will be able to provide a coding for the study of facial expression.

Emotions↗
PubMed1989

[Inverted arthroplasty of the temporomandibular joint with the posterior segment of the ramus].

With vertical osteotomy of ascending ramus we have performed arthroplasty with inverted posterior segment for 13 cases of true ankylosis. There were 10 cases with more than 2.5 centimeters of Maximum Incisal Opening for more than six months, without open bite secondary to the operation. X-ray examination showed excellent union between the inverted segment and the rest of ramus and satisfactory appearance. There were some advantages of this operative technique; it is easy to operate and is able late the height of the ascending ramus, to form a new TMJ with point to surface contact which is similar to the normal anatomy of TMJ, and help rehabilitate the function of TMJ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Vertical development of the jaw in cases of trisomy 21: interaction of form and function].

With reference to lateral tele-X-rays of 1896 patients with trisomy 21 in the period from birth up to the 14th year of life, the vertical development of the face was analysed. 1154 healthy children of the same age serve as control group. Particular attention is paid to the question as to the importance of parafunctional forces which derive from the lingual protrusion typical for trisomy 21. In the context of the statistical analysis, group differences were tested by means of analysis of variance. There were the following results: the hypoplastic development of the midface also involves the vertical dimension. There is a reduced caudal development of the maxilla; the horizontal positioning of the maxilla is only altered slightly in that the maxilla is depressed somewhat less posteriorly; the mandible shows a slightly hypoplastic development, and the mandibular angle is slightly reduced in size; an increased presence of a vertical growth type is not found; the parafunctional force deriving from the lingual protrusion do not have any demonstrable effect on the vertical skeletal development, but bring about a bialveolar protrusion of the incisors; the frontal vertical open bites found in trisomy 21 are mainly dento-alveolar in nature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A pathological consideration of ankyloglossia and lingual myoplasty].

Despite the curious role of tongue in the development of oro-facial structures the tongue remains as rather quiescent organ without bony skeleton. But it is said that neuro-muscular complex of tongue is important in the developmental and functional process. Ankyloglossia and macroglossia are occasionally implicated in the oral diseases. Many authors supposed that the ankyloglossia and macroglossia might produce various abnormal oro-facial growth, such as bimaxillary or mandibular protrusion and anterior open bite, etc. We have designed the classification of ankyloglossia by measuring the median lingual frenum length with lingual frenum ruler. It is well known that every people has a lingual frenum to some degree. So we analyse that the group showing less than 10mm of median frenum length is belong to mild ankyloglossia, the group showing from 10mm to 15mm of median frenum length is belong to moderate ankyloglossia, the group showing more than 15mm of median frenum length is belong to type 1 severe ankyloglossia, and the group showing clinically severe ankyloglossia but having less than 15mm of median frenum length is belong to type 2 severe ankyloglossia. We have experienced that the mild ankyloglossia usually causes no clinical complication to receive dental treatments. In the present study we investigated different clinical complications under this classification. We also recognized that the most retracted tongue position is a comparable criterion of tongue movement. The severer ankyloglossia showing thick lingual frenum is the more frequently associated with macroglossia and occlusal disharmony, and its most retracted tongue position is prone to locate high-anterior direction. Among 130 cases receiving lingual myoplasty 106 cases (81.5%) showed various malocclusions, 37 cases (28.5%) showed conspicuous speech problem, and 14 cases (19.8%) showed severe oro-facial deformity. The lingual myoplasty consists of two steps, the first is the same with frenectomy, and the second is the procedure of re-equilibrium of extrinsic tongue muscles mainly between genioglossus muscle and hyoglossus muscle. 130 cases which were belong to the group of moderate and severe ankyloglossia were selected for the lingual myoplasty, and the patients were ordered to keep on self training by the method of Dr. Lim's tongue movement. In three months after lingual myoplasty there was no relapse of ankyloglossia and the most retracted tongue position changed to inferior and posterior direction effectively (Tab. 6, 7, 8), and on gross finding the size of tongue seems to be decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Intrusion of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa: report of a case in an 11-year-old girl.

Intrusion of the head of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa is a rare but highly significant result of trauma to the mandible. Various treatment modalities for this type of injury have been reported in the literature. This case report concerns the intrusion of the left mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa in an 11-year-old girl. Five days after the original injury, severe limitation of opening was noted, as was a significant overjet and posterior open bite. A CT scan revealed intrusion of the left condyle into the middle cranial fossa. Treatment consisted of closed reduction with intermaxillary fixation. At the 10-month follow-up, full range of motion was possible with only minimal deviation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The assessment of nasopharyngeal airway space].

