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Results for “Occlusal Splints”

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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A computer model of the periodontal ligament space in man.

An engineering model of the periodontal ligament fibres was used to calculate length changes in the fibres with: direct occlusal forces on the tooth, occlusal loads on other teeth in the arch and splinting. The fibre elongations appear to influence tooth eruption, the clinical behaviour of splinted and non-splinted teeth, and the establishment of vertical dimension of occlusion and occlusal plane height. The model also provides insight into the controversy surrounding the intermediate plexus of the ligament.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1995

A randomized clinical trial of intraoral soft splints and palliative treatment for masticatory muscle pain.

Thirty subjects seeking treatment for masticatory muscle pain at a university-based TMJ clinic were randomly assigned to soft-splint, palliative-treatment, and no-treatment groups. After 4 to 11 weeks of treatment, subjects were evaluated for changes from their baseline levels of symptoms, maximum pain-free opening, pain thresholds measured by a pressure algometer, and occlusal contacts. With the use of the multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, the results suggest that the soft-splint group had statistically significant improvement (P < .01), the palliative-treatment group had improvement that was not statistically significant, and the no-treatment group had a slight aggravation of symptoms. The soft-splint group had fewer occlusal contact changes assessed with shimstock compared to the palliative-treatment and no-treatment groups. The findings of this study suggest that the soft splint is an effective short-term treatment for reducing the signs and symptoms of masticatory muscle pain in patients, and the soft splint does not cause occlusal changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Patient preference between visible light-cured and heat-cured acrylic splints.

PURPOSE: To compare the advantages/disadvantages concerning patient subjective preferences of splints made with heat-cured acrylic (Splint Resin Polymer) or visible light-cured material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed assessing: comfort, stability, fit, taste, occlusal contacts, lip seal, smoothness, hygiene, color stability, stain resistance, salivation level, gingival irritation, bulkiness and odor. 10 patients already treatment planned to receive splints, were chosen at random from the dental school. Splints made from the two types of materials were delivered to each patient to be used for 3 wks. The material to initially be used was chosen at random and the questionnaire was answered after each 3-wk period. RESULTS: The MacNemar's Chi-square test revealed that there was no statistical difference in patient preference between the two splint materials.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

Effect of occlusal adjustment on mandibular dysfunction. A double-blind study.

A group of headache patients who also had many signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were randomly assigned to treatment and placebo groups. All 48 patients in the treatment group received occlusal adjustment and 19 of them also splint therapy. In the placebo group all 43 patients received mock adjustment. The changes in symptoms and signs of mandibular dysfunction were evaluated after 8 months in the treatment group and after 4 months in the placebo group, in a double-blind design. Placebo treatment and real treatment were equally effective in relieving symptoms of mandibular dysfunction, but there was significantly more reduction in signs of dysfunction in the treatment group than in the placebo group. When tested statistically, this reduction appeared to be independent of the use of splints as an aid to treatment. It can be concluded that the elimination of occlusal disturbances was an effective treatment for mandibular dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The functional shift of the mandible in unilateral posterior crossbite and the adaptation of the temporomandibular joints: a pilot study.

Changes in the functional shift of the mandibular midline and the condyles were studied during treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite in six children, aged 7-11 years. An expansion plate with covered occlusal surfaces was used as a reflex-releasing stabilizing splint during an initial diagnostic phase (I) in order to determine the structural (i.e. non-guided) position of the mandible. The same plate was used for expansion and retention (phase II), followed by a post-retention phase (III) without the appliance. Before and after each phase, the functional shift was determined kinesiographically and on transcranial radiographs by concurrent recordings with and without the splint. Transverse mandibular position was also recorded on cephalometric radiographs. Prior to phase I, the mandibular midline deviated more than 2 mm and, in occlusion (ICP), the condyles showed normally centred positions in the sagittal plane. With the splint, the condyle on the crossbite side was displaced 2.4 mm (P < 0.05) forwards compared with the ICP, while the position of the condyle on the non-crossbite side was unaltered. After phase III, the deviation of the midline had been eliminated. Sagittal condylar positions in the ICP still did not deviate from the normal, and the splint position was now obtained by symmetrical forward movement of both condyles (1.3 and 1.4 mm). These findings suggest that the TMJs adapted to displacements of the mandible by condylar growth or surface modelling of the fossa. The rest position remained directly caudal to the ICP during treatment. Thus, the splint position, rather than the rest position should be used to determine the therapeutic position of the mandible.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Crown-to-root ratio: its significance in restorative dentistry.