In children, the nasopharyngeal airway space is provided by the size of adenoid tissue on the posterior nasopharyngeal wall and the size of nasopharynx. This airway space will be changed by the age. The objective of this study is for evaluating this airway space at the age group 7-8 years, 9-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years and 15-16 years from the cephalograms by assessing is the form of adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio. Two hundred subjects (97 boys, 103 girls) were selected without histories of mouth breathing, or adenoidectomy or previous orthodontic treatment and cephalometrically, they are shown normal inclination of the maxilla and the mandible to cranial base, normal facial index and no anterior open-bite. They were divided into 40 subjects on each age group. From the study, the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio were found 0.557, 0.487, 0.512, 0.470 and 0.415 at the age 7-8 years, 9-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years and 15-16 years respectively.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1989

[Relationships between dysgnathias, mode of formation of the sound S and abnormal deglutition].

In this study it is tried to clear how much there exist correlations between sigmatisms and abnormal deglutition of patients with dysgnathias. It was found of 535 patients of an orthodontic department that abnormal swallowing of patients with dysgnathias having a sigmatism with a probability of error of 1% appears highly significantly more often than of patients with dysgnathias without sigmatism. With nearly 50% of persons with sigmatism in the same time showing a dysgnathia may be expected an abnormal mode of deglutition. Relationship between abnormal swallowing and sigmatisms is with 76.47% especially high at "protruding of the lower jaw", followed by "open bite" with 75%, then "extendet overjet" with 47.78%, whereas at "lack of room" this relationship may be observed at 35.42% of the cases.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1989

[Orthodontic treatment of adults].

Orthodontic treatment of adults has become an integral part of orthodontic routine. Adults can only be treated with fixed appliances. The amount of force and the resulting moments need careful calculation. The factors listed below distinguish orthodontic treatment of adults from that in juveniles: (1) Preceding periodontal treatment is a sine qua non. It should also accompy orthodontic treatment. (2) A growth effect can no longer be expected. (3) Bite opening can only be achieved by intrusion and torque of incisors. (4) Skeletal disharmonies invariably need surgical correction. (5) Treatment time is considerably longer. (6) Motivation of adult patients is much higher. (7) Therefore, oral hygiene is not a problem. (8) The cosmetic appearance is an important factor, which is best taken care of by ceramic or lingual brackets. (9) Final adjustment of occlusion should be done with gnathologic positioners. (10) Adult treatment should only be done by orthodontists trained and experienced in modern fixed appliance use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thumbsucking and malocclusion--presentation of a clinical case].

The digital sucking habit have been significantly related with the malocclusions. These problems can be observed as in the deciduous and mixed as in the permanent dentition. Frequency, length, and intensity of the habit generate as a consequence: anterior open bite, retrusion of the mandible, protrusion of the maxilla, excessive overjet, labial version of the upper incisors, uprighting of the lower incisors, posterior cross bites, sometimes associated to a ogival palate, diastema between the upper incisors, and any others facial characteristics. According to various authors, when the habit persist for an extended period after the age of four years, is considered how malocclusion cause. In this case is requered the professional interference. The presentation of this study has the objective to show the clinic conduct for preventive orthodontics in face to cases who exhib harmful habits.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

The effects of mandibular immobilization on the masticatory system. A review.

It is clear from this review that mandibular immobilization is not as benign a procedure as once thought. Detrimental effects on several tissues within the masticatory apparatus have been observed following mandibular immobilization. Atrophy of the muscles of mastication, degenerative changes within the mandibular condyle, and decreases in range of passive bite opening are all consistent findings following several weeks of mandibular immobilization. The use of fixation procedures which avoid the use of mandibular immobilization (i.e., rigid internal fixation) has been shown to minimize these problems. As with any procedure, however, the risks and benefits of rigid internal fixation must be weighed against the time-honored standard (i.e., maxillomandibular fixation). It is hoped that future research and clinical experience will direct the surgeon to select whichever technique is in the best interest of the patient.

Fracture Fixation, Internal↗
PubMed1977

Lymphangioma of the tongue: medical and surgical therapy.

Therapy for lingual lymphangioma consists of the following: --medical therapy for acute swelling in the form of steroids, enzymes, and antibiotics; --surgery by horizontal, partial wedge resection of diffuse lesions, and total excision of small circumscribed lesions; --adjunctive therapy, which includes reduction of sharp incisal edges, early orthondontic therapy for open bite, and orthognathic surgery, if indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Class II--vertical dimension].