The definition of the crown-to-root ratio, its manifestation as a clinical problem, and associated problems were reviewed. Treatment possibilities were discussed in terms of plaque control, periodontal surgery, occlusal adjustment by selective grinding, splinting, restorative considerations, and extraction. The original guidelines for crown-to-root ratio in the selection of abutments were found to be exceptionally conservative and treatment limiting. New treatment modalities were considered in light of increased understanding of periodontal inflammation and its control. With inflammation controlled and with a carefully designed occlusion, some degree of mobility may be tolerated, thereby permitting the retention of teeth with minimal alveolar support.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

[Rehabilitation of an abraded occlusion with Procera-ZrO2 all-ceramic crowns. A case report].

The rehabilitation of a patient with advanced tooth wear by means of Procera ZrO2 ceramic crowns is described. A healthy, 60 year old patient complained about front teeth esthetics and impaired function due to reduced tooth height. He was aware of bruxism and wished full mouth rehabilitation. The clinical examination showed that tooth wear was generalized, but most teeth could be maintained in both jaws. A staged procedure was planned, starting with a splint therapy and a provisional fixed prosthesis to reestablish correct vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and stable occlusal contacts. The new ZrO2 material with the Procera technique was chosen to restore all teeth in both jaws, except the mandible front teeth. In the second treatment phase, crown lengthening of the maxillary front teeth was performed and one implant placed to replace a maxillary premolar. After final tooth preparation, impression taking and bite registration the ZrO2 crown-copings were scanned, processed and completed by veneering. A flat occlusal scheme with stable front teeth guidance was established. The advantage of the presented treatment is the esthetic result in combination with a material of high mechanical and biological quality.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1991

Maxillary full-coverage appliance.

This chapter is a synopsis of the fabrication, indications, and contraindications of maxillary orthotics. The author combines his orthodontic training with his clinical temporomandibular joint experience to discuss a wide array of appliances. He divides these orthotics into two groups: permissive or deprogramming appliances (which include the anterior bite plane, posterior bite plane, and full-coverage bite plane) and directive or repositioning appliances (which include the centric relation splint, neuromuscular splint, anterior repositioning appliance, and activators).

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1986

Autotransplantation of maxillary canine teeth. A follow-up of 35 cases up to 4 years.

35 cases of autotransplantation of nonendodontically treated maxillary canines were followed for up to 4 years and were assessed according to loss of the transplanted tooth, onset of sensibility, mobility, intact lamina dura and presence of tooth resorption. The results of this study compare favourably with other studies and favour the hypothesis that little is to be gained by not endodontically treating autotransplanted teeth immediately after splint removal. It is also suggested that immobilization by means of a rigid splint, removing the tooth from occlusal forces, may account for the relatively low incidence of resorption in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of oral splint devices on sleep bruxism: a 6-week observation with an ambulatory electromyographic recording device.

This study investigated the effect of stabilization splint (SS) and palatal splint (PS), which had the same design as SS except for the elimination of the occlusal coverage, on sleep bruxism (SB) using a portable electromyographic (EMG) recording system. Sixteen bruxers participated in this study. The EMG activities of the right masseter muscle during sleep were recorded for three nights each in the following five recording periods: before, immediately after, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the insertion of the splint. The crossover design, in which each splint was applied to each subject for 6 weeks with an interval of 2 months for a washout period, was employed in this randomized-controlled study. The number of SB events, duration and total activities of SB were analysed. The number of SB events before the insertion of splints (baseline) was 2.98 +/- 1.61 times h(-1). Both splints significantly reduced SB immediately after the insertion of devices (P < 0.05, one-way repeated-measures anova followed by Dunnett); however, no reduction was observed in 2, 4 or 6 weeks (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the effect on SB between the SS and PS (P > 0.05, two-way repeated-measures anova). Both splints reduced the masseter EMG activities associated with SB; however, the effect was transient.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment.

Fifty-eight patients (mean age 18.4 years) who had received splint therapy for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were examined retrospectively to investigate the efficacy of occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment. The subjects were divided into three groups: 18 patients (mean age 18.6 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment combined with the use of splints (ST group); 27 patients (mean age 18.2 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment without the use of splints (NST group); and 13 patients (mean age 17.9 years) who received only splint therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD; control group). TMJ sound, pain on movement and restriction of mandibular movement were examined at the initial examination (T1), at the end of the splint therapy for TMD or beginning of orthodontic treatment (T2), at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3), and at recall or 1 year after orthodontic treatment (T4). The following results were found. (1) The percentage of patients with no joint sound at T2 was 20-30 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 50 per cent at T3, but slightly decreased to 39-50 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (2) The number of patients who had no pain on movement at T2 was 60-80 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 90 per cent at T3, but then slightly decreased to 80 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (3) None of the patients showed restriction of movement of the TMJ at T2 or T4. One patient in the ST group was found to have restriction at T3. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (4) The most frequent type of malocclusion in both ST and NST groups was anterior open bite. These results suggest that TMD symptoms that have been eliminated by splint therapy are not likely to recur due to subsequent orthodontic treatment, but it cannot be concluded that orthodontic treatment itself had a positive effect on TMD symptoms. The results also indicate that there is a relationship between anterior open bite and TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finite element analysis of biomechanical interactions of a tooth-implant splinting system for various bone qualities.

BACKGROUND: The splinting of an implant and tooth is a rational alternative in some clinical situations. The complex biomechanical aspects of a tooth-implant system are derived from the dissimilar mobility between the osseointegrated implant and the tooth. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanics in a tooth-implant splinting system for various bone qualities with different occlusal forces using non-linear finite element (FE) analysis. METHODS: A 3D FE model containing one Frialit-2 implant splinted to the mandibular second premolar and a simplified bony segment was constructed. Four bone quality categories were established by varying the elastic parameters assigned to the bone volumes. Contact elements (frictional surface) were used to simulate the realistic frictional interface condition within the implant system. The stress distributions in the splinting system were observed for four loading types. RESULTS: The simulated results indicated that the lateral occlusal forces significantly increased the implant system (sigmaI, max), alveolar bone (sigmaAB, max) and prosthesis (sigmaP, max) stress values when compared with the axial occlusal forces. The sigma1, max and sigmaP, max values did not exhibit significant differences between the four bone qualities. Conversely, the sigmaAB, max values increased with reduction in bone quality, in particular for type IV bone quality. The sigmaI, max, sigmaAB, max and sigmaP, max stress values were significantly reduced in centric or lateral contact situations once the occlusal forces on the pontic were decreased. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that implants connected to natural teeth should be used with caution in softer bone regions. Utilizing occlusal adjustment to minimize the occlusal loading force on the pontic could reduce the stress/strain values in the splinting system.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

Use of a removable splint in the treatment of subluxated, luxated and root fractured anterior permanent teeth in children.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of subluxated, luxated and root fractured teeth in children treated by removable splints, designed to stabilize mobile anterior teeth and eliminate occlusal trauma due to malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 227 traumatized anterior teeth (91 subluxated, 105 luxated and 31 root fractured teeth) treated with a removable splint were observed for 3 years. The traumatized teeth were from 79 children aged between 6-12 years (mean 8 years 5 months). If a traumatized tooth was extremely mobile, a fixed splint was first made before the impression was taken for the removable splint. Two weeks after completion of the removable splint treatment, an impression was taken again to evaluate the occlusal relationship of pre- versus post-treatment of removable splint. RESULTS: The treatment period with a removable splint averaged 3 weeks in subluxated teeth, 3-5 weeks in luxated teeth, 4-6 weeks in apical third root fracture injuries, and more than 5 weeks in middle third root fracture injuries. All the subluxated teeth and 74.1% of the luxated teeth maintained their pulp vitality during the 3-year follow-up period. Two of 21 (9.5%) apical third root fracture teeth and three of five (60%) middle third root fracture teeth had pulp necrosis in the coronal fragments. Internal resorption was not found in any of the traumatized teeth. External replacement resorption was not found in subluxated and luxated teeth. All the root fractured teeth displayed transient external resorption around the fracture lines. The surface resorption appeared to be self-limiting and not to threaten the retention of the tooth. Inflammatory resorption was observed in teeth with pulp necrosis, but in all cases this was reversed with endodontic treatment. Eight of 23 (39%) apical third root fractured teeth displayed replacement resorption in their apical fragments, but the resorption was not serious enough to extract the tooth. No obvious alteration in the occlusal relationship was found comparing pre- and post-treatment casts. The removable splints appeared to positively affect healing after traumatic injuries, as evidenced by the low number of complications at the 3-year follow-up period.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Recurrence: mechanisms and treatments].

An original analysis by computer has been imagined. Etiological diagnosis in recurrence's cases is based on asymmetry. Different levels were investigated: dental arch, ridge, basal bone and mandibular position. Dental shift, deformed bone, eccentric mandibular and occlusal distortion were found. Each molar is independently moving. Mandibular basal bone is stabilized in the transverse dimension. Mandibular deviation induces compression or stretching in temporo-mandibular articulation. Occlusal interferences involve distortion of cuspal plans. To reach stable objectives, molars require symmetrical position below one millimeter discrepancy, molar locking is to be had for the disto-vestibular cusp and ovoid arch. A special anchor apparatus allows to correct every wrong position of each individual molar, in each three-directional space. Mini-positioner or mini-splint perfect anterior misalignment. Sometimes, thermical memory archs are required. Ten fundamental rules that regulate occlusal and mandibular stability have been checked after treatment.

Alveolar Process↗