The vertical dimension and its implication in the etiology of the class II are described. This dimension is analysed at the level of the cranial base, the maxillary and mandibular bones and alveolar processes. Then, the facial architecture as a whole is considered and particularly the key position of the upper molar. The dorsal and low position of these teeth in the hyperdivergent cases is fundamentally different from the one they occupy in the hypodivergent cases. The therapeutic approach is completely different in both cases and is illustrated by means of three deep overbite and three open bite cases.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1978

Digital sucking and tongue thrusting in children.

A conservative approach to the management of the child and parent and to the treatment by the dentist for both digital sucking and tongue thrusting is advocated. Because the prevalence of both activities continues to decrease with age, various age ranges are selected as guidelines for the dentist in selecting an approach for the management and treatment of either activity. Successful closure of an anterior open bite after the cessation of digital sucking and tongue thrusting is directly related to the ability of the dentist to assess the growth pattern and especially to determine whether there is a skeletal component contributing to an increase in the certical dimension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Occlusal status and disordered functions. Epidemiologic study of children aged 3 to 6 years in West Flanders].

This study is a part of larger epidemiologic survey done on 504 children, aged 3 to 6 years. The results of the occlusal parameters, and more specially, the relationship between occlusion and parafunction, as there are fingersucking and dummysucking, were analysed and discussed. The examined occlusal parameters were crossbite, open bite, attrition and incisor/molar and lateral movements.

Belgium↗
PubMed1988

Surgical approach in severe cases of maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome).

Binder's syndrome or maxillonasal dysplasia is a malformation characterized by an extremely flat and retruded nose. Severe cases of the syndrome do also have a retrognatic maxilla often combined with an open bite deformity which demands a combined surgical solution with both maxillary osteotomy and secondary nose correction. The two-stage surgical procedure in the advanced cases of maxillonasal dysplasia has in our opinion been preferable to a Le Fort II osteotomy. Two cases with severe Binder's syndrome where the two-stage procedure has been performed will be presented and the surgical approach discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The role of the orthodontist in the treatment of adolescents with orofacial clefts.

In the orthodontic treatment of patients with clefts the main aim is to maximize the growth and development of the maxillary complex and, at the same time, to improve functional efficiency and facial aesthetics. The commonest malocclusions found in adolescents with lip and palate clefts are: frontal or anterior crossbite; posterior or buccal crossbite which is either unilateral or bilateral; retrusion of the middle third of the face to a greater or a lesser degree; open bite; and finally malformation and displacement of the teeth adjacent to the cleft. Treatment may be divided into: correction of malocclusions in the transverse plane; correction in the antero-posterior plane; vertical corrections; and correction of misplaced individual teeth. Posterior (lateral) crossbite can be corrected by both gradual and rapid (forced) expansion using various removable appliances. Following this, correction of anterior crossbite and restoration of vertical occlusal relationships will be necessary. Finally, misplaced individual teeth will need to be repositioned. Traumatic surgery and consequent scar tissue affects the growth of the maxillary arch and the development of the occlusion. This was demonstrated in a comparative analysis of monozygotic and dizygotic twins discordant for clefts as well as in twin pairs whose clefts were non-identical in type and extent. The adolescents who still have unoperated clefts have special problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Temporomandibular joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical study.

The aims of this thesis were to investigate individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to the frequency and character of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the relationship between TMJ involvement and general joint disease, the possibility to detect pathologic conditions in the TMJ region with skin surface temperature, and treatment effect of physical training on TMJ disorder. TMJ disorder was more frequent and more severe in RA than among normal subjects. The TMJ symptoms started frequently in the early phase of RA and were correlated to the extension of the general joint symptoms. Anterior open bite occurs in a small subgroup of RA individuals and was associated with severe TMJ disorder and high values of ESR. High concentration of serum acute-phase reactants and high values of rheumatologic indices were associated with severe TMJ involvement in RA. Skin surface temperature over the TMJ and the masseter muscle was generally low in individuals with RA compared with normal subjects. TMJ disorder was related to the overlying skin surface temperature. The low temperature over the TMJ and the masseter muscle is probably caused by disuse atrophy and an ensuing decrease in muscular blood flow. Short-term results of physical training for the stomatognathic system improved the mandibular mobility and reduced the clinical dysfunction in RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Homogenous bone grafts to the mandible.

Homogenous bone grafts were used in 20 cases including cysts, nonunions, an open bite, an ameloblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, and cherubism. There was a 75% success rate. This type of graft can solve a number of operative problems in mandibular surgery.

Adult↗